According to the article, in Dezhou, Shandong Province, a company producing hot sauce saved more than 5 million yuan by renewing the loan without repaying the principal. Wang Guoen, deputy director of Dezhou Banking Supervision Branch, Shandong Province, said: "Under the recommendation of the Small and Medium Enterprises Bureau, no non-performing loans were found after handling the loan renewal business, achieving a win-win situation."
In fact, it is not an innovative measure to renew the loan without repaying the principal. On July 20 14, the former CBRC issued the Notice on Improving and Innovating the Loan Service for Small and Micro Enterprises to Improve the Financial Service Level of Small and Micro Enterprises (hereinafter referred to as Circular No.36), and put forward the policy of non-repayment of principal and renewal of loans. In recent years, local banks are also actively implementing relevant policies.
Dong Ximiao, a senior researcher at Chongyang Financial Research Institute of Renmin University of China, said that it is nothing new to renew the loan without repaying the principal. It can be explored and needs further standardization, such as clarifying the conditions and requirements of the loan renewal enterprises, but it is not suitable for large-scale promotion and sports replication. Local governments and regulatory authorities should not be too involved. Otherwise, it is possible to repeat the mistakes of "mutual insurance" and "joint insurance" in those years.
Usually, after the enterprise loan expires, it must be repaid first and then loaned. When the enterprise's capital turnover is insufficient, it is often necessary to raise a "bridge" fund, repay the bank loan first, and then borrow. And this "bridge-crossing" fund is also the source of more than 5 million yuan of hot sauce enterprises in Dezhou, Shandong Province. Because the loans obtained by SMEs from banks are often short-term loans within one year, there is a great demand for loan extension in the process of enterprise development.
According to Qilu Evening News reported in June this year, Zhao Xiaoguang, director of Dezhou SME Bureau, pointed out: "The annual interest rate of Dezhou enterprises' bridge funds ranges from around 30% to over 40%. By renewing the loan, the principal is not repaid. After a loan expires, you can renew the loan, settle the existing loan, and not restore the loan principal. " This can greatly alleviate the problem of high cost of small and medium-sized enterprises crossing the bridge.
In fact, it is nothing new to renew a loan without repayment. In the past few years, the China Banking Regulatory Commission has issued many policies on renewing loans without repayment. On July 20 14, the former China Banking Regulatory Commission issued the Notice on Improving and Innovating Loan Services for Small and Micro Enterprises to Improve the Financial Service Level of Small and Micro Enterprises (No.36 of Yin Jian Fa [2065438+04]), which clearly stated that for small and micro enterprises that still have financing needs and have temporary financial difficulties after the liquidity revolving loan expires, banking financial institutions can conduct loan investigation and review in advance according to the requirements of new loans. If a banking financial institution agrees to renew the loan, it shall sign a new loan contract with small and micro enterprises before the original working capital revolving loan expires. If a guarantee is needed, it shall sign a new guarantee contract, implement the loan conditions, settle the existing loan through the new loan, and allow small and micro enterprises to continue to use the loan funds.
In order to further supervise banks to seriously implement the policy of renewing loans and expand the business scope of renewing loans, in June 20 15, the former CBRC issued the Notice on Further Implementing the Supervision Policy of Financial Services for Small and Micro Enterprises (Yin Jian Fa [2065438+05] No.38), allowing banking financial institutions to independently decide the business scope of renewing loans according to their own risk control level and credit management system. At the same time, set the loan term flexibly, innovate loan products, enrich repayment and interest settlement methods, and improve the efficiency of the use of credit funds.
Therefore, local banks are also actively implementing the policy of not repaying loans. For example, Jiangsu Banking Regulatory Bureau issued the Notice on Doing a Good Job in Financial Services for Small and Micro Enterprises in 20 17 (Yin Su Jian Ban [2065438+07] No.72), requiring banking financial institutions to actively implement the policy of non-repayment of loans, formulate internal supporting system documents, reasonably increase the proportion of non-repayment of loans for small and micro enterprises on the basis of keeping the risk bottom line, and control credit according to their own risks.
This year, Hebei Banking Regulatory Bureau issued "Guiding Opinions on Supporting Banking Financial Institutions to Continue Lending to Small and Micro Enterprises" (hereinafter referred to as "Guiding Opinions"), which clarified the specific conditions, risk prevention and control, and regulatory measures for continuing lending to small and micro enterprises, and encouraged innovation in the working capital loan service model for small and micro enterprises.
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What is the difference between non-repayment loan renewal, loan extension and loan repayment? Why did the deputy director of Shandong Dezhou Banking Supervision Branch say that "no non-performing loans were found after handling the non-repayment business"? The above is the controversy of the above-mentioned news of unpaid loans in Dezhou, Shandong Province.
Liu Chengran, managing director of Faxun Finance, wrote in the official WeChat account "Cheng Weiyu Yan" that according to the general rules of loans, loan extension means that borrowers should apply to the lenders for loan extension if they can't repay on time before the loan expires. Whether the extension is decided by the lender. The cumulative extension period of short-term loans shall not exceed the original loan period; The cumulative extension period of medium-term loans shall not exceed half of the original loan period; The cumulative extension period of long-term loans shall not exceed 3 years. Unless otherwise stipulated by the state. If the borrower fails to apply for extension or the application for extension is not approved, the loan will be transferred to the overdue loan account from the day after the maturity date. Although the loan extension is somewhat similar to the loan extension, it can only be extended once, and the loan extension does not reflect the process of replacing the old cash flow with new cash flow. Therefore, loan extension is not a loan renewal.
The essence of loan renewal business is to borrow new loans and return old ones, but not all new and old loans are renewal loans. If there are concessions, the new and old loans are all restructuring loans. Restructuring loan refers to a loan in which the bank adjusts the repayment terms of the loan contract due to the borrower's financial situation deterioration or inability to repay.
According to the loan risk classification guide, loans newly borrowed or repaid by other financing methods should at least be classified as concerns. However, according to Circular No.36, if a banking financial institution renews loans to small and micro enterprises in accordance with the provisions of this Notice, it shall reasonably determine the risk classification of renewed loans in strict accordance with the basic principles and classification standards of the five-level risk classification of loans, and fully consider the borrower's repayment ability, normal operating income, credit rating and guarantee; Those who meet the standard of normal classes are classified as normal classes.
Regarding whether non-repayment of loans will affect the bank's NPL index, the bank team of Essence Securities pointed out that "non-repayment of loans" has access control and audit conditions. Under the premise that banks strictly abide by the risk control and do not abuse policies, "non-repayment of loans" can achieve a win-win situation with small and micro enterprises. This is essentially different from covering up non-performing loans. If the bank conducts this business prudently, it can reduce the cost of the enterprise and avoid short-term liquidity risk affecting the operation of the enterprise and even causing bad debts of the bank. It is precisely because this business model requires high customer access and risk control that its application scope may be relatively narrow.
According to the requirements of No.36 Document of the former China Banking Regulatory Commission, only small and micro enterprises that meet the following conditions can apply for loan renewal after passing the examination of banking financial institutions: operating in compliance with laws and regulations; Normal production and operation, sustainable operation ability and good financial status; Good credit status, strong repayment ability and willingness, and no bad behaviors such as misappropriating loan funds and owing loan principal and interest; The original revolving loan of working capital is normal and meets the conditions and standards for issuing new revolving loans of working capital; Other conditions required by banking financial institutions.
On the basis of Circular No.36, the guidance of Hebei Banking Regulatory Bureau also pointed out that small and micro enterprises apply for loan extension, and the loan investment and use are in line with the national industrial policy, environmental protection policy and credit policy, and are in line with the policy requirements of the state and Hebei Province on capacity reduction and pollution control; The period and amount of applying for loan extension shall not exceed the original loan contract.
Dong Ximiao told the reporter of National Business Daily that there is no limit on the number of times to renew the loan without repaying the principal. Without strict audit, it will delay the debt crisis for enterprises and hide non-performing loans for banks. "From the perspective of local governments and regulatory authorities, loans should not be forced to be repaid, but should be handed over to banks. Banks should strengthen auditing and give loans that are not repaid to enterprises that meet the credit access conditions, otherwise they will be recovered. " He also analyzed and pointed out.