First, the risk point that small enterprises are easy to induce and difficult to deal with is 1, and the understanding of hidden liabilities of enterprises is not in place. Corporate liabilities can be reflected in relevant financial statements, but there is no trace of private financing in the name of corporate shareholders and legal representatives. ? Wenzhou running tide? This is the best example: from April 20 1 1 year to April 01year, the bosses of 29 private enterprises in Wenzhou fled, and most of them were engaged in the real economy such as shoes, glasses and clothing. According to media reports, there were nine bosses in Wenzhou on September 25th alone? Run away? ,? Run away? The reason is closely related to private lending.
2, enterprise personnel mobility is too strong, leading to unstable production and operation. For example, a processing enterprise in Quzhou, Zhejiang Province is often in a semi-shutdown state due to labor shortage. On the one hand, processing enterprises rely on orders, and the large increase in orders leads to insufficient staffing; On the other hand, the unfamiliarity of newly recruited employees and the frequent job-hopping of skilled workers have brought great fluctuations to the production and operation of enterprises. From the perspective of risk management, an enterprise with a high average profit rate but a large fluctuation in periodic profit rate cannot win the favor of funds.
3. The problems covered by the weak source of the first repayment. Because the survival of small enterprises is closely related to the supply and demand of upstream enterprises, and the sales revenue as the first repayment source comes directly from the sales channels of large enterprises, once the upstream liquidity is not running smoothly, it is undoubtedly its downstream enterprises that are most affected. The river is full, the river is dry and there is no water. That's the truth. In addition, many small enterprises have irregular independent management, imperfect financial system and no related independent intellectual property products, which can not be ignored. Therefore, such enterprises are generally poor in their ability to resist risks in the economic tide.
4, raw materials, labor costs continue to rise. Due to the change of market environment, the textile industry is still taken as an example. 20 1 1 The price of raw materials in the textile industry continues to rise, so does the price of textile fabrics. The direct driving factors of raw material price increase in textile industry are the continuous increase of cotton price and the ups and downs of PTA (raw material for producing polyester fiber). At the same time, the labor remuneration of enterprise employees has also risen sharply, resulting in a sharp increase in the production cost of enterprises. The survey found that the average salary of textile and garment enterprises increased by more than 25% in 20 1 1 year.
5. The impact of RMB appreciation and export tax rebate policy adjustment. On the one hand, since the second exchange rate reform, the exchange rate of RMB against the US dollar has continued to climb and hit record highs, and the operating costs faced by export enterprises are getting heavier and heavier, and most export-oriented enterprises are operating more severely. On the other hand, the adjustment of local government's export tax rebate policy has further reduced the profit space of enterprises.
Two. Strategies to Prevent Credit Risks of Small Enterprises In view of the obvious increase in credit risks of small and medium-sized enterprises, UnionPay believes that commercial banks can take the following measures to prevent and resolve credit risks of small and medium-sized enterprises:
1, attaches great importance to the character and quality of legal representative. Small enterprises are small in scale, and most of them are owned by individuals or families. The personality and quality of legal representatives have a great influence on the risk of bank loans. Especially in the current grim situation, it is even more necessary to prevent business operators from patting their asses and leaving without paying the bill because of frustration. Therefore, in credit risk management, the account manager should pay close attention to the personal character and quality of the legal representative of the enterprise, strengthen the monitoring of the legal representative's daily behavior and collect information, and regard it as an important reference index for bank loan access. Enterprises whose legal representatives misbehave, even if they are well-run and seemingly safe, should be included in risk monitoring to ensure the safety of credit assets.
2. pass? Curve? Strategy, strengthen the understanding of small enterprises. Implicit debt is called implicit, which means it is generally invisible. However, one truth prevailed. Loan officers can only obtain the real information of private financing of enterprises in a roundabout way. Enterprises cannot develop independently and must have their own living soil. It is a shortcut to comprehensively analyze the capital flow of enterprises and their surrounding business owners.
3. Pay attention to the status of industries and enterprises. Under the current situation, account managers should, on the premise of accurately grasping macroeconomic policies, strengthen the analysis of business activities of enterprises, find out potential risk points and uncertain factors, and pay special attention to them. In particular, we should pay attention to important risk signals such as unsalable products, increased inventory and accounts receivable, and extremely tight funds, do a good job in tracking and monitoring, keep abreast of the dynamic situation of enterprises, promptly warn of risks when necessary, and take targeted measures quickly.
4. Pay attention to the source of corporate repayment. First, the customer's loan needs to be fully mortgaged. Second, it is necessary to comprehensively investigate and analyze the profitability of enterprises, determine their normal repayment sources, and provide a strong guarantee for loan repayment. Third, it is necessary to strengthen the investigation of whether enterprises participate in private lending and other sources of funds, fully grasp the chain of corporate funds and debts, and improve the security of loans.
For enterprises with weak first repayment ability, it needs to be considered from many aspects. First of all, it is necessary to distinguish whether the lack of cash flow of enterprises is due to the large investment in fixed assets or the poor blood supply system of enterprises caused by improper business strategies; The quarterly interest settlement is not timely because the long-term investment of the enterprise leads to the temporary failure of capital turnover, or because the financial situation of the enterprise deteriorates and it is unable to recover the defeat. These are all problems worthy of further study. Whether to support or resolutely avoid high risks depends on different situations.
There is a very common concept: although the first repayment ability is not strong, if the customer's mortgage (pledge) is full and the mortgage rate is low, the first repayment ability condition can be relaxed. In addition to the real estate mortgage that seems to preserve the value in China today? Safe loan? In any case, what banks have to do is to return to the original intention of starting point loans. Indeed, when issuing loans, banks should not just follow the process mechanically, but should look back from time to time to see if there is anything that deviates from the original purpose of the bank's loan. If the loan amount changes, it should be adjusted as needed to finally determine the loan amount; If the payment cycle is adjusted, whether revolving loans can be used, and so on. The purpose of bank loans is to make enterprises develop in a good trend, rather than hoping to recover the principal and interest through the second repayment source. The emergence of the transition from the start-up growth period to the mature development period is the first source of repayment that is reliable, stable and gradually rising. The first source of repayment can be temporarily weak, but not always weak. The ultimate goal is to make enterprises bigger and stronger, which is also the original intention of financial institutions to support small enterprises.
5. Master the loan method flexibly. Because enterprises often stop production, the demand for working capital is also different. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt the method of periodic circulating working capital loan. Enterprises receive large orders, raw materials, machinery and equipment, labor and other costs increase, and the corresponding loan amount increases; In the off-season of enterprise business, the capital demand is small, and the corresponding loan amount is also small. If the limited funds are used in the cutting edge, the financial cost burden of small enterprises is also small. In addition, it may be cumbersome for an enterprise to use working capital loans for the first time, but it will be much more convenient to renew loans within a limited amount later, which can reduce unnecessary expenses in time and energy.