Skarn ore belt is located in the east of Qinling fold system. The exposed stratum on the surface is the Lower Paleozoic Liushanyan Formation, which is a set of metamorphic migmatized spilite porphyry formations. The axial direction of Tiaoshan-Tieshanmiao anticline is northwest-southeast, and the iron ore is divided into two zones, namely, south zone and north zone, which are respectively distributed in the northeast wing and southwest wing of the anticline. The southern belt is distributed in the area of Tieshidang-Fe-Al cave, and iron minerals are located at the edge of mixed granite. Skarn in amphibolite schist of Liushan Formation is small in scale and low in grade. The northern belt is distributed in Tiaoshan-Tieshan Temple area, where important iron deposits are produced, such as Tiaoshan, Tieshan Temple, Baoshiya and Yinshan Iron Mine. Ore bodies occur in green curtain diopside skarn in marble or altered amphibolite schist at the bottom of marble, and some of them can be used as open hearth rich ores, especially Tiaoshan and Tieshanmiao iron mines, which are the iron deposits with the highest ore grade in Henan Province.
The iron ore in this skarn belt is shallow buried, and some of it is exposed to the surface. Some iron ores have been discovered, mined and smelted by the ancients. There are ancient mining adits in Tiaoshan and Tieshanmiao iron mines, ancient mining pits in Tieshidang iron mine and ancient smelting slag near Tieshanmiao. However, the exact age of ancient mining and smelting has not been tested. It is said that Tieshan Temple was mined in the Han Dynasty and also in the Qing Dynasty, but the legend is not enough.
After the founding of New China, a systematic geological and mineral survey was conducted in this area. At the beginning of 1955, the Central South Geological Bureau of the Ministry of Geology set up a 46 1 geological team to meet the needs of the country to build an iron and steel industrial base in the Central Plains, and sent an iron ore pre-survey team to carry out work, and found some iron ore spots in this area. 1956, 46 1 team sent more than a dozen iron ore exploration teams to Henan province to look for iron ore. Among them, the tenth group, headed by Xie Mingfang and Liu Taoming, worked in the northern foot of Tongbai Mountain in southern Henan, and teachers of Northeast Geological Exploration Institute, Jiang Yongnian and Zhang Shuye, led students to participate in this group's work. They filled in the geological map of the route of1∶ 200,000, and combined with the people's report, they searched for minerals in the route. Make a visual sketch of the discovered mine from1:1000 to1:1000. Discovered in Tongbai-Biyang area (including that discovered by the pre-investigation team last year), Tieshan Temple, Tiaoshan, Tielv Cave, Tieshidang and other 10 iron deposits are described. 1956, 10 submitted the geological survey of Tongbai mountain area in Henan province (iron ore investigation report). It is pointed out that skarn is distributed in the area from Tieshan Temple in Tongbai to Tiaoshan in Biyang, and Tieshan Temple and other iron ores are Daye-type iron ores formed by high-temperature hydrothermal metasomatism.
During the period of 1955, team Peking University/team kloc-0/03 of Geophysical Exploration Bureau of the Ministry of Geology conducted 1∶65438+ 10,000 aeromagnetic survey in southern Henan, and found 5 magnetic anomaly zones and 6 high magnetic anomaly areas. Biyang Tiaoshan-Tongbai Tieshan Temple is one of the high magnetic anomaly areas. The following year, the team of Peking University 107 carried out ground magnetic survey on the aeromagnetic anomalies discovered by the team of 103, and submitted the geophysical exploration results reports of the team of Peking University 103 and 107 of the Geophysical Exploration Bureau of the Ministry of Geology, which provided detailed geophysical data for further prospecting and exploration in this area.
107 team made detailed work on key anomalies when checking aeromagnetic anomalies. A detailed magnetic survey of 1∶5000 was conducted in Tieshan Temple, maoji Township, Tongbai County. At the same time, the survey team of Team 479 of Central South Geological Bureau cooperated with Team 107 to inspect aeromagnetic anomalies and evaluate Tieshanmiao Iron Mine. It is considered that this area is a skarn-type iron deposit formed by amphibolite schist and marble granite intrusion. According to the iron ore outcrop and the old adit, combined with the detailed magnetic survey data of 107 team, three ore bodies were circled, and the geological reserves of iron ore were estimated to be 900,000 tons.
During the period of 1957, Sun Changjun and Ma from Wuyang Geological Team of Henan Geological Bureau, together with interns from Nanjing and An Geological School, made a general survey and evaluation of Tieshanmiao Iron Mine, conducted a1∶ 50,000 geological survey of its periphery, and submitted the Geological Report of Tieshanmiao Iron Mine in Tongbai County, Henan Province. It is considered that Biyang-Tongbai skarn belt is distributed from northwest to southeast, with a length of 100 km.
1958 65438+ 10, Sun et al., Team 4 of Geological Exploration Team of Henan Metallurgical Industry Bureau explored Tieshanmiao Iron Mine, and submitted the geological report of Tieshanmiao Iron Mine in Tongbai County, Henan Province in June 5438+February, enclosing three ore bodies and obtaining a reserve of 950,000 tons.
From June1959165438+10 to August 1960, Jin Shouwen and Chen Shouhuan of Team Yu 12 of Henan Geological Bureau re-explored Tieshanmiao Iron Mine and submitted the preliminary exploration report of Tieshanmiao Iron Mine in Tongbai County, Henan Province. 1, No.2 and No.3 ore bodies have proven reserves of 2.08 million tons, which is more than the original proven reserves of metallurgical geological team 165438+ 10,000 tons. The average grade of ore is 57%, which is a rich iron deposit.
During the period of 1972- 1974, Chen Shouhuan and Huang, the ninth team of Henan Geological Bureau, made supplementary exploration of Tieshanmiao Iron Mine and submitted the Preliminary Exploration Report of Tieshanmiao Iron Mine Area in Tongbai County, Henan Province. It is pointed out that the genetic type of the deposit belongs to the high-temperature hydrothermal skarn type related to migmatization, and four ore bodies, No.0, 1, No.2 and No.3, are identified, with an ore reserve of 2.38 million tons.
1September 1977 to1February 1978, Jiao Liye, the eighth team of Henan Geological Bureau, made a detailed survey of the southeast section of Tieshanmiao iron mine area, and obtained a prospective reserve of 260,000 tons. It has increased by 80,000 tons.
Tiaoshan Iron Mine is located in Magutian Township, Biyang County, the western section of Tongbai-Biyang skarn belt, and its geological exploration began after the founding of New China. In 1956, Ye, the technical director of Team 46 1 of Central South Geological Bureau, wrote a Brief Introduction to Geology and Minerals of Tongbai Mountain and Dabie Mountain in Henan Province, which mentioned that there were 19 ancient caves in Shan Zhinan of Tiaoshangou, and the magnetite minerals were in skarn, belonging to Daye-type high-temperature hydrothermal deposits.
During the period of 1958, Zhengzhou Geological School, Beijing Geological Exploration Institute, Changchun Geological School and Biyang County Geological Team jointly formed an exploration team to explore Tiaoshan Iron Mine. Geological Report of Tiaoshan Iron Ore District, Magutian County, Henan Province, compiled by Wang, Wang and Wang. It is pointed out that Tiaoshan Iron Mine is composed of four ore belts, and the prospective ore reserves are roughly estimated to be 3 million tons.
1959, 1960, 19 1 year, the Geophysical Exploration Brigade of Henan Geological Bureau (1959, called Henan Geophysical Exploration Team) carried out/kloc-in the Xinyang-Tongbai-Biyang skarn belt within hundreds of square kilometers. In addition to checking the aeromagnetic anomalies detected by the 907 aerial survey team of the Ministry of Geology at 1960, detailed magnetic surveys at1:5000 and1:2000 were carried out in mines and key abnormal areas. Infer and explain the anomalies, and submit three reports every year, including the Report on the Detailed Investigation Results of Tongbai-Biyang Ground Magnetic Survey in Henan Province. It is pointed out that the magnetic anomaly value of Tiaoshan is very high and the geological conditions are favorable for mineralization. According to geophysical exploration estimation, the reserves of Tiaoshan Iron Mine are 6.5438+500,000 tons.
During the period of 1960, Zhang Zengjie, the twelfth team of Henan Geological Bureau, and others formed a survey team to cooperate with the geophysical team to check the anomaly of Tiaoshan. 1∶2000 magnetic survey was carried out in the mining area, and the geological map of the same scale was filled in and the anomalies were verified by drilling. Iron ore was found in the deep part. 196 1 year submitted the report on geophysical exploration results of tiaoshan gully in magutian county, Henan province and the preliminary exploration report of tiaoshan iron mine in Biyang county, Henan province. The proven iron ore reserves of six ore bodies are 6,543,800 tons+0,580 tons.
1September, 1965 to1967+05438+September, the 19th team of Henan Geological Bureau rechecked Tiaoshan Iron Mine, drilled three ore bodies and submitted reports, which actually increased the reserves by180,000 tons.
1970, No.9 Geological Team (formerly No.19 Team) of Henan Geological Bureau explored Tiaoshan Iron Mine in Jindianyuan. Through comprehensive means such as geophysical prospecting, geology and prospecting, it is found that there are three ore zones A, B and C in the mining area. No ore bodies with industrial value have been found in zone C, and there are 12 ore bodies in zones A and B ... among them, six ore bodies have been newly discovered. The proven reserves of the original discovered ore bodies have also increased. 1 February, 973, in order to meet the needs of mine design, the intermediate report of Biyang Tiaoshan iron ore district1orebody was submitted. The largest ore body in this mining area 1 ore body, industrial reserve has been proved to be 654.38+870,000 tons, with a prospective reserve of 530,000 tons. 1979 submitted a detailed geological survey report of Tiaoshan iron mine area in Biyang County, Henan Province, and finally proved ore reserves of 40 1 10,000 tons. Among them, industrial reserve has 2.64 million tons. It is the largest iron deposit in the skarn ore belt, rich in ore, with an average grade of 55%.
Baoshiya Iron Mine, located in the west of Huanggang Township, Tongbai County, is an outcrop deposit. 1955, team 479 of Central South Geological Bureau cooperated with geophysical prospecting team 107 to carry out1∶ 50,000 surface magnetic survey and ore occurrence inspection. During the period of 1958, the teachers and students of Zhengzhou Geological School and Nanyang Mine Newspaper Committee * * * carried out mine occurrence inspection. Someone took advantage of the steel industry. 1959 ~ 65438+February, with the cooperation of geophysical prospecting team, the 12th team of Henan Geological Bureau conducted a general survey and evaluation of the mine, exposed the surface engineering and drilled five shallow holes. The general survey and exploration report of Baoshiya Iron Mine in Tongbai County, Henan Province was compiled, and the ore reserves were 1, 0 1, 000 tons. At 1972, the ninth team of Henan Geological Bureau drilled five more holes in the mine.
Due to historical conditions, the geological work done by the No.12 Team of Henan Province can not reach the exploration level of the submitted graded reserves, and the submitted reserves can only be regarded as prospective reserves. Therefore, in June1978165438+10, Jiaoliye, Team 8 and Team 6 of Henan Geological Bureau and Geophysical Exploration Team, re-evaluated Baoshiya Iron Mine. On the basis of predecessors' work, the team conducted a geological survey of 1∶ 1000 in the mining area, dug 405 cubic meters of exploratory trenches, drilled 3,927 meters with new boreholes of 15, and * * * proved the prospective reserves of lean iron ore of 3 million tons. 198 1 submitted the Geological Report of General Survey of Baoshiya Iron Mine Area in Tongbai County, Henan Province.
In addition to the above-mentioned Tieshan Temple, Tiaoshan and Baoshiya deposits, Team 9, Team 12 and Team 19 of Henan Geological Bureau successively conducted iron deposits (points) in the skarn belt such as Yinshan, Luo Peng, Madao, Tielv Cave, North Guo Zhuang, Miaohouzhuang, Huanglou, Laomanshan, Huoshen Temple and Houxiong Laozhuang. In this way, the Tongbai-Biyang skarn iron ore belt has accumulated tens of millions of tons of iron ore reserves.
The iron ore in Tongbai-Biyang skarn belt has been developed and utilized. Tieshanmiao Iron Mine and Tiaoshan Iron Mine are rich iron mines successively mined by Xinyang Iron and Steel Plant, and they are the raw material suppliers of Xinyang Iron and Steel Plant. Xinyang Iron and Steel Plant has developed into the most important iron and steel enterprise in southern Henan, with more than 4,000 employees and an annual output of more than 200,000 tons of iron. Yinshan Xiaofu Iron Mine is mined by Tongbai County, and Baoshiya Iron Mine has a concentrator with an annual processing capacity of 654.38 million tons. Other iron mines also have a large number of civilian mining. It can be said that skarn iron ore in this area and skarn iron ore in anlin area are the best mining areas in Henan Province. The development of iron ore in this area has played an important role in getting rid of poverty and revitalizing the local economy.