Loan is a common financial business between banks, which is a bond formed by banks lending funds directly to debtors. Broadly speaking, loan is the general term for borrowing funds such as discount and overdraft. The repayment method of the loan is agreed by the borrower and the borrower in the loan contract, which is generally divided into one-time principal and interest repayment method, regular interest repayment method, equal principal and interest repayment method, average principal repayment method, lagging equal principal and interest repayment method, lagging average principal repayment method and other repayment methods.

Personal loans are mainly divided into personal consumption loans, personal business loans, personal housing loans, personal car loans, personal student loans and so on. Among them, individual housing loans are divided into three types, namely, individual housing commercial loans, housing provident fund loans and individual housing portfolio loans. Personal portfolio loan is a combination of personal housing commercial loan and housing provident fund loan.

Personal housing loan is a loan issued by the bank to the borrower for the purchase of housing. When banks issue personal housing loans, borrowers must choose to provide guarantees. If the borrower fails to repay the loan principal and interest at maturity, the bank has the right to dispose of the borrower's collateral according to law. Moreover, if the borrower fails to repay the loan principal and interest due, the overdue record will be uploaded to the personal credit information system of the People's Bank of China by the bank, which will affect the personal credit record.

Personal auto loan refers to the loan business initiated by a banking institution with the right to start auto loan business to individual borrowers, including personal auto loan and personal commercial vehicle loan. To apply for a personal car loan, you need to be over 18 years old, have full capacity for civil conduct and have a legal identity card.

Personal student loan refers to the RMB loan business provided by the bank to students who are receiving higher education or preparing to receive training from various education and training institutions, their immediate family members and legal guardians. The National Development Bank has set up credit loans for poor students. Student-origin credit loan refers to a loan issued by the China Development Bank and applied by eligible freshmen from poor families to the Student Financial Assistance Management Center.

What is a financial loan?

Financial loan means borrowing money from banks, and borrowing money from individuals or pawn shops is called borrowing. Whether it is a financial loan or a bank loan, it is a common saying.

Finance refers to the economic activities in which banks, securities or insurance companies raise funds from market entities and lend them to other market entities. Broadly speaking, all capital flows generated by the government, individuals, organizations and other market entities through raising, distributing and using funds can be called finance. Therefore, not only the financial industry, but also the government's finance, the behavior of industrial enterprises and personal financial management are all part of finance. Finance can be regarded as three economic behaviors: fund raising and distribution (financing), investment and financing (borrowing money to buy stocks). It refers to the issuance, circulation and withdrawal of money, the issuance and recovery of loans, the deposit and withdrawal, and the exchange of foreign exchange.

I. Basic introduction

Loan refers to a form of credit activity in which banks or other financial institutions lend monetary funds at a certain interest rate and must return them. The simple and popular understanding is to borrow money with interest.

Loans in a broad sense refer to loans, discounts, overdrafts and other borrowing funds. Banks put concentrated money and monetary funds out through loans, which can meet the needs of social expansion and reproduction and promote economic development; At the same time, banks can also obtain loan interest income and increase their own accumulation.

Second, the principle of sex

The "three principles" refer to safety, liquidity and efficiency, and are the fundamental principles of commercial banks' loan operation. Article 4 of People's Republic of China (PRC) Commercial Bank Law stipulates: "Commercial banks should operate independently, bear their own risks, be responsible for their own profits and losses, and be self-disciplined, and take safety, liquidity and efficiency as their operating principles."

1. Loan security is the primary problem faced by commercial banks.

2. Liquidity refers to the ability to recover the loan according to the predetermined period or realize it quickly without loss of land, so as to meet the needs of customers to withdraw deposits at any time.

3. Efficiency is the basis of sustainable operation of banks.

For example, if a long-term loan is issued, the interest rate will be higher than that of a short-term loan, and the benefit will be good. However, if the loan term is long, the risk will increase, the security will decrease and the liquidity will weaken. Therefore, the "three natures" should be harmonious, so that there can be no problem with the loan.

What does financial loan mean?

Financial credit, also known as financial loans, refers to loans obtained by enterprises, institutions and residents from financial institutions because of the demand for final products.

Current situation of financial loans

This year, we will selectively increase credit support for key industrial projects in the western region, develop new credit varieties, expand service areas, and improve the level of financial services.

In the coming period, China Development Bank will focus on supporting the development of the western region. Since the establishment of China Development Bank five years ago, loans to the central and western regions have accounted for more than 60% of the annual loans.

From June 5, 2000 to 10, China Development Bank established Lanzhou Branch, covering Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia and other regions. This is the strategic decision of China Development Bank to implement the development of the central and western regions, and supporting Gansu, Qinghai and Ningxia is an important measure for the social and economic development of the two provinces.

In the future, the Development Bank will increase its loan support to two provinces and one district in infrastructure construction, ecological environment protection, characteristic economic development, scientific development and sustainable development. Technical education, and provide intellectual support.

On February 17, 2000, Chengdu Branch of China Development Bank reached a package agreement with the Sichuan Provincial Government to provide 53 billion yuan in loans to Sichuan Province to support transportation, communication networks, water conservancy projects, high-tech and urban construction, of which the first loan was 3.8 billion yuan.

Extended data:

Advantages of financial loans

1, the loan period is long and the interest rate is low, which is suitable for public infrastructure construction with long domestic investment period and slow economic benefits.

Among them, the loan from the International Development Association is the most favorable; Although the World Bank loan charges interest and has a short term, it is still favorable compared with the general international commercial credit conditions, and is suitable for construction projects that need long-term development, such as electric power, water conservancy and transportation facilities.

For real estate enterprises that invest in infrastructure and other construction projects that need long-term development, if they can successfully apply for loans from international financial organizations, not only the project can be carried out as scheduled, but also the quality of the project and the benefits of the enterprise can be guaranteed.

2, conducive to the formulation, development and implementation of the overall planning.

The international financial organization decides whether to approve the application of the loan plan according to the development priority of the loan plan in the borrowing country. Usually, they will send experts to investigate the economic situation and loan plan of the borrowing country first, and then assist in the feasibility study and draw up the overall plan. Only after the feasibility study and economic evaluation are satisfactory can they approve the loan.

During the planning period, it is necessary to send personnel to visit the site to evaluate the progress, which is helpful to the formulation, development and implementation of the overall plan of the country receiving the loan. Real estate enterprises should make their own development plans according to the overall planning of their own countries and regions, successfully pass the planning evaluation and obtain loans.

3. It improves the position of private enterprises in international business and promotes the inflow of international private funds.

International finance companies have very strict standards for nuclear loans or investment in private enterprises, so the status of the enterprises that receive loans in international business has also been greatly improved. After the successful investment, the IFC can transfer its equity to other foreign investors, which can guide the inflow of foreign private funds.

Successfully applying for loans from international financial organizations can become a passport for domestic real estate enterprises to enter the international stage and lay a good foundation for financing in the international financial market in the future.

4. High-quality equipment and equipment can be obtained through loan procurement.

International financial organizations purchase equipment and equipment by means of international bidding. Due to international competition, the purchased materials are of high quality and low price. Domestic real estate enterprises can take advantage of this international bidding and purchasing opportunity to greatly update their equipment and improve their labor productivity, so as to maintain or improve their leading position.