What are the "non-malicious" dishonest behaviors of SMEs?
Due to the imperfection of the whole social credit mechanism, quite a few enterprises have become dishonest enterprises. In addition to malicious fraud and evasion of debts, what are the performances of good operators being turned into dishonest enterprises?
1, capital shell
When some enterprises register, they try their best to increase their capital in order to make loans more convenient in the future. Science and technology enterprises can't get loans for more than three years, so come to me for loans. I look at the report, the registered capital is 3 million, and the market is in short supply, but the long-term investment is 6.5438+0 million, and the short-term investment is 6.5438+0 million. At present, in order to meet the market demand, a loan of 2 million yuan is urgently needed. It stands to reason that enterprise products have a market and benefits and should get loans, but why can't they get loans for two years? I asked: Since your own products are so good, why do you want to "play" 2 million for others? And others "play" but get nothing? The operator has been touched on a sore spot-the paid-in capital of the enterprise should be only 1 10,000. How can 654.38+00000 return empty-handed (2 million)? My suggestion: it's not difficult to borrow 600 thousand first and do some credit. In this way, the contradiction between enterprises is temporarily solved.
2. Tax evasion
A business owner found me, "our product order has been booked in 2006, and the sales are very good, but there is a shortage of funds." Please lend me some money. " I look at the report, the annual sales volume is 560 million, the annual profit is 654.38+0.09 million, and the net profit rate of sales is only 0.00 19%. I said your profit is so low, what else can you do? Working for a bank (paying interest) is not enough. What money do you borrow? The boss immediately admitted that "it's a little small, I hid the profits." In order to pay less taxes, I wrote less income. " Since you are dishonest, how dare I lend you money? Then can't you play with me? As far as I know, there are quite a few similar enterprises. Most enterprises are equipped with eight sets of reports and perform different operations for different objects. Do you dare to make such friends?
3, holding a golden doll can't make money.
The most typical one is a technology-based enterprise, and the operators hold a lot of certificates: national innovation certificate, A-level certificate of technology-based enterprise, national patent certificate, international search report certificate, user recognition certificate and so on. This kind of enterprise is mainly composed of scientists and patent inventors, and several intellectuals add up to 180 thousand. Together with intangible assets, the registered capital can reach 6.5438+0 million yuan, and bank loans of 6 million yuan and 8 million yuan are needed. "My own expenses are spent on research and development. There must be a market for my products. Please lend me money. " Can banks lend money? According to the national regulations, the loan from a bank to an enterprise generally cannot exceed 1~ 1.5 times of its capital or net assets, that is, if you have 1 10,000, I can support you at most 1.5,000. The operator is unhappy: "My product needs at least 6 million yuan to start." I propose: "Since the product is so good, I will introduce you to my partner, and you will pay for the technology." "That can't do. This golden doll is my life's work. I spent my whole life on this product. I can't bear to share my achievements. " How pitiful! It's been more than ten years, and your product has not been launched yet. If we wait another two years, the patent will lose its protection period. Everyone can enjoy this intellectual property right, so what else can you do?
4, accounts receivable or inventory is too large.
There are many companies whose products are really good and the market is good. Fatally, enterprises with a capital of 3 million have accounts receivable as high as 9 million. The boss said that business depends on friends' help, so I'm embarrassed to ask for accounts receivable. More than six months is very dangerous; After more than a year, you will have bad debts, and you will work for others for nothing. People in the IT industry are engaged in computers, with an inventory of more than 5 million. They also urged banks to borrow money. Your computer has been in stock for more than three months. Who wants it? Why is there only one way to go to Huashan-just look for a bank? It is better to discover the loopholes in your management as soon as possible. What are the bank loans?
Generally speaking, the bank's credit to enterprises mainly examines four aspects:
1, bank credit
Including settlement credit and loan credit:
Settlement credit refers to the normal cash settlement of the enterprise applying for a loan, and there are no bad records such as violation of settlement discipline, refund, bill refund and fine. Loan credit means that the enterprise applying for a loan has a good willingness to repay, has borrowed from the bank, and has no insolvency such as loans overdue and interest default.
In particular, the boss must pay attention to finance personally. Some enterprises forgot the repayment date because of a moment's negligence. Once the repayment period has passed, it will become overdue and become the "blacklist" of the banking system (Shanghai's banking system is networked). You are suddenly "dark", and the whole city knows. Even if you think about it the next day, it's hard to ask for a rain check. Even if the president wants to help you, there is nothing he can do. Remember: it is not difficult to borrow again after borrowing and returning!
2. Commercial credit: The enterprise applying for loans can abide by the promises of the merchants and will not breach the contract in the performance of the contract and the settlement of accounts payable and debts.
3. Financial credit: accounting standards and accounting statements are true and credible, assets are true, and there is no cash withdrawal or other fraud.
4. Tax credit: the enterprise can pay the tax payable on time, and there is no bad record such as tax evasion. The above are the four principles for banks to inspect the creditworthiness of borrowing enterprises. Enterprises should also grasp the following 12 indicators: financial structure:
1. Ratio of net assets to annual outstanding loans. Must be greater than 100% (real estate enterprises can be greater than 80%).
2. Asset-liability ratio. It must be less than 70%, preferably less than 55%.
Solvency:
3. Current ratio. Generally speaking, the larger the index, the stronger the short-term solvency of enterprises. Usually the index is 150%~200%.
4. Quick ratio. In general, the greater the index, the stronger the short-term solvency of enterprises. Usually the index is around 100%, and SMEs should be above 80%.
5. Guarantee ratio. Enterprises should minimize the risk of loss. Generally speaking, the ratio is less than 0.5.
Cash flow:
6. The net cash flow generated by the business activities of the enterprise should be positive, and the cash withdrawal rate of its sales income should be above 85~95%.
7. When an enterprise pays for purchased goods in business activities, the cash payment rate of labor services should be above 85~95%.
Operating ability:
8. Growth rate of main business income. Generally speaking, if the annual growth rate of main business income is not less than 8%, it means that the main business of the enterprise is in the growth stage. If the ratio is less than -5%, it means that the product will enter the end of its life.
9. Turnover speed of accounts receivable. The average enterprise should be more than six times. Generally speaking, the higher the turnover rate of enterprise accounts receivable, the shorter the average collection period of enterprise accounts receivable, and the faster the speed of fund withdrawal.
10, the turnover rate of deposits and loans, generally small and medium-sized enterprises should be more than five times. The faster the inventory turnover rate, the lower the inventory occupancy level and the stronger the liquidity.
Operational benefits:
1 1, operating profit rate, which indicates the profit level of annual operating income and reflects the comprehensive profitability of the enterprise. Generally speaking, the index should be greater than 8%. Of course, the greater the index value, the stronger the comprehensive profitability of the enterprise.
12, the current return on equity of SMEs should be greater than 5%. Generally speaking, the higher the index value, the higher the return from investment and the higher the income level of shareholders. How do SMEs get loans?
Now it is obvious that small and medium-sized enterprises, especially private small and medium-sized enterprises, have difficulty in financing. Relatively speaking, small and medium-sized enterprises are vulnerable groups in society and need the support of all sectors of society. The recently promulgated Law on the Promotion of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises provides a legal guarantee for the healthy development of small and medium-sized enterprises. The operator should do the following:
1, behave yourself and never deviate.
As the operators of small and medium-sized enterprises, we must attach importance to the market value of honesty and strive to establish the external integrity image of enterprises from now on. We must abide by the rules, operate legally, never deviate from the rules, be smart, be honest and trustworthy. The honest image of the enterprise will accompany you all your life and bring you unexpected wealth.
2, slow and steady, step by step to win.
In order to live within our means, we must first calculate the profit point and repayment ability, and don't ask for a loan of 2 million for 500 thousand funds. The loan period is also realistic. Don't guarantee that you can pay back the money in one year: "six months is enough." In addition, the limited funds should focus on the main business, and do not require all-round flowering, all-round results, and eating into a fat man.
3. Master tools and use them flexibly.
Facing the trend of economic globalization, it is not enough for operators to know their own products, but also to learn financial management knowledge, be familiar with financial tools and operate financial products flexibly. For example, there are many kinds of bank loans, such as movable property and real estate mortgage loans, patent intellectual property mortgage loans, factory equipment mortgage loans, natural person property mortgage or guarantee loans, export tax rebate mortgage loans, standard warehouse receipt mortgage loans and so on. For import and export enterprises, they can also use various bank trade financing flexibly, such as bill discount, letter of credit, buyer's credit and letter of guarantee.
There are also many financing channels for enterprises, including direct financing and indirect financing. For direct financing, science and technology enterprises can strive for national innovation fund funding and interest subsidies; You can also attract partners, participate in shares, and strengthen alliances. Indirect financing, if you need to purchase large equipment, you can engage in financial leasing; If short-term funds are in short supply, you can change positions at the pawnshop. In short, all roads lead to Rome, depending on how you use them flexibly.
4. recognize relatives and make friends until the end.
Some enterprises mistakenly believe that it is convenient to borrow money after making friends with banks, so that they open accounts in more than a dozen banks. Regardless of the "capital cost" of each account, just saying "emotional cost" is enough for you to cope with. Enterprises should choose nearby banks that you think serve well to open accounts and settle accounts. This has the advantage of centralized fund settlement, so that banks can see that your trade is booming and your sincerity is seen. The more you let the bank know about you, the more you can make friends and even become a friend in need. The bank knows everything about you and is willing to help you at a critical moment.
As an operator, we should put an end to all kinds of problems mentioned above, establish integrity and be able to