Reference answer:
(1) The professional level of non-performing loan management is not high. Some branches of commercial banks have not set up special asset disposal departments or equipped with full-time asset disposal personnel, and the disposal of non-performing loans is still the responsibility of the credit market department or the credit management department. On the one hand, it is easy to cause moral hazard of internal employees, on the other hand, it will affect the efficiency and effect of non-performing loans disposal.
(2) The vertical management of non-performing loans has not been realized. At present, the management of non-performing loans in most commercial banks in China is still dominated by the management mode of "combination of sectors and priority of sectors", which is not conducive to the effective management of non-performing loans.
(3) The supervision system has not really played its due role. Generally speaking, there are still some problems in the internal audit of commercial banks in China, such as weak independence, insufficient authority, and insufficient auditors and means, which have greatly affected the effective development of internal audit and failed to give full play to the supervision function of internal audit.
(4) The informatization level of NPL management is low. At present, most commercial banks in China have not established a unified credit information management system covering off-balance-sheet loans, corporate loans and personal loans. Coupled with the lack of historical data accumulation and professional information analysts and means, the informatization level of non-performing loan management in commercial banks in China is not high, which affects the effect of non-performing loan management.
Two, please combine the actual work, talk about your understanding and thinking about the problems existing in the management of non-performing loans in the domestic banking industry.
(1) The professional level of non-performing loan management is not high. Some branches of commercial banks have not set up special asset disposal departments or equipped with full-time asset disposal personnel, and the disposal of non-performing loans is still the responsibility of the credit market department or the credit management department. On the one hand, it is easy to cause moral hazard of internal employees, on the other hand, it will affect the efficiency and effect of non-performing loans disposal. (2) The vertical management of non-performing loans has not been realized. At present, the management of non-performing loans in most commercial banks in China is still dominated by the management mode of "combination of sectors and priority of sectors", which is not conducive to the effective management of non-performing loans. (3) The supervision system has not really played its due role. Generally speaking, there are still some problems in the internal audit of commercial banks in China, such as weak independence, insufficient authority, and insufficient auditors and means, which have greatly affected the effective development of internal audit and failed to give full play to the supervision function of internal audit. (4) The informatization level of NPL management is low. At present, most commercial banks in China have not established a unified credit information management system covering off-balance-sheet loans, corporate loans and personal loans. Coupled with the lack of historical data accumulation and professional information analysts and means, the informatization level of non-performing loan management in commercial banks in China is not high, which affects the effect of non-performing loan management.
Three. What are your views and suggestions on the bank's non-performing loan loss provision?
The international standard of NPL ratio warning line is 10%, and the domestic standard is 15%. Banks all over the world are facing the problem of bad debts, so are the state-owned commercial banks in China. State-owned commercial banks are in a dominant position in China's financial system, and the problem of non-performing loans has seriously troubled China's reform and development. The causes of non-performing loans of state-owned commercial banks are complicated. It mainly includes the following aspects: First, state-owned enterprises lose money. The real economy is the foundation of the virtual economy, which is the embodiment of the real economy. The non-performing loans of state-owned banks not only reflect the poor management of state-owned banks, but also show that state-owned enterprises have suffered serious losses. The main reasons for the losses of state-owned enterprises are institutional defects, backward management, excessive debts and corporate social functions, and institutional defects are the fundamental reasons. Second, the financial softening of state-owned enterprises, bank subsidies for corporate losses, and excessive expansion of enterprises. The third is the softening of bank constraints. Banks have diversified goals, not only issuing general commercial loans, but also issuing policy loans. In order to maintain social stability and maintain the survival of enterprises, state-owned banks have issued a large number of loans to make up for the losses of enterprises. State-owned banks implement hierarchical management, which has serious information asymmetry and weakened self-restraint. Because the state provides a guarantee for depositors' deposits, depositors do not care about the operation of banks, and depositors' constraints on banks are weakened. Fourth, the planned interest rate has been implemented for a long time, and the interest rate has not played a role in screening projects.
4. How to calculate the disposal rate of non-performing loans?
The calculation formula of NPL ratio is as follows: NPL ratio = (subprime loans, loans with doubtful loan losses)/loan × 100%= loan provision ratio/provision coverage ratio × 100% The NPL ratio of financial institutions is one of the important indicators to evaluate the security of credit assets of financial institutions. The higher the non-performing loan ratio, the greater the proportion of loans that may not be recovered in the total loans; The low rate of non-performing loans indicates that the proportion of loans that financial institutions cannot recover is smaller. The definition of a normal loan is that the borrower can perform the contract and there is no sufficient reason to suspect that the principal and interest of the loan cannot be repaid in full and on time. The definition of concern loan is that although the borrower has the ability to repay the principal and interest of the loan, there are some factors that may adversely affect the repayment. The definition of subprime loan is that the borrower's repayment ability has obvious problems, and it is impossible to repay the loan principal and interest in full by relying entirely on its normal operating income. Even if the guarantee is implemented, it may cause certain losses. The definition of suspicious loan is that the borrower can't repay the principal and interest of the loan in full, and even if the guarantee is implemented, it will definitely cause great losses. Loss loan refers to a loan whose principal and interest cannot be recovered or only a small part can be recovered after all possible measures or all necessary legal procedures are taken. After classifying all kinds of loans, the following three types of loans are classified as non-performing loans. Various loans refer to the assets formed by banking financial institutions issuing monetary funds to borrowers. It mainly includes loans, trade financing, bill financing, financial leasing, buying resale assets from non-financial institutions, overdrafts and various advances.