China's ancient architecture is a unique national architectural treasure in the world's architectural treasure house and a wonderful flower in the world's architectural art field. With the deepening of China's reform and opening up, especially after its accession to the WTO, China's profound culture has won the admiration of people all over the world. Therefore, China pays more and more attention to the restoration, repair, new construction and reconstruction of ancient buildings, and various antique garden buildings are constantly emerging. The author once participated in the reconstruction of the World Bank loan project, which is also a large-scale ancient architectural complex in China in recent years. The author participated in the on-site construction management of the project from the beginning, and got a good understanding of the construction quality and technology of ancient buildings in China, and also put forward some experiences from the perspective of engineering quality control. For the requirements of the construction technology and quality control measures of ancient buildings in China, there are no normative mandatory provisions and no systematic construction specification texts. We must be familiar with the traditional construction rules and combine the current specifications during construction. The supervision work should pay attention to the following points: First, the supervised construction projects should have the orientation of cultural values and the time and space definition of the antique era. The project we are monitoring should be regarded as the creation of a work of art and the expression of a historical symbol of China culture. With this sense of supervision of cultural taste, it is helpful for us to grasp the direction in the process of supervision. In other words, the construction of ancient buildings is not simply the construction of industrial and civil buildings. The reconstruction, construction and restoration of ancient buildings in China are reshaping the cultural environment, and it is particularly important to grasp its aesthetic value. Second, first of all, we should make good preparations before construction. We should carefully study the drawings, listen to the designer's design purpose and listen to the opinions of experts and scholars; We should listen to the opinions of historians and ethnologists on the reconstruction project. Starting from the main structure of engineering construction, we can generally divide the engineering into foundation engineering, big wood engineering, Joinery Work engineering, roofing engineering, stone engineering, floor engineering and painting decoration engineering. Repeated research on various projects, combined with the organizational design of the construction party, roughly grasp the possible quality hidden dangers in construction, submit preliminary opinions to the construction party, and the designers will discuss with each other to form a scientific and reasonable supervision plan. Thirdly, due to the particularity of ancient buildings, we should pay special attention to construction monitoring and closely track the quality of various engineering departments. Don't ignore the monitoring of each link, and resolutely refuse to enter the construction site for materials that do not meet the quality requirements, especially adhere to the established procedures and principles of material reprocessing. For example, quality control should be strengthened in details such as quicklime curing, wood drying and tile selection. During the construction, a linkage system of quality control should be established, and a linkage system of quality tracking should be formed, with supervision as the main body and the project manager, builder and quality inspector of the construction party responsible at different levels. Fourthly, the engineering quantity measurement in the construction of ancient buildings is more special than other industrial and civil construction projects. Because the construction of ancient buildings, in a sense, activated labor accounts for a larger proportion of investment, there is no systematic, scientific and reasonable reference system for the determination of engineering quantity and the reasonable definition of price in construction. As a construction supervision unit, we serve the owners, and our tasks are investment control, quality control and progress control. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the actual value of each working procedure and each material, so as to carry out notarization evaluation and determine the investment value of each construction project. At present, there is no standard and reasonable quota in the budget and final accounts system of industrial and civil construction projects in China, which is used for investment monitoring and management of ancient buildings, so the detailed engineering construction and special process construction can only be determined on the spot according to the actual work content. To sum up, for the construction supervision of ancient buildings, it is necessary to establish a concept, a set of plans, a system and a good control, so as to systematically play the role of construction supervision in serving the project. Below, the author will elaborate the quality monitoring measures of ancient architecture engineering from different engineering categories. (1) The civil engineering of the ancient building foundation of the Foundation Engineering Department abandoned the traditional construction rules, but adopted the current construction specifications and cast-in-place concrete to construct together with the ground beam structure. As the foundation of ancient buildings, the engineering department generally has abutments and even sumeru mats due to the characteristics of its own buildings and structures, so special attention should be paid to the control of leveling points of each plate in foundation construction. Once the control is wrong, the calculation error will cause the imbalance of the whole building, and the messy and orderly layout of the building will be disrupted; In addition, due to the design of abutment and Sumitomo in ancient buildings, a lot of soil will be taken to backfill the natural floor. In the process of supervision, for the construction of foundation civil engineering, we should always monitor the calibration of horizontal points of each plate and track the quality of soil borrowed by the constructor. Backfill soil is forbidden to be mixed with large pieces of dry soil (50mm) and construction waste, and compacted in layers in strict accordance with design requirements and construction procedures. It is forbidden to use water pressure for one-time compaction. (2) Stone Engineering In the construction of ancient buildings, the amount of stone work is relatively large. From the perspective of foundation construction, many stone members with different names are covered in abutment construction. Secondly, the supporting stone at the lower end of the column is also called the column base. According to its different parts, there are hanging stones, tamping stones and inkstone nests. The above stone components are common in the construction of ancient buildings. No matter what it is called, it is nothing more than a stone, a square stone, a corner stone, a drum mirror stone and so on. Therefore, in the stone construction of ancient buildings, we should first be familiar with the names of various stone components and their different use parts, so as to facilitate our material selection and drilling. In the stone construction of ancient buildings, due to the different design requirements, we will also encounter various stone components. For example, Sumitomo's material selection and construction technology are particularly harsh, among which the waist seal stone, the upper owl stone and the lower owl stone should be carefully chiseled. In order to reflect the overall design effect of ancient buildings, all kinds of stone components in stone construction projects are required to be exquisite and small, and some are rough and bold, which needs us to appreciate and feel during construction. In construction supervision, materials should be selected according to the design requirements and the cultural connotation and historical orientation of the ancient buildings under construction. For different stone components, it is necessary to determine the fineness of their production according to the parts and functions of other devices, and control their cultural connotation and decorative effect. In ancient buildings, stone components are all formed at one time, so the supervision of construction quality is not only a matter of structural stability, but also a matter of aesthetic and cultural value. (3) A remarkable feature of the ancient buildings with Damu as the engineering department is that the timber structure is the main architectural framework, and it is the production and installation of beams, columns, purlins and bucket arches, which are customarily called Damu buildings. In the construction of big wood, the most common quality problem is that the material symbols of wood do not meet the construction requirements, such as rotten wood, wormholes, bending and twisting. Secondly, in the process of making wooden components, the size and position should be accurate. Attention should be paid to the following problems: the chisel of tenon should be in place, and dovetail joint is generally used to insert tenon; The joints between tenon and wood and masonry should be treated with anti-corrosion. In the stage of roof truss installation, it is necessary to carefully check whether the correction of roof truss and the installation of wood components are in place. Supervise the construction party to carry out follow-up inspection. After installation, it is necessary to test whether the ink core size, column beam and square of each part are on the axes that cross each other vertically, that is, "one line reaches the sky" in traditional technology. Generally speaking, the construction of large timber is to strictly control the quality standards of timber entering the site; For the manufactured wooden members, the constructor shall be urged to pile them neatly and put them in a ventilated place. The tenon and mortise should be treated with anti-corrosion; Special attention should be paid to the equidistant installation from the middle to the middle in the production and installation of bucket arches, and the wheelbase must be the same; Installation, correction and riveting of large roof truss piercing bucket. (4) As an ancient building, the roof of the Roof Engineering Department is generally nothing more than a palace, a resting mountain, a hanging mountain, a hard mountain and a crowded point; No matter what kind of roof, it is composed of roof, tile surface, positive ridge, double ridge, roof, roof and corner ridge. Therefore, for roof construction, it is necessary to have a comprehensive understanding of traditional construction technology, roof tiles and various roofs. Due to the different grades of houses, the roof changes of ancient buildings are also different. For the quality control of roof construction, our supervisors should grasp two elements: one is the problem of roof waterproofing, and the other is whether the fluctuation of roof ridge achieves the design effect and reflects the aesthetic value of ancient buildings. These are two key points that should be grasped in the process of roof construction supervision. In the waterproof treatment of ancient buildings, the use of ash is quite common and elegant. The use of mud back and grey back, commonly known as thatched back, has the function of waterproof and thermal insulation. Generally, a thermal insulation pad is made at the top of the surface plate, and the tile roof is waterproof. This is the first working procedure of the roof after the rafters, flying rafters and kanban on the wooden frame are nailed. Of course, ordinary residential buildings do not do back construction, but directly cover the rafters with tiles. Dali, Lijiang and other places in Yunnan pay attention to making double-layer tiles, that is, laying a layer of bottom tiles on the rafters, which are generally plate tiles, and then covering the bottom tiles with cylindrical tiles. At present, the roofs of a large number of antique buildings are cast-in-place concrete sloping roofs, which are completely different from the traditional roof waterproofing. The real palace-style building with wooden roof is expected to be designed with slate. At present, the construction method generally adopts two oils and two felts, but it still cannot achieve satisfactory results. According to long-term follow-up observation, the author thinks that the roof of palace-style ancient buildings must be waterproof, and mud back and tin back must be used to achieve ideal waterproof, leak-proof and anti-corrosion effects. After the waterproof layer is processed, it should be covered with ceramic tiles. When laying ceramic tiles, the grey stripes should be uniform. After the tile is covered, the ash below should be enriched, so as not to overflow too much ash. After the roof tile cover is completed, the gaps between each ridge and the pipe tile trench are evenly jointed, and the tile trench is gradually cleaned to achieve the purpose of using ash instead of ash. Pay special attention to these details during construction. (5) Ground Engineering Paving stones of ancient buildings are generally called dikes, which are divided into indoor ground, outdoor apron, permanent road and seawall. What I want to talk about here is mainly the laying of antique blue bricks on the indoor floor. Indoor fine brick ground should be compacted with plain soil or lime soil first; Then copy the line, that is, copy the line according to the design elevation, and mark the laying on both sides and the middle of the house according to the copied line; Then rushed over and squatted down. Flushing refers to putting a brick at each end near the guy as the first sample of the ground, and then laying mud bricks, plastering mortar and braking the trip. In palace-style buildings, the brick floor should be repaired, cleaned and cleaned. After the floor is dry, raw tung oil should be applied or soaked repeatedly to make the floor smooth and durable. This is the basic process of ground engineering construction of ancient buildings. (6) Painting and decoration works Generally, the quantity of secondary decoration of ancient buildings is not large, and painting and decoration has entered the stage of detailed decoration. This kind of project has its own characteristics. First of all, our supervisor should make clear the special construction technology and procedures of painting, so as to establish a monitoring system well. We need to know what the construction rules are: one hemp and five ashes, one skin and five ashes, and one cloth and five ashes. The battle of painting the surface of ancient buildings is equivalent to scraping the putty layer. It is a very solid gray shell composed of multiple layers of gray materials and hemp (cloth) layers, which is located between the wood base and the oil film layer. You should know the traditional classification of painting and be familiar with the basic patterns. Nowadays, color paintings are mainly Qing-style color paintings, which are generally divided into seal, spin and Soviet styles. Palace-style buildings generally use seals and spinners, and the patterns are mainly dragons and phoenixes. All parts of Liangfang are sectioned with long lines, and the main lines are all covered with gold. The background is blue, green and red, which sets off the golden pattern and looks very luxurious. Rotating color painting is generally used to draw geometric figures with eddies in algae wells, and Soviet style is generally used in promenades. Pavilions and pavilions generally use small patterns and mainly calligraphy and painting, and the patterns generally use palindromes, swastikas and tapestries first. In short, during the construction of ancient buildings, our supervisors should not only know the basic construction procedures and rules, but also understand its cultural connotation and see through it with the unique aesthetic vision of China culture.