After "poverty alleviation", there are only more than 70 universities directly under the Ministry of Education and 34 "985" and "21"engineering universities. Can these only represent more than 600 colleges and universities in China/KLOC-0?
August 20th is the day when the teaching staff of tianjin polytechnic university (hereinafter referred to as tianjin polytechnic university) start school. Early in the morning, Li Zhipeng, who is in charge of the loan for poor students in the Student Office of Tianjin University of Technology, came to the office and started the first day of the new school year.
Although the students haven't officially started school, Li Zhipeng's work is still very busy. Tianjin University of Technology plans to enroll 4,000 students this year, with poor students accounting for 15%, or 600 students. How to arrange these students, let them enter school smoothly, and have enough living expenses during school is the focus of Li Zhipeng's work.
Since August, the voice of subsidizing poor students has been "singing all the way". From August 5th, the "First Song" of the Ministry of Education will set the total number of poor students in public full-time colleges and universities from this year.
It is a national scholarship of 65.438 billion yuan, and the number of beneficiaries will reach more than 533,000 each year. Local governments and colleges and universities have expressed their views on how many tens of thousands of yuan should be spent to subsidize poor college students and protect the whole society.
Don't let a college student admitted to a public university drop out of school because of financial problems.
With the care and love of the whole society, to what extent has the problem of poor students been solved at present, and what problems still exist? The reporter interviewed the staff and experts related to poor students' loans and found that there is still a lot of work to be done in how to care for poor students.
Puzzle 1: Is it "one size fits all" to subsidize poor students?
Tianjin University of Technology invested 2 million yuan this year to help poor students. My task is how to make good use of the money. When Li Zhipeng said this, the reporter could feel the heavy burden on him.
Tianjin University of Technology has its own "this money" distribution method. Li Zhipeng said that the school will first confirm the "identity" of poor students.
Regarding whether it is a poor student, most colleges and universities will prove it at the village, township and town levels where the students' families are located; The school went to the place where the students' families are located to make an investigation to find out how much the average annual income of the students' families is, and whether it is lower than the local living security line; The school will also set up a minimum living line. Students whose living expenses at school are less than 150 yuan are regarded as poor students.
Before 2004, Tianjin University of Technology and other schools did the same, but in the process of operation, it was found that it was "sometimes difficult to grasp". In addition to the poor students who enter the school through the green channel, there are two kinds of students with more difficulties and students with general difficulties, and the loan amount will be different, which means that the subsidy for poor students cannot be "one size fits all".
"It is difficult to check the validity of students' poverty certificates, the true level of students' spending on campus, and through what channels to obtain information," Li Zhipeng said.
Based on the above considerations, Tianjin University of Technology began to try out the Democratic Appraisal Form for Students from Poor Families from Grade 2003 and Grade 2004, so that the class teacher could organize the classes in a graded way.
The evaluation team, which consists of the committee, the League branch and some ordinary students, evaluates the poor students from the aspects of learning attitude, moral cultivation, thrift and so on. Finally, the Student Affairs Office will conduct a comprehensive inspection of each applicant.
Analyze the situation, form the opinion score of the college student affairs office and make it into a database. According to this result, the school will adjust the second, third and fourth grade students in the database of students with financial difficulties every year. "Class of 2005 graduates.
If the freshmen do the appraisal again, then three-quarters of the students in the whole school will be appraised. "Li Zhipeng told reporters.
After confirmation, Tianjin University of Technology can determine which students have priority according to these data when providing loans and jobs for poor students. Li Zhipeng said that in addition, students with special difficulties have different working salaries, 8 yuan per hour, and 4 yuan/kloc-0 per hour for students with general difficulties.
At present, higher education has established a national student aid system with national student aid loans as the main body, with awards, loans, assistance, supplements and reductions in parallel. Schools walk on multiple legs to solve the economic problems of poor students to the greatest extent.
Li Zhipeng said that the school's aid system generally includes scholarships, work-study programs, temporary difficulties subsidies, living allowances and tuition fee remission. Moreover, tuition fees and temporary difficulties subsidies range from 500-3000 yuan, while work-study programs generally cost about 150 yuan per month.
Tuition in tianjin polytechnic university is generally 3200-8000 yuan per year, and accommodation is 800- 1.200 yuan. Li Zhipeng said that normal students have to pay about 5,600 yuan when they enter school.
By the way, if the living expenses are calculated by 150 yuan per month, a college student needs 7 100 yuan a year, which has become a standard to measure students' normal study and life. Last year, a very difficult student came to tianjin polytechnic university.
She not only comes from poor mountainous areas in Guizhou, but also suffers from polio. After learning the situation, the school reduced all fees for her, organized donations from the whole school, and provided her with a work-study position working in the school newsstand.
A month 150 yuan, so her annual expenses are solved. Li Zhipeng said that the school will ensure that every student can go to school and have adequate food and clothing.
Puzzle 2: Are poor students psychologically sound?
It is not difficult to see from the practice in tianjin polytechnic university that a university provides moral support and help for poor college students. Li Zhipeng believes that tianjin polytechnic university, like other universities, is based on the supporting documents of the Ministry of Education, other ministries and local governments.
Just as the whole country was in full swing to donate money and materials for poor students, Li Li, director of the New Great Wall Project Department of the China Foundation for Poverty Alleviation (hereinafter referred to as the New Great Wall), issued a calm voice: "What do poor college students need besides money?"
Li Li said: "Now many poor students can enter school through green channels and student loans. But it doesn't mean that everything will be fine after entering school. " Who will pay attention to the problems of "growth, success" and "employment" of these poor college students?
Generally speaking, poor students grew up in mountainous areas or rural areas. It is also their first time to go out to college. For the first time, they know that there are traffic lights, subways and subways in this world.
Open the door. Li Li said that this is called "poor eyesight". All these will lead to the inability to have the same language with classmates in the process of communication. The New Great Wall established a "self-improvement society" in 2 1 colleges and universities. The members of this society are all poor.
Students, the New Great Wall often organizes "Self-improvement Society" to go out of campus and visit enterprises, and also invites many people who are very successful in society to give speeches for the poor students of "Self-improvement Society". Lili said that these successful people all have a * * * nature, that is
They used to be poor. Li Li said that the purpose of doing this is to tell poor students that poverty is not terrible, and the experience of poverty helps college students to establish how to face life and poverty directly and help them overcome and overcome difficulties.
Confidence, in particular, helped them establish the concept that "poverty is wealth". This is also a vision of expanding growth. Let everyone know that "the poor can also succeed."
Regarding poor college students from mountainous areas' poor oral English, Li Li said that the New Great Wall has an "international volunteer" project and has recruited many international volunteers. These people are white-collar workers from foreign companies and returnees. They are willing to communicate with poor students at night or on weekends and teach them English and computers.
In addition, in order to give poor students better employment opportunities in the future, the New Great Wall is also preparing to establish a social practice base. To Li Li's delight, many enterprises are responding.
Puzzle 3: What is the relationship between poor students and donors?
The new Great Wall belongs to a project initiated by China Foundation for Poverty Alleviation aimed at poor college students. The operation of the organization depends entirely on social donations. The reporter saw that in the new Great Wall
There is a sentence in the brochure of "2005 Action for Caring for Poor College Students": "2000 yuan will help a poor college student to live for one year; 0.2 million/200 thousand yuan to support a poor university 100.
Healthy. "
Since the establishment of the New Great Wall Project, it has received help from all walks of life. The People's Bank of China, the Ministry of Commerce, the General Administration of Customs and other units regularly donate 654.38 million to 200,000 yuan every year. So if
How to be credible, transparent and scientific is the most important task of the new Great Wall. Li Li said that charity poverty alleviation needs not only morality and emotion, but also science and technology. You can do things well without enthusiasm.
The reporter learned that when choosing donors, the new Great Wall should first respect the wishes of donors, and then western universities. Li Li said: "There are many poor students in western universities, but there are more poor students in western agriculture and forestry normal universities, and it is the most difficult to get help."
Many people think that giving money directly to students is the best help for poor students. Li Li said, "This is very wrong." When donors give money directly to poor students,
Later, there will be gratitude and gratitude between the two, and the subsidized students will be under great pressure. After a period of time, students can't bear the pressure and start to avoid donors. Donors will be very depressed and feel "dependent".
What, college students are all baiwenhang, we give them money, why don't they even want to say hello, even contact, or even avoid us? Li Li said that this is the failure of the method in the process of individual funding.
Needless to say, many people sponsor a student at the same time. When the student gets a lot of money, the student will become a "poor aristocrat". Therefore, the new Great Wall will persuade donors to respect the direction of the foundation and concentrate their money where it is most needed.
Puzzle 4: Can financial aid for poor students be popularized?
"1996, the national poor college students 1 10,000, and in 2006 it was 3 million. According to the latest statistics of the Ministry of Education, before August 2005, it was 4.05 million. This is not.
Including private schools, independent colleges, branch schools and higher vocational colleges. Now we only see subordinate colleges and universities, because the students in those schools have been "lifted out of poverty", but there are only more than 70 subordinate colleges and universities in China,' 985',
There are 34 universities in the' 211'project. Can these only represent more than 600 colleges and universities in China/KLOC-0? Zhou Hongyu, a deputy to the National People's Congress and a professor at the School of Education Science of Huazhong Normal University, showed reporters such a set of figures.
According to, and put forward their own doubts.
Zhou Hongyu said this because when he did research in colleges and universities, he found that in terms of loans, there was not much problem in colleges and universities directly under the Ministry of Education, because the reputation of the school was good and the students were good.
The quality is also better. Although many students from poor families have been admitted, employers or society have higher expectations for these students. So the bank thinks these poor students can afford it, so they are willing to lend.
The most difficult thing is in some provincial universities, especially those not in the provincial capital. Zhou Hongyu gave an example: Hubei Normal University in Huangshi City, Hubei Province, Yangtze University in Jingzhou City, Hubei Institute for Nationalities in Enshi City,
Especially in Enshi, a national poverty-stricken county, most of the college students here come from local poor families, which is even more difficult.
Therefore, it is difficult for provincial universities in non-capital cities to borrow money. Seeing that these students' families are too poor to pay the loan and the employment rate of the school is impossible to be high, the bank is unwilling to lend them money.
Zhou Hongyu also said that banks can't be blamed. In the past, students also had the problem of "repaying loans". There are two reasons why students owe loans. First, some students are indeed poor families, and their families will owe a lot of debts to support a college student. These students' first thought after graduation is to help their families pay back the money first, so they are dragged down. Second, these students owe loans maliciously.
In view of these problems, Zhou Hongyu put forward a series of suggestions.
Zhou Hongyu said that the government now allocates 6,543.8 billion yuan to poor students every year, which is a correct idea. However, it is necessary to make this cake bigger and thinner, weaken the part that rewards outstanding students, and reduce the amount to make it a student scholarship. Let as many poor students as possible enjoy the sunshine.
Establish a nationwide "national networked credit information system for college students". In this regard, Zhou Hongyu suggested that students' personal information files should be recorded to track loans and repayments.
Management, together with the file to the employer. For students who maliciously owe loans, using the higher education record inquiry system to publish his personal information, "makes him unable to gain a foothold in society, find a good job and buy a house in the future."
Son. "
Zhou Hongyu believes that college students are under great pressure to repay loans after borrowing money. It is suggested to "establish a differentiated loan repayment system", specifically, "it is a poor mountainous area.
If students study with national student loans, they can be sent back to their hometown after graduation. If he is willing to go back, then the state will reduce the tuition he borrowed. In addition, in order to reassure poor students.
To work in his hometown, it is suggested that the state and local governments subsidize 100 ~ 200 yuan money on the basis of his salary. ".
Zhou Hongyu said that this is actually killing three birds with one stone. First, employment in the local area has reduced the employment pressure in big cities; Secondly, poor students found jobs; Finally, it provides local talents.
Poor students continue to increase.
Reporter: When did you start to pay attention to poor college students?
Zhou Hongyu: I began to pay attention at the end of 2002. Most of the rural areas are poor areas, which are weak compared with cities. Among this group, there is a considerable vulnerable group, that is, poor college students, who have entered the stage of non-compulsory education. But what about the tuition and miscellaneous expenses of these poor students in the non-compulsory education stage? Who cares about them?
Reporter: Have you ever donated money to poor college students?
Zhou Hongyu: I donated money to college students, sometimes organized by the school, and I also donated money when I went to the countryside for research. But not regularly.
Reporter: Why are there so many poor students and they are still increasing?
Zhou Hongyu: This reason is more complicated. From the root cause, it is still the lack of economic development and the serious imbalance of regional development.
There are also some factors, such as natural disasters, such as the catastrophic flood of 1998, which makes families with poor conditions in rural areas go from poverty to deficit immediately when they encounter such disasters.
Poverty, then their children will become poor students, thus aggravating the emergence of poor students. In cities, some families suddenly change, and their parents are laid off or die, which will also make this family extremely poor.
In addition, this is also related to the enrollment expansion of Chinese universities from 1998. The original number of poor students in 1996 was 1 10,000. From 1998 to 200 1, it suddenly increased by 2.
Times, this number is actually highlighted from 1998, 1999. The reason is that before 1996, the cost of going to college was borne by the state, while after 1996 merged the college fees, the poor students'.
The problem began to appear.
Therefore, it is related to the expansion of enrollment in colleges and universities, especially in higher vocational colleges, independent colleges and branch schools. Many students can enter colleges and universities. Therefore, the enrollment expansion of colleges and universities is getting faster and faster, and there are more and more poor students. Today, the number of 4.05 million poor college students is amazing.
Reporter: Do you think poor students just need money to help?
Zhou Hongyu: There are two kinds of poor students, one is economic poverty and the other is psychological poverty. Economic poverty is easy to solve, just give money, but many students are poor psychologically, because poverty will produce inferiority and self-confidence, and they don't want others to know that their families are poor.
Although these students applied for loans in the hope of getting money, they didn't want to be labeled as poor students. In this regard, schools should adopt psychological counseling, education and communication. Let poor students realize that poverty is temporary and can be changed. Individuals cannot choose their birth or parents, so we should admit the reality and face the challenge of poverty.
Of course, it also includes that all sectors of society cannot discriminate against poor students. It is necessary to enact anti-discrimination laws.
Improving the present situation of poor students should be based on system innovation
Reporter: What about poor students from other poor families except those who can enter school through the green channel?
Zhou Hongyu: These students can get scholarships, business loans, or work-study programs inside and outside the school. When I was teaching at Columbia University, I saw that there are actually many students with difficulties abroad, but everyone can finish their studies through work-study programs.
In fact, we can see that many students work in the United States, regardless of whether the student has money or not, which is related to American individualism and cultural tradition of not relying on adults.
However, poor college students in China can't do this at all, and it is impossible to go to college with the money earned by working. Moreover, there are still too few opportunities for people who need to work. The cost of working is still too low. "Less opportunities and low income" are two major difficulties for part-time students.
Many students can't find jobs on campus, so they have to go off campus. It depends on which city you work in outside. If there were fewer colleges and universities in this city, the situation would be more optimistic. If there are many colleges and universities in this city, such as those in Beijing, where will students go to take classes outside the school? This market is too competitive for working students.
I suggested at the National People's Congress in 2004 that schools should take various measures to provide students with more opportunities for work-study programs. For this, many schools have not explored enough. Colleges and universities can completely hand over the work of logistics personnel such as doormen invited by the society to poor college students. As long as it is non-academic and logistics, it can be done for students.
Reporter: What other measures do you think should be taken to help improve the funding system?
Zhou Hongyu: I think there are several aspects. First of all, society should set up various funds. At the same time, the state gives tax exemption to all kinds of people who donate money, and how much money they pay can be deducted from income tax.
Mainly for enterprises. It can offset the income tax payable. For example, an enterprise should have paid a tax of 6,543,800 yuan, and there are policies that allow enterprises to deduct donations. The enterprise thinks that the money should be paid anyway, which is better.
Donate money to charity.
The state should not only introduce this policy, but also encourage it. In foreign countries, there are many kinds of foundations, because there is a good reward system. For example, Bill Gates donates a large amount of income tax every year. Well said, in fact, he didn't suffer.
In addition, the academic system should be changed and flexible. Specifically, a poor student has no money now, and the school can keep his student status, postpone going to school for 2 to 3 years, and let him stay here.
Go to work for a while first, and then come to school when you have money. If students have a retreat and a variety of choices, then the pressure will not be too great. Although poor students still exist, the problem will not be so prominent. So in the system design
Give him more choices.
However, for the system of delaying schooling, it is necessary to study how many years it can be extended as soon as possible. Introduce policies as soon as possible to let students know how long they can keep their school status. The other is the credit system, because students go to school a few years later. Students certainly want to attend classes quickly and get all the credits. They don't have to study for four years, maybe they can finish it in two or three years.
Policy preference should be given to non-key universities.
Reporter: The current "loan risk compensation mechanism" is shared by banks, local governments and universities. Some universities think that it is unreasonable for schools to take such risks. what do you think?
Zhou Hongyu: Since colleges and universities are semi-public products, they should share the costs. I think this system is more moderate. Of course, the situation of colleges and universities is different. The source of funds for running provincial colleges and universities is relatively single, and there may be pressure, depending on the type of school. If it is a key university, especially the "985" university, it will be less for them.
Therefore, I think the national policy should be flexible and should not be across the board. For key colleges and universities, such as "985" colleges and universities, there are many channels to raise funds and obtain funds, so it is also appropriate to have a higher discount, and it is also appropriate for provincial colleges and universities to have a lower discount.
This is especially true in higher vocational colleges and private schools. These schools themselves are still struggling in the whirlpool of survival, and it is difficult for them to come up with a lot of money to discount interest. Moreover, it is not easy for these schools to spend 10% of their tuition fees every year to help poor students.
It is worth noting that key universities will not expand their enrollment, followed by private universities, independent colleges, branch schools and higher vocational colleges. This happens to be a national student loan.
Commercial loans, university loans and state grants have received little attention, but they urgently need attention. If we don't find a solution as soon as possible and don't shine "sunshine" on them, the problem of poor students will become more and more prominent.