Compared with other sectors of the national economy, the biggest difference is that agricultural production includes the reproduction process of means of subsistence, that is, the natural reproduction process. It refers to a series of life activities, such as growth, development and reproduction. Relying on its metabolic function, with the help of natural forces and external environmental conditions, it constantly updates and reproduces itself. The natural reproduction and economic reproduction of agriculture are closely combined and intertwined, which constitutes a unified agricultural production process. The seasonality of agricultural natural reproduction process leads to obvious seasonality in raising and using agricultural credit funds. Under normal circumstances, most agricultural products are produced and sold at the end of the year, and a large amount of money is invested in rural areas through the acquisition of agricultural and sideline products, forming the income of agricultural collective enterprises and farmers, and some income will flow back to banks through deposits, savings and repayment of agricultural loans. Here, on the one hand, banks increase credit expenditure by providing loans to commercial departments to purchase agricultural and sideline products; On the other hand, due to the return of agricultural enterprise deposits, farmers' savings and agricultural loans, banks have increased their credit income. At the beginning of the following year, the agricultural association will purchase a large amount of agricultural means of production for the next production cycle, and the investment in agricultural loans from banks will also increase accordingly. The purchase of agricultural machinery, seeds, fertilizers and other agricultural means of production will also reduce some deposits and savings. It can be seen that due to the seasonality of agricultural production, the income and expenditure of agricultural credit funds are relatively concentrated. With the development of diversified economy and the change of industrial structure in rural areas of China, the proportion of agriculture in rural economy has declined: the seasonality of agricultural credit movement has weakened. However, the characteristics of agricultural production itself determine that the seasonality of agricultural credit movement will not change completely.

Second, the raising and use of agricultural credit funds is unstable.

Natural conditions have a great influence on agricultural production, especially in China, where agricultural productivity is low and technology is backward, and the situation of "relying on the sky for food" has not been shaken off, and the constraints of natural factors on agriculture are more obvious. Agriculture is influenced by geography, climate, soil quality and other factors, and it is also vulnerable to natural disasters. There are good years, normal years and poor years, and some production projects such as fruits also have different years. Therefore, the consumption of means of production, agricultural income and public accumulation are unbalanced year by year, which makes the demand for agricultural credit funds and the income and expenditure activities of agricultural credit funds unstable.

Fold three, the agricultural credit fund turnover is slow and takes up a lot.

Agricultural production is restricted by the characteristics of natural reproduction, with long production cycle and inconsistent labor time and production time. In the production process, the capital and labor input of each link can not produce products immediately, and most of the agricultural liquidity is occupied in the product funds for a long time until the whole production process is over and the animal and plant products are harvested. In addition, China's rural area is vast, the terrain is complex, the transportation is inconvenient, it is far from the city, the information is not smooth, and the circulation channels are not smooth, which affects the smooth realization of the value of agricultural products. Agricultural credit funds participate in agricultural production turnover, and return and increase in value with the end of a production cycle. The long production cycle and circulation time of agriculture determine that the turnover of agricultural credit funds is slow, the turnover cycle is long and the amount of funds occupied is relatively large.

Fold four, agricultural credit risk is greater.

Agriculture is a double-risk industry. The characteristics and inherent regularity of agricultural production make agriculture bear natural risks and market risks. The so-called natural risk means that natural disasters lead to reduced agricultural production or even no harvest; The so-called market risk refers to the loss of price reduction and sales difficulties caused by market price fluctuations and changes in the proportion of supply and demand. Agricultural credit funds participate in the circulation of agricultural funds, so it is inevitably affected by the double risks of agriculture. Compared with industrial and commercial credit, agricultural credit is more risky and less secure.

Five, agricultural credit activities are scattered and diverse.

In China's agricultural production, small-scale household management plays a major role, with vast rural areas and thousands of households scattered in all directions. Therefore, the consumption of means of production, the raising of agricultural credit funds and the issuance and recovery of loans are all carried out in the vast rural areas. Facing many farmers engaged in agricultural production and operation, the agricultural credit movement has obvious dispersion. From the form of economic organization, on the basis of public ownership of means of production, China's agriculture takes cooperative economy as the main body, and has various economic components such as state-owned, collective, individual, private and joint venture, and has various management modes such as family, joint venture and joint-stock cooperation. From the perspective of economic structure, there are many industries in rural areas, such as agriculture, industry, commerce, transportation, construction, service and tourism. Within agriculture, agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, sideline and fishery coexist, and agriculture, industry, animal husbandry and industry are integrated. The diversification of rural economic organization forms and management methods makes the demand for credit funds in different regions, different industrial structures, different economic organizations, different business departments, different years, and even different links and stages of the same production and operation date vary widely, requiring agricultural credit to provide a variety of services and flexibly adjust the development of rural economy.