Because the internal credit risk prevention system of rural credit cooperatives has not been effectively established, as well as the managers' own cultural quality and moral factors, the risks of farmers' micro-credit loans are diversified and complicated, which will greatly affect the sustained, stable and healthy development of rural credit cooperatives. For this reason, I would like to talk about the causes and solutions of farmers' micro-credit loan risks here:

First, the main reasons for the formation of farmers' microfinance risks

1. Risks caused by objective reasons.

First of all, farmers' micro-credit loan is a loan based on farmers' credit. From the borrower's side, the loan itself has potential "credit risk", and a person's integrity level is closely related to his moral cultivation, and moral level is an intangible thing that cannot be accurately quantified. Therefore, it is a long-term, complex and arduous task for loan officers to accurately grasp the integrity status of thousands of farmers in Qian Qian. Secondly, farmers' loans are mainly used for planting, aquaculture investment and consumer loans, while planting is a weak industry and farmers are a weak group. Agriculture is greatly influenced by nature and market, and there are great natural and market risks. Once natural disasters lead to agricultural production reduction and the sales of agricultural products are blocked, it will directly lead to farmers' production reduction and income increase, and their ability to repay loans will be weakened. These risks are characterized by uncertainty. Once it appears, it will be difficult for farmers to recover their loans or repay them at maturity, which will lead to the direct transformation of natural and market risks in agriculture into loan risks.

2. Pre-loan investigation is just a form.

The manpower of credit staff in credit cooperatives is relatively weak, and some outlets even serve as directors and loan officers, while there are hundreds of farmers in their jurisdiction. It is conceivable that it is difficult to complete the workload of each farmer in detail in a short time. Therefore, faced with the establishment of farmers' economic files (annual review); The evaluation of credit rating involves a wide range, heavy workload and relatively concentrated time requirements, which makes some loan officers have to turn to village cadres, even backstage staff who don't know much about farmers in their jurisdiction. Due to the involvement of village cadres and the participation of office workers, there are often personal subjectivism, formalism and human factors, and some even make false guesses, which leads to the inconsistency of credit rating standards and inaccuracy in the approval of loan quotas, and it is impossible to accurately evaluate credit ratings and approve loan quotas according to farmers' actual income and credit status.

3. There are loopholes in the loan review.

Because farmers' micro-credit loans are issued by means of "voucher issuance, on-demand loans, quota control and recycling", most of them are handled by counter staff, who strictly adhere to the principles of "two certificates" and "three meetings" when handling loans, but the counter staff can't strictly examine the authenticity of their loan purposes, which leads some farmers to falsely report the loan purposes and lend them to others after lending, forming a top-notch loan; The loans of other borrowers are not used for their normal family production and life at all, but for personal abnormal consumption expenses (such as gambling). ), leading to failure to repay on time, and even family disputes, which ultimately leads to loan risks.

4. The post-loan inspection and supervision mechanism is not perfect.

Post-loan inspection is an important part of the loan "three inspections" system. In order to reduce the loan risk and improve the liquidity, safety and efficiency of funds, credit cooperatives should strengthen post-loan inspection. However, the business philosophy of "redistribution over management" has left a deep imprint on the minds of most loan officers. On the one hand, farmers' microfinance has a wide range of objects, small amount, scattered distribution and miscellaneous industries, and the workload is relatively large, while the credit staff of credit cooperatives are relatively weak, which weakens the supervision of farmers' microfinance. On the other hand, some loan officers have the ideology of "valuing enterprises over farmers", and think that post-loan management is only applicable to large loans, not to small agricultural loans. Some loan officers even think that the loan amount of farmers is small, which leads to the loan risk of several thousand yuan or even ten thousand yuan per household. Because of these wrong views and the increasing number of migrant workers, some farmers go out to work after loans (some even go out with their families) and their whereabouts are unknown for many years, which is an important reason for the risks of micro-credit loans for farmers.

5. The low quality of credit personnel causes moral hazard.

Due to the manual operation of farmers' micro-credit loans from filing, rating, granting credit, issuing certificates to final lending, and the relative shortage of personnel in some credit cooperatives, some credit personnel take advantage of the loopholes such as insufficient personnel, lax examination and irregular operation to engage in personal loans, approve loans for their own use, fake loans, and some even give advice to customers, breaking them into parts, and one household has multiple certificates or multiple loans, which has formed a substantial "foundation" and finally induced loan risks.