Welfare system from cradle to grave Sweden has the best welfare system in the world and a huge social security system from cradle to grave. Since the Swedish Social Democratic Party put forward the concept of "people's homeland" in 1928, the principle of universal enjoyment of social welfare has been implemented. In the process of economic development for more than half a century, Sweden has gradually established a huge social security system with specific content and comprehensive system, including child allowance, sick leave allowance, medical security, housing allowance, unemployment relief and old-age insurance. Sweden's comprehensive social welfare is not only reflected in people's life cycle, but also improves the quality of life of Swedes in terms of material and leisure. There are six main categories of social welfare security in Sweden: 1. Child welfare child protection After the birth of a child, parents can enjoy 480 days of parental leave, and at the same time enjoy a parental allowance equivalent to 80% of the original income. The maximum parental allowance is SEK 284,200. Moreover, each child between the ages of 1 and 16 can receive a child allowance of about 1050 kronor per month. Parents have the right to take time off to take care of their sick children. Each child has a maximum of 60 days a year, and the National Social Security Association will bear 80% of the salary. 2. Education Guarantee Education Guarantee In addition to free education from primary school to university, students under 65,438+08 can enjoy free lunch at school, children under 65,438+06 can enjoy a monthly student allowance of about 65,438+0,050 kroner, and college students can get grants and low-interest study loans every month. Therefore, the government encourages people to continue their studies. Swedish universities only popularize education, so the quality of Swedish population is very high. This kind of loan is called "glorious loan" by Swedes. If a person studies in a university, he will get 7,500 kronor every month during his stay in school, except that the government does not charge tuition fees. Among them, 2,500 kronor does not need to be repaid as a grant, and the rest is a loan paid off year by year after work. No matter how much money you borrow at school, you should use 4% of your annual income to repay the loan after work. If you stay in school for a long time, you may never be able to pay back the money, because you won't have to pay back any government loans after you are 65. 3. Medical system Medical treatment and sick leave are guaranteed for everyone. The general registration fee for medical treatment in Sweden is 120 kroner each time, and the accumulated amount of 900 kroner in one year is free. If you need medication, you can buy it at the pharmacy with a doctor's prescription, and you can enjoy free medication if the accumulated medication cost exceeds 3000 kroner in one year. Other expenses, such as treatment fees, hospitalization fees, and even travel expenses to and from hospitals or clinics under special circumstances, are free. If you can't work normally due to illness, you can also enjoy sick leave allowance to make up for the loss of income caused by illness, which is equivalent to 80% of normal income. 4. Unemployment Insurance Unemployment Insurance Unemployed people can get unemployment benefits equivalent to 80% of their work income from the state. 5. Housing security Housing security is mainly a kind of social security provided to low-income families with children and low-income retirees. According to the income, childless families can receive a monthly housing subsidy of about 1000 kroner; A family with one child can get a monthly housing subsidy of about 2,500 kronor at most; Two children can receive 3 175 kronor; Three children can get 3900 kronor. 6. Old-age security Everyone in this country can receive the minimum pension after reaching the age of 65, regardless of whether they have worked or not. You can receive a pension after retirement. The pension consists of two parts, one is the basic payment part and the other is the additional payment part. The basic payment part is the same, and the additional payment part embodies the principle of more work and more pay. The new policy implemented in recent years stipulates that 18.5% of each person's salary should be reserved for retirement bonus. The higher the salary, the longer the working hours, the more pensions, and 2.5% of them are deposited in their own accounts as "savings insurance", so individuals can decide the investment direction. The new system emphasizes that pensions are linked to living income, and individuals are responsible for their own future. This will not only improve their work enthusiasm, but also reduce the financial burden of the government. Moreover, retired people in Sweden can enjoy many relief and convenience. For example, entering public places or taking a car only charges 80%; There is a special person in charge of three meals a day and daily life in the nursing home. Elderly people with mobility difficulties can find full-time nurses to come to their homes with a phone call, and the expenses will be borne by the government. If the old man who stays at home is ill, any of his relatives or even friends can have two months' paid vacation every year to take care of the old man. Those who need long-term care can receive certain subsidies from the social security department. Sweden is one of the few countries that did not participate in the Second World War. After the war, Sweden concentrated on economic development, implemented a wide range of social welfare policies and established a relatively complete social welfare system. Social welfare projects, from paid long-term maternity leave for parents to sick leave allowance for medical insurance, from unemployment insurance and pension to compulsory education, are called "protection from cradle to grave". Sweden is a fund for welfare protection through high personal income tax rate and high taxes. There are many taxes in Sweden. For individuals, in addition to personal income tax, there are interest tax and inheritance tax. And the income from other business activities such as stock trading funds and buying and selling houses. When you buy goods, you must pay VAT. Companies must pay employer tax. Every year from April to June, Swedes should take the initiative to declare all their income last year to the tax bureau. Some scholars believe that this Scandinavian welfare model is a model between socialism and capitalism and a mixed economy. Due to the economic recession in Europe, Sweden's welfare system is also facing difficulties. The population is aging and young people lack enthusiasm for employment. These are common problems in high welfare countries. Sweden is carrying out a series of reforms to enhance economic vitality and improve the system.