Chain operation refers to several enterprises engaged in similar goods or services, forming a consortium in a certain form, carrying out specialized division of labor under the overall planning, implementing centralized operation on the basis of division of labor, and combining independent business activities into a whole scale operation, thus realizing scale benefits. This is a business model.

trait

1. Chain operation is a contractual relationship between licensor and licensee, that is to say, the relationship between licensor and licensee depends on the contract of both parties.

2. There is no tangible asset relationship between licensor and licensee in chain operation, but they are independent legal subjects, and each of them independently bears external legal responsibilities.

3. Licensor has the ownership and/or exclusive right to the authorized matters involved in the contract between the two parties, and Licensee obtains the right to use (or the right to use) and the right to income based on the right to use through the contract.

4. Authorization in chain operation refers to the right to use intangible assets, including intellectual property rights. Not tangible assets or their right to use.

5. Licensee is obliged to pay the fees to Licensor according to the contract between both parties.

6. Licensee shall keep the uniformity required by Licensor in the contract.

trait

1. Chain operation organizes scattered business entities. Has the scale advantage. (unification: unify the appearance of the store name; Unified advertising and information; Unified purchase; Unified accounting; Unified inventory and unified management. )

2, chain operation should establish a unified distribution center, directly linked to the production enterprises or non-staple food production base. (Save the circulation cost and reduce the cost. The general price can be 2% to 5% lower than that of similar stores. )

3. Chain operation is easy to generate directional consumption trust or dependence.

Consumers can be assured of the quality of goods. (Unified management, unified purchase channels and direct supply. )

MLM: It refers to the behavior that the organizer or operator's development personnel calculate and pay remuneration to the developed personnel on the basis of the number of directly or indirectly developed personnel or sales performance, or ask the developed personnel to obtain the qualification to join on the condition of paying a certain fee, seek illegal interests, disrupt economic order and affect social stability.

The characteristics of MLM are

First, only by paying the membership fee or agency fee can you be eligible to join, regardless of whether there are products or not; Participants are required to obtain the qualification of joining by paying or purchasing goods.

Second, the development of offline commissions, that is to say, the source of participants' wages is the commissions in the money paid by participants offline;

Third, provide various services for participants (pornography is no exception), and then coerce them to pay the fees to become members or call the police.

Fourthly, a new micro-business pyramid scheme, whose gang said that it only needs to be forwarded through the agent's WeChat, QQ, Weibo, etc. After the successful purchase, it will give a 40% commission (its real cost price is only 8%, that is, the selling price of things in 8 yuan is 100 yuan, and after it is given to the freight forwarder 40 yuan, it will earn 52 yuan by itself). The real WeChat business generally relies on its own forwarding and advertising, and does not give high commissions to others.

Fifth, form a relationship between superiors and subordinates, with kickbacks at different levels.

The Regulations on Prohibiting MLM was promulgated in 2005, and the crime of organizing and leading MLM activities is one of the 224 articles of the Criminal Law in 2009. The following acts prescribed by law belong to pyramid schemes:

1. Organizers or operators ask the developed personnel to develop others to join through the development of personnel, and calculate and pay remuneration (including material rewards and other economic benefits, the same below) to the developed personnel based on the number of personnel directly or indirectly developed, so as to seek illegal benefits;

2. The organizer or operator obtains the qualification to join or develop other personnel by asking the developed personnel to pay fees or subscribing for goods in disguised form, and seeks illegal benefits;

3. The organizer or operator, through the development personnel, requires the developed person to continue to develop others to join, form a relationship between the upper and lower levels, and pay the online remuneration based on the sales performance of the offline line to seek illegal interests.

Fourth, buying and selling.

The sales target of pyramid selling is mainly themselves. They buy the company's products (such as toothpaste with a store value of 25 yuan, pyramid selling will say that the original price is 100 yuan, and 33 yuan can get a 30% discount after paying the membership fee), and promote this sales method offline, which is actually mainly aimed at their relatives and friends. Requiring participants to obtain membership qualification by paying fees or purchasing goods and services is a deceptive act that harms others and makes huge profits for a few top internet companies.