The types of bank loans refer to the forms of loans. According to the provisions of the General Principles of Loans, the forms of loans granted by commercial banks in China mainly include entrusted loans, credit loans, mortgage loans and bill discounting. At the same time, various commercial banks have actively carried out financial innovation for the market and launched many loan varieties that meet the needs of small and medium-sized enterprises.
In June of 1996, the General Rules for Loans promulgated by the People's Bank of China classified bank loans as follows:
(1) Self-operated loans, entrusted loans and specific loans. Self-operated loan refers to the loan that the lender raises funds legally and independently issues. The risk shall be borne by the lender, and the principal and interest shall be recovered by the lender. Entrusted loans refer to loans provided by clients such as government departments, enterprises, institutions and individuals, which are issued, supervised and recovered by the lender (i.e. the trustee) according to the loan object, purpose, amount, term and interest rate determined by the client. The lender (trustee) only collects the handling fee but does not bear the loan risk.
(2) Specific loans refer to loans granted by wholly state-owned commercial banks after being approved by the State Council and taking corresponding remedial measures for possible losses caused by loans.
(3) Short-term loans, medium-term loans and long-term loans. Short-term loans refer to loans with a loan term of less than one year (including one year). Medium-term loans refer to loans with a loan term of more than one year (excluding one year) to less than five years (including five years). Long-term loans refer to loans with a loan term of more than five years (excluding five years).
(4) Credit loans, secured loans and discounted bills. Credit loan refers to the loan issued by the borrower's credit. Secured loan refers to secured loan and mortgage loan, in which secured loan refers to a loan issued by a third party according to the guarantee method stipulated in the Guarantee Law of People's Republic of China (PRC), and the borrower is promised to assume general guarantee liability or joint liability as agreed when the loan cannot be repaid.
(5) Mortgaged loan refers to the loan issued with the property of the borrower or a third party as collateral according to the mortgage method stipulated in the Guarantee Law of People's Republic of China (PRC).
(6) refers to the loan granted with the movable property or rights of the borrower or a third party as pledge according to the Guarantee Law of People's Republic of China (PRC). Bill discount refers to the loan issued by the lender by purchasing the unexpired commercial paper of the borrower.
Generally speaking, bank loans are mainly divided into the following six types:
1, which can be divided into short-term loans, medium-term loans and long-term loans according to the repayment period;
2. According to different repayment methods, it can be divided into demand loans, term loans and overdrafts;
3. According to the purpose or object of the loan, it can be divided into industrial and commercial loans, agricultural loans, consumer loans and securities broker loans.
4. According to the different loan guarantee conditions, it can be divided into bill discount loan, bill mortgage loan, commodity mortgage loan and credit loan.
5. According to the loan scale, it can be divided into wholesale loans and retail loans;
6. According to the different ways of interest rate agreement, it can be divided into fixed interest rate loans and floating interest rate loans.
According to the classification of loan methods, what kinds of loans are there?
There are three types of loans, namely, direct loans, indirect loans and loans from buyers and sellers.
1, direct loan method
Direct loan is a way for banks to issue loans directly to enterprises in the course of business operation.
2. Indirect loan method
It is an indirect way for banks to lend money to enterprises through bill discount.
3. Seller's buyer's credit
Seller's credit and buyer's credit are two internationally accepted export credit methods. In order to support and expand exports, strengthen international competition and encourage domestic banks to carry out export credit business, many countries in the world must solve the capital demand of foreign importers to pay for goods.
Among them, the loan provided by domestic banks to domestic exporters (sellers) is called seller's credit, and the loan provided by domestic banks to importers (buyers) or importing banks is called buyer's credit.
Extended data:
Characteristics of loan methods:
1. The loan is used to pay for spot transactions.
2. The supply of loans changes with the change of enterprise material inventory, which is manifested by the increase of inventory, the direct increase of loans, the decrease of inventory and the direct decrease of loans.
3. The bank directly provides loans to local purchasing units.
Most bank loans in China are provided in this way. Such as industrial and commercial enterprise production, commodity revolving loans, short-term equipment loan supply, etc.