Using Xinong Shaneng dairy goat and local hybrid dairy goat to improve once, under the condition of cultivating with excellent forage, milk can be produced in one lactation period, and the improvement effect is very outstanding. Farmers can raise 2 milk goats, and the net income of 1 goat is about 1000 yuan.
2. Goat milk has a unique health care function and is an important part of the milk market in China. Goat's milk is a good product in milk. It is rich in high-quality protein which plays an important role in human health, such as albumin and globulin, and has obvious immune enhancement and antiallergic effects. The content of indigestible casein in goat milk is lower than that in milk, and the fat globules are smaller than that in milk. It is rich in calcium and vitamins, easy to digest and absorb, especially suitable for children, pregnant women and the elderly. Goat milk's good buffering performance makes it an ideal food for patients with stomach diseases, nephritis, tuberculosis and asthma.
Consumers in developed areas of China, such as Guangdong, Fujian, Taiwan Province and other southern provinces and cities, regard goat milk as a natural high-grade tonic, and the price of fresh goat milk per kilogram is as high as 10 ~ 16 yuan, which has become one of the nutritional supplements favored by high-income consumers.
Producing ultra-high temperature sterilized goat milk, expanding the sales channels of goat milk and transporting it from north to south have good market prospects. Goat milk cheese is a good nutrition that European and American consumers like to eat. After the reform and opening up, more and more foreigners came to China. Introducing foreign processing technology and equipment to produce goat milk cheese for hotels and restaurants will have a certain market.
3. Dairy goats are suitable for both decentralized management and intensive management of farmers. Even under intensive management, the environmental pollution caused by raising dairy goats is far less than that caused by dairy cows. According to the investigation, intercropping annual leguminous grasses, such as vetch, clover and thyme, can produce 500 kilograms of hay per 667 square meters (1 mu) on average, and the effective use of fruit leaves and pomace can meet the needs of 1.5 dairy goats.
Using a large number of crop straws in agricultural areas to feed dairy goats, or using abandoned farmland in the loess plateau and Weibei fruit belt to plant pasture to feed dairy goats, can not only make full use of agricultural waste to produce cheap and high-quality dairy products, but also enrich the land; It can not only make farmers drink milk generally, but also increase their income, which is a good measure with great potential to promote the circular development of agriculture.
Second, the development status and characteristics of China dairy goats.
1. Dairy goats are paid more and more attention in the national science and technology plan. In 1980s, dairy goats played a very important role in the development of animal husbandry in the early days of reform and opening up in China, and 64 dairy goat base counties in China contributed to solving the nutritional problems of urban population in protein. The relevant ministries and commissions of the state have included the development of dairy goat industry in the "Eleventh Five-Year" development plan of the national dairy industry and the long-term goal plan for 2020. In 2007, funds were arranged in the national science and technology support plan and other science and technology plans to support the basic research of dairy goats, as well as the application research of the breeding system construction, production base, scientific research and popularization of dairy goats. China dairy goat industry has ushered in a new historical development opportunity.
2. The production advantage areas of dairy goats have gradually formed. China has a long history of dairy goat production, which has formed a pattern of rapid development of dairy goats in Shaanxi, Shandong, Liaoning, Hebei, Guangdong, Henan and other provinces. Dairy goat producing areas, represented by Guangdong, Fujian and other provinces, give full play to the development advantages of goat milk health care function and promote the development of goat milk processing industry. Southeast Asia, which has great market potential for goat milk, will provide unique external conditions for the production of dairy goats in South China. The dairy goat industry in Guangdong and Fujian is expected to become a new advantageous area for dairy goat production.
3. The consumption of goat milk has increased steadily, and the processing and development capacity of goat milk products has been continuously enhanced. At present, there are only a handful of domestic enterprises specializing in goat milk processing, but their production equipment, product research and development and processing capabilities are not inferior. Dalian Jiuyang, Xi 'an Dandelion, Hebei Yayi, Tieling Yangsen and other enterprises have large scale and strong processing capacity. They pay special attention to the development of new products, mainly producing products with high nutritional value and added value, leading the trend of goat milk processing in China.
Third, which dairy goat breeds are good to choose?
1. Shaneng dairy goat originated in Shaneng town, Switzerland, and is famous for its tall figure, superior milk production performance, stable genetic performance and strong adaptability. It is the best dairy goat breed in the world. Its value is not only that it can produce the "king of milk" after human milk, but more importantly, as a breeding stock resource, it can improve better new varieties. At present, Shaneng dairy goat has been introduced to many countries in the world to improve local breeds.
As the earliest excellent sheep breed cultivated in China, Shaneng dairy goat enjoys a high reputation in China, and its production scale and level have become the representative of domestic dairy goat production. Shaanxi Shaneng dairy goat was introduced to Qianyang County Breeding Farm for breeding in 197 1 year to form the second pure Shaneng dairy goat population. However, due to the restriction of management and epidemic diseases, only the core group of the breeding farm in Qianyang County, Shaanxi Province can be completely preserved. Shaneng dairy goat has wide adaptability, but it is afraid of cold and is not tolerant of damp and heat.
2. Tugenbao goat: native to Switzerland, mainly raised in Sichuan and Shanxi provinces. For milk, it's in good shape. The coat color is mainly light brown, the annual milk yield is 600 ~ 1200 kg, and the fat content is about 3.5%.
3. Laoshan Dairy Goat: It is produced in Qingdao, Shandong Province, and is a local improved dairy goat which is a cross between Shaneng Dairy Goat and local goats. All white. The lactation period is 8 ~ 10 months, and the annual milk output is more than 600 kg. It can tolerate roughage, grow fast, and have a high reproduction rate, with an average of 170% ~ 190%.
4. Guanzhong Dairy Goat: Originated in Guanzhong Basin, Shaanxi Province, it is a dairy cow breed that is a cross between Shaneng Dairy Goat and local goats. Strong physique, lactation period of 6-8 months, annual milk output of 400-700 kg, fat content of about 3.5%. The sexual maturity of ewes is 4 ~ 5 months old, and they are in estrus in autumn. 12 months old mating, lambing rate 160%.
Four, some suggestions for further development of milk mountain production
1. Incorporate dairy goat production into the national poverty alleviation plan. Use poverty alleviation microfinance to support farmers in poverty-stricken areas to develop dairy goats, and promote the poverty alleviation model of lending sheep back to sheep, technology tracking, value-added sharing and rolling development. The milking station in the breeding community is set up by the dairy factory, and the loan is unified. 50% of the sheep purchase funds are deducted from the fresh milk income of sheep farmers (around 200 yuan), and the other 50% of the sheep purchase funds are raised by the sheep farmers themselves, which enhances the sense of responsibility.
2. Strengthen the construction of improved seed breeding system and continue to intensify improvement. Relying on the dairy goat laboratory of Northwest A&F University and Shannon Shaneng goat original seed farm, we introduced foreign Shaneng dairy goats for blood renewal, established dairy goat breed core group and dairy goat post-test station in dairy goat producing areas, selected the best quality breeding sheep and improved the breeds, thus greatly improving the quality of dairy goats everywhere.
3. Merger and integration of small goat milk processing enterprises in the dairy goat base counties in poverty-stricken areas to form new joint-stock enterprises. The dairy goat breeding community implements four unified management systems: unified epidemic prevention, unified breeding, unified feeding and unified milking, and regulates all aspects of dairy goat production management.
4. Give full play to the role of the association, strengthen the internal management of the industry, do a good job in milk source, milk quality and sheep breeding quality, provide technical training and other services for dairy goat farmers and processing enterprises, strengthen the self-discipline of sheep farmers and enterprises, and prevent disorderly competition. (Cao Binyun, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, zip code: 7 12 100)