Scope and mode of loan business
Business segmentation:
(1) Handling all kinds of loans;
(2) Discounting bills;
(3) Handling the transfer of assets;
(4) Handling the settlement under the loan;
(5) Other asset businesses approved by China Banking Regulatory Commission.
Loan companies must adhere to the business purpose of serving the development of farmers, agriculture and rural economy, and the investment of loans is mainly used to support the development of farmers, agriculture and rural economy.
Loan companies are not allowed to absorb public deposits, with high credit lines and flexible loan methods.
Divided by time limit
(1) Short-term loan: refers to the loan with a loan term of 1 year (inclusive).
(2) Medium-term loans refer to loans with a loan term of 65,438+0 years (excluding) to 5 years (including).
(3) Long-term loans: refers to loans with a loan term of more than 5 years (excluding 5 years).
Divide by purpose
(1) Capital construction loans refer to medium and long-term loans approved by the competent authorities for capital construction projects. A capital construction project refers to the sum of one or several single projects according to the overall design, including new projects, expansion projects, factory relocation projects, restoration and reconstruction projects, etc.
(2) Technical transformation loan: refers to the medium and long-term loan approved by the competent department for technical transformation projects. Technical transformation project refers to the renewal and transformation project that adopts new technologies, new equipment, new processes and new materials to popularize and apply scientific and technological achievements on the basis of the original production and operation of enterprises.
laws and regulations
According to the provisions of Articles 30 to 32 of the Measures for the Pilot Implementation of Small Loan Companies in Beijing (Beijing Zhengban Fa [2009] No.2), in the pilot stage, the business scope of small loan companies is limited to issuing loans within the administrative areas of districts and counties where they are registered. Small loan companies can choose their own loan targets. In the pilot stage, the amount of loans granted to "agriculture, rural areas and farmers" every year shall not be less than 70% of the total amount of loans granted throughout the year. When granting loans, microfinance companies should adhere to the principle of "small amount and dispersion", encourage microfinance companies to provide credit services to farmers, micro-enterprises and small and medium-sized enterprises, and strive to expand the number of customers and service coverage. The loan balance of the same borrower shall not exceed 3% of the net capital of the microfinance company.
Operating advantages of loan companies
Because of the high marketing cost of bank micro-loans, it is difficult for small enterprises to apply for loans directly from banks, which leads to small enterprises having to seek help from financing institutions such as loan guarantee institutions when they have financing needs. The cost for loan guarantee institutions to select customers is relatively low, so choosing high-quality projects to recommend to cooperative banks will improve the financing success rate and reduce the marketing cost of bank microfinance.
In addition, in terms of risk control of loans, banks are reluctant to invest in small loans. An important reason is that the management cost of such loans is high and the income is not obvious. For this kind of loan, the loan guarantee institution can optimize the management process, form personalized service of post-loan management, share the management cost of the bank and eliminate the worries of the bank.
Secondly, after the risk is released, the advantages of loan guarantee institutions are irreplaceable. There are risks in the project of bank direct loan, and the disposal of collateral often takes a long time, with high litigation cost and poor liquidity. The cash compensation of guarantee institutions has greatly solved the problems that banks are difficult to deal with. Some loan guarantee institutions can compensate after loans overdue 1 month (or even three days of investment guarantee), and the bank's non-performing loans will be eliminated in time, and then the loan guarantee institutions will resolve the risks through their more flexible handling methods compared with banks.
On the other hand, the loan company has a fast time limit. The bank's inherent loan model and process are easy to cause a lot of time waste for SME owners, and the efficiency is difficult to guarantee; The guarantee company just embodies the flexible and changeable mode of designing special financing schemes for different enterprises.
Furthermore, the credit given by the loan company on the basis of mortgage greatly exceeds the value of the mortgaged assets. Provide more demand funds for SMEs. Many investment guarantee companies have gained the full trust of banks in the standardized and efficient operation of post-loan management and loan risk resolution. Some cooperative banks outsource post-loan collection and loan asset disposal to guarantee companies, and the cooperation effect between the two parties is good.
Operating conditions of loan companies
(1) The investor is a domestic commercial bank or a rural cooperative bank;
(2) Its assets are not less than 500,000 yuan;
(3) Good corporate governance and sound and effective internal control;
(four) the main prudential supervision indicators meet the regulatory requirements;
(5) Other prudential conditions stipulated by the CBRC.