Geographical location: Xi 'an is located in Guanzhong Basin in the middle of the Yellow River Basin, with east longitude107 40 ′ ~109 49 ′ and north latitude 33 39 ′ ~ 34 45 ′. The eastern part is bounded by Zero River and Yuanqiu Mountain, and is connected with hua county, Weinan, Shangzhou and Luonan counties. The western part is bounded by Taibai Mountain and Qinghai Loess Plateau, bordering Meixian County and Taibai County. South to the main ridge of the North Qinling Mountains, bordering Foping County, ningshan county County and Zhashui County; It reaches Weihe River in the north and crosses Weihe River in the northeast, and is adjacent to Xianyang City, Yangling District, Sanyuan, Jingyang, Xingping, Wugong, Fufeng County and Fuping County.
Administrative division: Xi 'an is 204 kilometers long from east to west and 1 16 kilometers long from north to south; It covers an area of 9983 square kilometers, including urban area 1066 square kilometers. Beilin district, Lianhu, Yanta, weiyang district, Baqiao, yanliang district, Lintong, Chang 'an, Lantian, Gaoling, Huxian and zhouzhi county.
Climate: Xi 'an Plain is a warm temperate semi-humid continental monsoon climate with four distinct seasons. Winter is cold, windy, foggy and less rainy and snowy; Spring is warm, dry, windy and the climate is changeable; Summer is hot and rainy, drought is prominent, and there are many thunderstorms and strong winds; In autumn, the weather is cool, the temperature drops rapidly, and the rain decreases obviously. The annual average temperature is 13.0 ~ 13.4℃, the most Leng Yue average temperature is -0.4 ~ 0.9℃, the hottest month average temperature is 25 ~ 26.6℃, and the annual extreme minimum temperature is -20.6℃ (An199565438+/kloc- July and September are two obvious precipitation peaks. The annual sunshine hours are 1983 ~ 2267 hours, and the maximum wind direction is northeast wind (Xi 'an). The main meteorological disasters during the year were drought, waterlogging, hail, strong wind, dry-hot wind and low-temperature freezing injury.
Mineral resources: Xi 'an stratum has complex development and diverse structural types, which provides favorable conditions for the formation of various mineral resources. 47 kinds of mineral resources have been discovered, including 2 1 kind of metallic minerals, 22 kinds of nonmetallic minerals, 2 kinds of energy minerals and 2 kinds of other minerals. Most metallic and nonmetallic minerals are distributed in South Qinling Mountains. The plain area north of Qinling Mountains has good geological conditions for storing geothermal water. The exploitable geothermal area in the urban area alone is about 780 square kilometers, and the recoverable reserves of geothermal water are about 539 million cubic meters.
Xi 'an History: Xi 'an, known as Chang 'an in ancient times, is also known as Xi Du, Xijing, Daxing City, Jingzhao City and Fengyuan City. It is the city with the most dynasties and the longest history in the history of China. From the Western Zhou Dynasty, when slavery reached its peak, to the Tang Dynasty, when feudal society reached its peak, there were 12 dynasties, including the Western Zhou Dynasty, Qin Dynasty, Western Han Dynasty, Xin Dynasty, Western Jin Dynasty (Yu), former Zhao Dynasty, former Qin Dynasty, later Qin Dynasty, Western Wei Dynasty, Northern Zhou Dynasty, Sui Dynasty and Tang Dynasty, and its capital reached 165438+. It is also the capital of peasant uprising regimes such as Chimei, Lvlin, Daqi (Huang Chao) and Dashun (Li Zicheng). From about 1 1 century BC to the end of 9th century A.D., An was the political, economic and cultural center of ancient China, and was always under the jurisdiction of local administrative organs-Zhou, County, Fu, Lu, Province, Chang 'an, Xianning and other counties. In most dynasties, Xi 'an was subordinate to Jingzhao Prefecture (county), which was a county-level organizational system. In the Yuan Dynasty, Jingzhao was changed to Anxi Road (later changed to Fengyuan Road). In the second year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (AD 1369), Fengyuan Road was abandoned and xi Anfu was established, hence the name An. 1928 was first established as a city in Xi, and 1948 was changed from a provincial city to a city under the jurisdiction of the Executive Yuan of the National Government. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), Xi 'an was once a municipality directly under the Central Government of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region, a municipality directly under the Central Government of the Northwest Administrative Region, and a city with separate plans. 1954 has been the capital of Shaanxi province, and now it is a sub-provincial city, which governs Xincheng, Beilin, Lianhu, Baqiao, Weiyang, Yanta, Yanliang and Linyang.
Xi is located at the junction of the central and western economic zones in China. It is the gateway and transportation hub for northwest provinces to southwest, central plains and east China. It is the largest central city on the new line of Longhai Lan, the second Eurasian continental bridge, and has an important strategic position in the overall economic layout of the country. With its superior geographical location and profound historical origins, Xi 'an has become the largest commodity circulation center and material distribution center in the northwest of China. Xi has a long history and rich human resources, ranking first among the six ancient capitals in China, one of the four civilized ancient capitals in the world and a famous tourist center city. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), Xi has rapidly developed into an important industrial base in China, especially a national defense industrial base, a scientific research base and a higher education base.
The main historical event Xi is a city with a history of more than 3000 years of civilization. In this ancient land, there have been countless far-reaching historical events. About 1 1 century BC, Zhou Wenwang established Fengjing on the west bank of the Fenghe River, and after the King Wu succeeded to the throne, he destroyed the business and established Haojing on the east bank of the Fenghe River, which created Xi 'an's long-term historical position as the political, economic and cultural center of ancient China. In 84 1 BC, Haojing "China Uprising" was the earliest large-scale uprising to expel the king in the history of China. The "rule of Cheng Kang" in the early Western Zhou Dynasty marked the heyday of slavery society in China. Qin Xiaogong's "Shang Yang Reform" was a major social reform for China to enter the feudal society. The "Zhenguan Rule" and "Kaiyuan Rule" in the Tang Dynasty marked the peak of China's feudal society. In BC 138, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent Zhang Qian to the Western Regions and officially opened the Silk Road, which started from Chang 'an and connected Eurasia.
In 582 AD, Emperor Wendi of the Sui Dynasty issued a decree to establish a new capital, Daxing City, in Xi 'an, southeast of Chang 'an City in Han Dynasty. After the establishment of the Tang Dynasty, it was renamed Chang 'an. The construction of Chang 'an City in Sui and Tang Dynasties lasted for 72 years, from the second year of Emperor Wen (AD 582) to the fifth year of Tang Gaozong Yonghui (AD 654). The urban area is 84. 1 km2, with neat layout and strict east-west symmetry. It is divided into three parts: Miyagi, Imperial City and Outer City. The layout of urban structure fully embodies the grandeur of the heyday of feudal society, and has epoch-making influence in the architectural history and urban history of China.
During the old democratic revolution, the people of Xi fought to overthrow the decadent and reactionary Qing government. In the first year of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty (1862), the Chen Decai Department of Taiping Army besieged Xi 'an, defeated the Qing army in Sanzhao and Duqu, and sowed the fire of armed uprising in Xi 'an. Later, the Hui uprising broke out in Shaanxi. In the fifth year of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty (1866), xi Nian army entered Shaanxi and defeated the Qing army at Shilipu in the eastern suburb of Xi. These large-scale peasant uprising wars echoed with the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom uprising in the south, shaking the rule of the Qing Dynasty in the northwest.
19 1 1 year, after the Xinhai Revolution broke out in Wuchang, Xi 'an was one of the first provincial capitals to respond to the revolution. Shaanxi revolutionaries and Gervais launched an uprising in 10122 October. After two days of fierce fighting, they took control of xi 'an, which not only overthrew the rule of the Qing Dynasty in Shaanxi, but also strongly supported the Wuchang Uprising, broke the dream of the Qing Dynasty trying to counterattack based on the northwest, and promoted the arrival of the climax of the northern revolution.
19 19, the May 4th Movement kicked off the new-democratic revolution. When the news reached Xi 'an, patriotic students stood up and responded, demonstrated, organized speeches, aroused the people, publicized and boycotted Japanese goods, set up Shaanxi Students' Federation, sent representatives to Beijing to petition, and shouted: "My Shaanxi students are famous for their patriotism and hold high the banner of justice. How can they be descendants! Raise your arms and swear to be a shield for Beijing students; Ascend to the distance and call for the loyalty of the people. " Xi 'an's student movement strongly responded to and supported the student movement in Beijing.
During the first climax of 1924- 1927 New Democratic Revolution, the national army supporting Sun Yat-sen's revolutionary regime expelled the warlord Liu Zhenhua from Shaanxi and took control of xi 'an on 1925. 1925 10 month. Xi The first China * * * production party organization-the special branch of China * * * production party was born. When the northern warlords fought back against the national army, Liu Zhenhua led the town to besiege for eight months. Under the leadership of Li Huchen and Yang Hucheng, the soldiers and civilians in Xi 'an overcame the serious difficulties of lack of food, rose up and fought, and saved Xi 'an's revolutionary position to the death. When the Northern Expedition advanced to Central China, the national armies and allied forces entered Xi 'an. With the joint efforts of CPC party member and Kuomintang leftists, Xi 'an's revolutionary movement is surging. At the beginning of 1927, * * * producers Liu Hanchu, Shi Kexuan, Deng Xiaoping and others founded Sun Yat-sen College and Sun Yat-sen Military Academy in Xi 'an, and trained a large number of revolutionary backbones. The peasant movement near Xi 'an also flourished, leaving a glorious page in the modern revolutionary history of China.
"Nine? After the "18th Incident", the Northeast fell, and Japanese militarism stepped in and stepped up its aggression against China. At the critical juncture of national survival, 65,438+0936,65,438+02,65,438+02, patriotic generals Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng, focusing on national justice, resolutely launched the "Xi Incident" that shocked China and foreign countries, and urged Chiang Kai-shek to "stop the civil war and unite with the outside world", which was full of patriotic enthusiasm and strongly inspired the people of the whole country. The peaceful settlement of the Xi 'an incident promoted the second cooperation between the two countries, laid the foundation for the unity of the whole nation against Japan, and became a major turning point in China's modern history.
During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, the staff of Xi local organization of China * * * Production Party and the Eighth Route Army office in Xi overcame many difficulties, constantly consolidated and expanded the anti-Japanese national united front, and made important contributions to War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's victory.
1949 On May 20th, China People's Liberation Army liberated Xi 'an. On May 24th, the Military Control Committee of China People's Liberation Army was established, with He Long as the director and Jia Tuofu, Zhao Shoushan and Gan Siqi as the deputy directors. On May 25th, the Municipal People's Government was established as mayor, with Fang Zhongru as the first deputy mayor and Zhang as the second deputy mayor. Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and the people's government, Xi entered a brand-new historical stage.
Historical celebrities: Xi, the ancient capital, has a long history, rich humanities and talented people. More than 1000 people have been listed in the Twenty-Five History and other history books. They were born and raised in Sri Lanka or lived and started businesses for a long time, but they all made brilliant achievements and made great contributions to the development and evolution of the Chinese nation. Such as ancient politicians Zhou Gong, Lu Shang, Shang Yang, Lv Buwei, Chao Cuo, Xiao He, Sean and Zhang Chang; Thinker Dong Zhongshu; Historians Sima Qian, Ban Gu, Du You and Liu Zhiji; Inventor Ma Jun; Architect Yu Wenkai; Medical scientist Sun Simiao; Astronomers Luo, Li, Monk and his party; Military strategists Zhou Yafu, Huo Qubing and Wei Qing; Jurists Zhang Shizhi and Zhang Tang; Agronomists Zhao Guo and Yan Shengzhi; Painters Wu Daozi, Yan, Chu Suiliang, Yan Zhenqing and Liu Gongquan; Writers and poets Li Bai, Du Fu, Bai Juyi, Wang Wei, Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan, Sima Xiangru and Du Mu; Translator and traveler Xuanzang; Diplomat Zhang Qian; Geographers Jia Dan and Li Jifu; Mathematician Wang Xiaotong; Bibliographers Liu Xiang and Liu Xin; , Zhang Zai, Wang, Feng Congwu. In modern times, there were revolutionaries Zhang Fengsui, Yu, and Yu Youren. Early * * * party member Shi Kexuan, Wei Yechou and Lei Jinsheng; Water expert Li Yizhi; Famous journalist Zhang Jiluan; Modern poet king; Painter Yan,,, Shi Lu; Famous writers and dramatists Sun, Ma Jianling and Feng Zhimo.
Xi specialty
Traditional snacks:
Xi's food culture has a long history and has formed a unique food system. Dumpling banquet, imitation Tang banquet and beef mutton soup are called the "three musts" of Xi cuisine.
Beef and mutton paomo-beef and mutton paomo is characterized by heavy ingredients, thick rotten soup, attractive aroma, endless aftertaste after eating, and the function of warming the stomach. Beef and mutton paomo is the most distinctive and influential food in Xi. It was called "mutton soup" in ancient times. In the Song Dynasty, Su Shi wrote a poem "There is bear wax in the dragon, and Qin only cooks mutton soup". The cooking technology of mutton bread in soup is very strict, and the technology in cook the meat is also very particular. The production method is as follows: first, clean the high-quality beef and mutton, add seasonings such as onion, ginger, pepper, star anise, fennel, cinnamon, etc. when cooking, and cook until it is rotten, and the soup is reserved. Steamed bread is a kind of scone made of white flour. When eating, break it into pieces the size of soybeans and put it in a bowl. Then the chef put a certain amount of cooked meat and original soup in the bowl, and made it with a single spoon of Chinese cabbage powder, cooking wine, vermicelli, salt, monosodium glutamate and other seasonings. The way to eat beef and mutton buns is also very unique. There is mutton stew, which means that customers eat and soak themselves, and there are also dry soups, which means that the soup completely penetrates into the buns. After eating steamed bread and meat, the soup in the bowl is also finished. Another way of eating is called "Water Besieging the City", that is, boiling wide soup, putting the cooked steamed bread and meat in the middle of the bowl, surrounded by soup. This way, the broth is fresh, the meat is rotten and fragrant, and the steamed bread is tough and delicious. If served with hot sauce, sugar and garlic, it will have a special taste. It is a rare high-grade tonic. There are many mutton paomo restaurants in Xi 'an, among which the old brands are "Laosunjia" and "Tongshengxiang".
Cucurbit Chicken-Features: crispy skin and tender meat, mellow rotten fragrance, known as "the first taste in Chang 'an". Technology: The traditional selection of Xi 'an Hulu Chicken is "Japanese Chicken" from Sanyao Village in the south of Xi 'an. This kind of chicken has been carefully raised for a year, with a net weight of about one catty and fresh and tender meat. When making, you need to go through three processes, first boiling, steaming in a cage and then frying. Before cooking, white striped chicken must be rinsed in clean water for half an hour to remove blood stains. When cooking, first tie the chicken into a gourd shape with hemp thread, and put the chicken into the pot when the cold water in the pot boils to keep the shape of the chicken. Boil for about half an hour, take it out, put it in a steaming basin, pour in broth, add yellow wine, soy sauce and salt, add onion, ginger, star anise and cinnamon, and steam thoroughly in a cage. When cooking, after the rapeseed oil is boiled, put the chicken in the oil pan, gently turn it with a spoon, fry for about half a minute, immediately pour it into the iron filter to drain the oil, then serve it on a plate and prepare a small dish of salt to dip it in.
Powder soup sheep blood-Powder soup sheep blood is refined through three steps: mixing blood, seasoning and soaking bread. When eating, the sheep blood is fresh and tender, the entrance is smooth, the flavor is coordinated, and it is spicy and fragrant. Because most of the seasonings used are traditional Chinese medicines that warm the middle warmer, strengthen the stomach and enlighten the senses, they are especially favored by elderly customers with weak stomach and intestines. Features: fresh and tender sheep blood, smooth entrance, harmonious flavor and spicy fragrance.
The meat in the steamed stuffed bun is called "the meat in the steamed stuffed bun". In ancient Chinese, the meat is called bacon, which is a kind of pushi meat made in a pot, but it is crisp and rotten than ordinary sauce meat and tastes fresh and long. Because of the exquisite selection of materials, comprehensive seasoning and the use of soup stock, bacon is different and has obvious characteristics. People praised it as: "Fat meat is not greasy, and lean meat can't be full of oil." "If you don't bite the meat with your teeth, it will rot, and the fragrance will last for a long time after eating."
Golden thread oil tower-Golden thread oil tower is a traditional precious snack in the ancient city of Xi. Its layer is silky, loose but not greasy, and its shape is "like a golden thread, falling like a pine tower", hence the name. Legend has it that it began in the Tang Dynasty and was originally named "Oil Collapse". In the Qing Dynasty, the first-class flour, pig's plate oil and other raw materials were selected, the layers of oil cakes were increased, the cake shape was changed into a tower shape, the frying was changed into steaming, and the name was changed from "oil collapse" to "golden thread oil tower", which became a beautiful spot. When the oil tower is used to steam cooked food in a cage, it is lightly shaken by hand, put on a plate, and served with onion knots, sweet noodle sauce and so on, which has a unique flavor.
Huang Gui persimmon cake-It is said that more than 300 years ago, Li Zicheng became the Queen of Xi 'an, and Lintong people used fire crystal persimmon to mix flour and baked it into persimmon cake to comfort the rebel army, which was highly praised by the soldiers of the rebel army. Later, in memory of Li Zicheng and the Rebel Army, every family in Lintong baked some persimmons every year when the persimmons were ripe. Over time, it evolved into today's Huang Gui persimmon cake. Main raw materials: fire crystal persimmon, flour, sugar, osmanthus fragrans, walnut kernel, shredded pork, orange cake, crystal sugar and oil. Features: Persimmon flour cake baked with fire crystal persimmon flour is golden in color, soft, sweet but not greasy, and fragrant.
Urban development
Urban construction: in 200 1 year, the city's urban and rural construction work focused on the western development and Xi' an strategy, and achieved good results in urban infrastructure, appearance engineering construction, real estate development, construction market improvement, and urban comprehensive management. The annual urban construction funds totaled 2.07 billion yuan, accounting for 9.6 1% of the annual planned investment scale. Investment in real estate development is 6.742 billion yuan, investment in construction industry is 6.5438+0.78 billion yuan, and investment in rural infrastructure construction is 250 million yuan. Key urban infrastructure projects, such as Heihe Water Control Project, Nanjiao Water Plant Project, urban water distribution network reconstruction project, urban road network and drainage network reconstruction project, the first phase of natural gas city gasification project, urban river regulation project, etc., have all achieved the planned objectives. The infrastructure of the "Three Parks" project began to be built. Project financing has completed the preliminary work of applying for loans of 920 million yuan from China Development Bank, 85 million yuan and 9.764 billion yen from municipal commercial banks, and about 654.38+53 billion yuan of national debt funds have been implemented. The cost of urban construction was 420 million yuan, basically the same as that of the same period last year. Expenditure on labor insurance was 82.52 million yuan, up 14% year-on-year.
Transportation and communication: in 200 1 year, the transportation and post industry focused on the city's economic work objectives and tasks, ensured that all indicators of transportation and post were completed as planned, focused on improving the quality and efficiency of transportation and post, and strengthened comprehensive coordination, which played a positive role in the sustained, rapid and healthy development of Xi's national economy. Xi Railway Sub-bureau completed 20.6 million passengers throughout the year, accounting for 93.09% of the planned 2,265,438+10,000 passengers, down 3.29% from the previous year. The cargo delivered was 34.82 million tons, which was 65.438+065.438+02.29% higher than the planned annual output of the previous year. The freight volume of Xi highway transportation enterprises reached 7.837 million tons, accounting for 65,438+007.65% of the annual planned freight volume, an increase of 65,438+04.69% over the previous year. Passenger traffic reached 33.995 million passengers, accounting for 65.438+002.38% of the annual planned passenger traffic, an increase of 7.36% over the previous year. Xi Xianyang International Airport has completed 4.07 million passenger trips, an increase of 5. 16% over the previous year. The freight and postal transport volume was 88,400 tons, an increase of 65,438+00.99% over the previous year. The postal revenue of the Municipal Post Office is 4 1 100 million yuan, which is 100% of the annual plan, an increase of 16.2% over the previous year. The business income of the Municipal Telecom Branch was 182 1 100 million yuan, which was 100% of the annual plan, an increase of 12.8% over the previous year. The business department of Xi 'an, a provincial mobile communication company, realized mobile communication income of165438+55 million yuan, an increase of 13.98% over the previous year. The total freight volume of the three modes of transportation in Xi 'an was about 69,579,800 tons, an increase of 5.0 1% over the previous year's 66,255,700 tons. Among them, the road freight volume of the whole society accounts for about 55% of Xi' an freight volume; The freight volume of Xi 'an Railway Sub-bureau accounts for 44.8% of Xi 'an freight volume. The freight volume of Xi Xianyang International Airport accounts for about 2% of Xi's freight volume.
Development zone:
Xi 'an High-tech Development Zone: The national Xi 'an High-tech Industrial Development Zone (hereinafter referred to as "Xi 'an High-tech Development Zone") was established in June 199 1. Located in the southern suburb of Xi, where scientific research, cultural and educational units are relatively concentrated, with a total planned area of 34 square kilometers, the development and construction have been completed 15 square kilometers. Xi High-tech Zone has built six professional parks, four university parks and Chang 'an science and technology industrial base, forming an industrial development pattern of "ten parks and one base".
After ten years of construction and development, Xi High-tech Zone has initially formed a modern new urban area with perfect basic supporting facilities, advanced and efficient management system and operation mechanism, remarkable scientific and technological innovation achievements, active factor markets, obvious talent gathering effect, complete functions in scientific research, production and life, especially in promoting technological innovation and developing high-tech products with independent national intellectual property rights.
Xi 'an Economic and Technological Development Zone: located outside the North Gate of Xi 'an, on both sides of Weiyang Road, the north-south central axis, with a planned total area of 23.5 square kilometers, of which the planned area of the first phase is 9.88 square kilometers. The development zone is 5.5 kilometers away from the city center, only 5.5 kilometers away from Xi 'an Railway Passenger and Freight Station and only 25 minutes' drive from Xi 'an International Airport. It is the only way for the city to reach the airport, with obvious location advantages, and it is an ideal investment hotspot.
Development Zone 1993 10 officially started construction, and was approved as a national development zone by the State Council in February 2000. Over the past nine years, under the correct leadership of the Municipal Party Committee and the Municipal Government, and with the care and support of the relevant departments of the central government, provinces and cities, the Development Zone has earnestly implemented the policy of "focusing on establishing foreign-funded enterprises, industrial enterprises and export-oriented enterprises, and devoting itself to the industrialization of high and new technologies", making self-reliance, actively exploring, boldly innovating in concepts, systems and management, opening to the outside world in an all-round way, and striving to establish self-accumulation.
Xi 'an Qujiang Tourist Resort: (hereinafter referred to as the Resort) is a provincial-level tourist resort approved by the Shaanxi Provincial People's Government (Shaanxi Government Office Letter (1993) 189). It is an important measure for Xi to establish the strategic decision of tourism leading industry and a key project for the construction of tourism facilities in provinces and cities.
The resort is located in the southeast of An, centered on the famous Wild Goose Pagoda and Qujiang Royal Garden Site, with a planned area of 15.88 square kilometers. It is an important part of the planned An: as a central city, it is also a key area for Xi's urban construction in the next five years. The region is rich in historical and cultural heritage and numerous places of interest. It is a gathering place of natural scenery, human landscape, folk customs and modern urban culture, and is rich in tourism resources. Among them, the Wild Goose Pagoda Scenic Area has become a must for Chinese and foreign tourists to come to Xi. 200 1 year received 2.6 million tourists, including 460,000 overseas tourists.
The development and construction of the resort will inherit and carry forward the advantages of China's traditional culture, explore and make use of Qujiang's historical and cultural heritage, learn from the experience of resort construction at home and abroad, form a thousand acres of water surface in Qujiang South and Beihu Lake, and build a number of large-scale comprehensive tourism projects with participation and entertainment, with the goal of building it into a national tourist resort integrating tourism, sightseeing, leisure and vacation.