National borrowing is the main form of national foreign debt, including loans from foreign governments, loans from international financial organizations and loans from international commercial organizations. ?
1. Foreign government loans refer to preferential loans provided by one government to another, which have a certain gift nature. It has the nature of intergovernmental development assistance or partial donation, and is also called bilateral loan in international statistics. Together with multilateral loans, it constitutes official credit.
Loans from international financial organizations are loans provided by international financial institutions jointly invested and managed by some governments, aiming at helping member countries to develop resources, develop their economies and balance their international payments.
3. Its loan targets mainly include the following aspects: providing long-term loans to developing countries, mainly for developing basic industries, providing long-term loans to low-income poor countries for development projects and cultural and educational construction, and providing small-scale long-term loans to private enterprises in developing countries. National debt is a special form of debt, which has the following characteristics compared with the general creditor-debtor relationship:
4. From the subject of legal relationship, the creditors of national debt can be citizens, legal persons or other organizations at home and abroad, or the government and international financial organizations of a certain country or region, while the debtors can only be countries.
Extended data:
Statistical monitoring and management of national external debt
During the period of 1987, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange issued the Interim Provisions on Statistical Monitoring of Foreign Debt, which stipulated that the state should implement a registration management system for foreign debt. 65438-0989 The State Administration of Foreign Exchange issued detailed rules for the implementation of foreign debt registration.
1In February 1996, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange issued the Notice on Further Strengthening the Statistical Monitoring of Foreign Debt. According to the relevant regulations, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange is the national foreign debt management registration department, and foreign debt registration is divided into regular registration and regular registration. Regular registration of foreign debts includes foreign debts borrowed by domestic banks and non-bank financial institutions.
The Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation, the People's Bank of China, the Ministry of Agriculture and the Bank of China are respectively responsible for loans from foreign governments and loans from international financial organizations. Foreign debts registered by stages refer to foreign debts borrowed by other domestic departments and enterprises (including foreign-invested enterprises) except for regular registration.
National foreign debt repayment management
National foreign debt repayment management includes currency selection, interest calculation, repayment methods and fund arrangement. The currency used to repay the foreign debt mainly depends on the provisions of the loan agreement, which can be the currency of the creditor country, the currency of the debtor country or the currency of a third country.
The calculation method of foreign debt interest is different from that of domestic debt. Generally, the compound interest method is adopted, that is, after a certain period (usually 1 year), the generated interest is added to the principal to recalculate the interest, which is calculated in stages.
Baidu Encyclopedia-National Foreign Debt