PPP(Public-Private Partnership), also known as PPP mode, is a project operation mode in public infrastructure.
In this mode, private enterprises and private capital are encouraged to cooperate with * * * and participate in * * * public infrastructure construction. Project PPP mode is an optimized project financing and implementation mode, which takes "win-win" or "win-win" of all participants as the basic concept of cooperation. Its typical structure is that the * * * department or local * * * signs a franchise contract with the special purpose company established by the winning bidder through * * * procurement (the special purpose company is generally a joint-stock company composed of the winning construction company, service management company or the third party investing in the project).
* * * Direct agreements are usually reached with financial institutions that provide loans. This agreement is not an agreement to guarantee the project, but an agreement to promise the lending institution to pay the relevant fees according to the contract signed with the special purpose company. The agreement enables special purpose companies to obtain loans from financial institutions more smoothly. First of all, PPP is a new project financing model.
PPP financing is a project-oriented financing activity and a form of project financing. Financing is mainly arranged according to the expected income, assets and support of the project, not according to the credit of the project investors or sponsors. The direct income from the project operation and the benefit from the transformation through the support of * * * are the sources of funds to repay the loan, and the assets of the project company and the limited commitment given by * * * are the security guarantee of the loan.
Second, PPP financing mode can allow more private capital to participate in the project, improve efficiency and reduce risks. This is exactly what the current project financing model encourages.
* * * The public sector cooperates with the private enterprise in the whole process based on the franchise agreement, and both parties are responsible for the whole operation cycle of the project. The operation rules of PPP financing mode enable private enterprises to participate in the preliminary work such as confirmation, design and feasibility study of urban rail transit projects, which not only reduces the investment risk of private enterprises, but also introduces the management methods and technologies of private enterprises into the project, which can effectively control the construction and operation of the project, thus helping to reduce the investment risk of project construction and better protect the interests of the state and private enterprises.
This is of practical significance for shortening the project construction period, reducing the project operating cost and even the asset-liability ratio. Third, the PPP model can ensure that private capital is "profitable" to some extent.
The investment goal of the private sector is to seek projects that can repay loans and return on investment, and unprofitable infrastructure projects cannot attract private capital investment. By adopting PPP mode, * * * can give private investors corresponding policy support as compensation, such as tax incentives, loan guarantees, giving private enterprises priority in developing land along the route, etc.
By implementing these policies, the enthusiasm of private capital to invest in urban rail transit projects can be improved. Fourthly, PPP mode can improve the service quality of urban rail transit on the premise of reducing the investment burden and risk of initial construction.
Under the PPP mode, the public sector and private enterprises participate in the construction and operation of urban rail transit, and private enterprises are responsible for project financing, which may increase the project capital and reduce the asset-liability ratio. This will not only save the investment of * * * *, but also transfer some risks of the project to private enterprises, thus reducing the risks of * * * *. At the same time, the two sides can form a long-term goal of mutual benefit and better serve the society and the public.
References:
PPP- *** Cooperation with social capital.
What does PPP project mean?
It refers to a cooperative project in which * * * forms a partnership with a private organization based on a franchise agreement in order to provide some public goods and services, and defines the rights and obligations of both parties through signing a contract to ensure the smooth completion of cooperation.
PPP project is a marriage of * * * and social capital. In the going-out PPP project, our China company, as a social capital from outside the host country, should make good preparations in the love period (from the aspects of law, contract and investment structure design in the early stage of the project), so as to ensure the harmony and stability of marriage in the next few decades and ensure that it is in a more active position when the crisis occurs.
Extended data:
PPP is the abbreviation of "Public-Private Partnership" in English, which is literally translated as "public-private partnership" in Chinese. In short, it refers to a way for the public sector to provide public goods or services by establishing partnerships with the private sector. Although the private sector has been involved in providing public goods or services for a long time, the emergence of PPP terms is only a matter of nearly ten years. Prior to this, concepts, BOT and PFI were widely used.
PPP itself is a very broad concept, and with different ideologies, it is difficult for countries all over the world to reach a * * * understanding of the exact connotation of PPP. German scholar NorbertPortz even thinks that it is almost meaningless to try to summarize what PPP is or should be. It has no fixed definition, so it is difficult to study the origin of this vague English word. The exact meaning of PPP should be determined according to different situations.
Reference source Baidu Encyclopedia-PPP project.
What is ppp? Is it true?/You don't say.
PPP mode refers to * * * in order to enhance the supply capacity of public goods and services and improve the supply efficiency, all kinds of public service infrastructure projects that should be funded by * * * are no longer implemented by * * alone, but jointly implemented by * * * and social capital, with * * * playing a supervisory and management role.
For example, a county wants to build a garbage incineration station, which was originally invested by the government. Now, after adopting PPP mode, enterprises interested in the project can negotiate with * * *, and after the operation process of PPP project, hand over the project to enterprises for implementation. After the completion of the project, * * * can give this enterprise the franchise right to operate the waste incineration station within the cooperation period. After the cooperation expires, the enterprise will hand over the waste incineration station to * * *.
The first advantage of this is that it can expand the investment field, so that the public facilities field dominated by * * * can be invested by enterprises, and the investment scope of enterprises is expanded. The second is to reduce the financial pressure. Many public facilities are in urgent need of construction, but financial funds may not be enough. At this time, attracting social capital to build can effectively alleviate the financial pressure. The third is to promote the functional transformation of * * *, which can free up more time and energy to do a good job in management and service by changing from the past construction party to the supervision and management party.
What is PPP project in engineering construction?
With the in-depth development of the Belt and Road strategy, a large number of China energy and infrastructure enterprises explore and carry out "going out" to participate in overseas PPP projects.
In public-private partnership projects, the identity of China companies (whether state-owned or private) is the second "P". That is, a "private" investor from outside the host country signed a project agreement with the first "P" (the host country or a state-owned company representing * * *) for decades to build, finance, operate and maintain the important infrastructure and energy project assets of the host country.
PPP project is a marriage of * * * and social capital. In the going-out PPP project, our China company, as a social capital from outside the host country, should make good preparations in the love period (from the aspects of law, contract and investment structure design in the early stage of the project), so as to ensure the harmony and stability of marriage in the next few decades and ensure that it is in a more active position when the crisis occurs.
Extended data:
In essence, PPP mode is a whole-process cooperative relationship between * * * and social capital to provide public goods or services. Based on the granting of franchise, it is characterized by sharing interests and risks. By introducing market competition and incentive and restraint mechanisms, we can give full play to the advantages of both sides and provide the quality and supply efficiency of public goods or services. That is, the model of "benefit sharing, risk sharing and all-round cooperation" between * * * and enterprises is established, and a benign interactive pattern of "supervision, enterprise operation and social evaluation" is formed.
The core of PPP mode is to introduce market mechanism in the field of public services. Therefore, it is not only a simple financing method, but also a mechanism and system design. Popularizing PPP model in urban infrastructure construction and operation can introduce moderate market competition in urban infrastructure field, realize social welfare, improve infrastructure service quality, bring reasonable return on investment to enterprises, and enhance the efficiency and ability of sustainable operation of public infrastructure.
References:
Baidu encyclopedia -PPP project.
What is a ppp model project?
PPP (public-private-partnership) is the abbreviation of public-private-partnership, which means that based on the concession agreement, in order to jointly build urban infrastructure projects or provide some public products and services, the rights and obligations of both parties are clarified by signing contracts to ensure the smooth completion of cooperation, and finally the parties can obtain more favorable results than expected through their own actions.
1. Public-private partnership (PPP) has attracted wide attention at home and abroad because of its * * * participation in the whole operation process. PPP mode transfers part of * * *' s responsibilities to social subjects (enterprises) in the form of franchising, and * * * and social subjects establish a * * body relationship of "enjoying benefits, taking risks and cooperating all the way", thus reducing the financial burden of * * and reducing the investment risk of social subjects. PPP mode is more suitable for garbage disposal with strong public welfare or one of its links, such as hazardous waste disposal and domestic garbage incineration and landfill disposal. This model needs to choose cooperation projects reasonably and consider the form, procedure, channel, scope and degree of * * * participation, which is worth exploring and puzzling.
2.PPP can be divided into three categories: outsourcing, franchising and privatization:
(1) outsourcing class
PPP projects are generally invested by * * *, and the private sector contracts one or several functions in the whole project, such as only being responsible for engineering construction, or being entrusted by * * * to manage and maintain facilities or provide some public services, so as to realize benefits through * * *. In outsourcing PPP projects, the risks borne by the private sector are relatively small.
(2) Franchise category
The project requires the private sector to participate in part or all of the investment, and share the project risks and benefits with the public sector through certain cooperation mechanisms. According to the actual income of the project, the public * * * department may charge a certain franchise fee or give the franchise company some compensation, which requires the public * * * department to coordinate the balance between the profits of the private sector and the public welfare of the project, so the success of the franchise project depends largely on the management level of the relevant departments. By establishing an effective supervision mechanism, franchise projects can give full play to their respective advantages, save the construction and operation costs of the whole project, and improve the quality of public services. The assets of the project are ultimately retained by the public sector, so there is generally a transfer process of the right to use and ownership, that is, the private sector is required to transfer the right to use or ownership of the project to the public sector after the end of the contract.
(3) Privatization
PPP projects require the private sector to be responsible for all the investment of the project, and under the supervision of * * * *, recover the investment by charging users for profit. Since the ownership of privatized public-private partnership projects is permanently owned by private individuals and there is no limited recourse, the private sector bears the greatest risk in such public-private partnership projects.
3. Success story 3. PPP financing model
(1) Of the 82 courses owned by the four most famous professional league clubs in the United States (MLB, NBA, NFL and NHL), 3 1% adopt PPP mode;
(2) The London Underground adopts PPP financing mode;
(3) By the end of 2006, 794 PPP agreements had been signed in Britain, the earliest country to apply PPP mode, with a total investment of 55 billion pounds;
(4) From 2004 to 2007, * * * 23 public projects in Brazil became the first bidding project, with a total investment of about 6.534 billion US dollars;
(5) By the end of 2009, Smart Things had completed more than 36 projects with an investment of 6 billion US dollars.
What does ppp project mean?
PPP mode, that is, public-private partnership, also known as public-private partnership mode, is a long-term cooperative relationship between * * * and social capital in infrastructure and public * * * services.
Take the lighting PPP project as an example. It is a lighting project aimed at municipal lighting facilities in cities. Through integrated energy efficiency upgrading, it is realized by cooperation between * * * and social capital, and it is responsible for operating for a certain number of years to realize a new win-win mode, namely the PPP cooperative operation mode of smart city lighting. In the PPP cooperative operation mode of smart city lighting based on SECOING high-voltage HID xenon street lamp intelligent lighting system, the operation management company carries out daily operation and maintenance on the existing municipal lighting facilities in the contracted area, upgrades the smart city lighting, and gradually replaces the original municipal lighting infrastructure (light source, electrical appliances, lamps, poles, transformers, cables, distribution boxes, etc.), thus comprehensively improving the overall municipal lighting effect within the jurisdiction, realizing the intelligent management of urban lighting, and ensuring the stable operation of the overall municipal road lighting facilities.
* * * Transfer the franchise of public lighting resources, supervise and purchase lighting services; Invested by social capital, with operation management company as the main body, long-term operation, obedience to supervision, scientific management and self-financing, the integrated system will be upgraded.
What is a ppp project?
PPP (public-private partnership) is one of the most popular words in 20 14, which refers to a partnership between * * * and private organizations, based on franchise agreements, in order to jointly build urban infrastructure projects or provide some public products and services, and to define the rights and obligations of both parties through signing contracts to ensure the smooth completion of cooperation.
With the intensive introduction of PPP policies by the Ministry of Finance and the National Development and Reform Commission, various provinces and cities have continuously introduced PPP projects, and China's PPP market has officially entered the stage of large-scale operation, bringing about comprehensive innovations in urban development, public services, infrastructure construction, energy conservation and environmental protection, tourism culture, old-age medical care, financial management, business model, development mechanism, investment mechanism and financial mechanism.
In the future, trillions of projects will introduce social capital, and PPP will also be an important source of a new round of local infrastructure funds after land finance and financing platforms.
What does ppp project mean?
PPP(Public-Private Partnership) is a public-private partnership model, which is a project financing model in public infrastructure. In this mode, private enterprises and private capital are encouraged to cooperate with * * * and participate in * * * public infrastructure construction.
According to this broad concept, PPP refers to allowing resources owned by the non-public sector to participate in the provision of public goods and services in the process of cooperation between the public sector and the private sector, thus achieving more favorable results for both parties.
Compared with BOT, the main feature of narrow PPP is that * * * participates more deeply in the construction management and operation process in the middle and late stage of the project, and enterprises participate more deeply in the scientific research and project establishment in the early stage of the project. * * * and enterprises are involved in the whole process, and the cooperation time between the two parties is longer and the information is more symmetrical.
PPP is the abbreviation of Public-Private Partnership, which means that in the field of public services, * * * selects social capital with investment and operation management capabilities through competition, and the two parties conclude a contract on the principle of equal consultation, and the social capital provides public services, and * * * pays consideration to the social capital according to the performance evaluation results of public services.
PPP provides services in the form of market competition, mainly focusing on pure public and quasi-public fields. PPP is not only a means of financing, but also a system reform, involving administrative system reform, financial system reform and investment and financing system reform.