What is the development status of small and micro enterprises in China? What other problems do you face? What measures does the Federation of Industry and Commerce take to serve small and micro enterprises? Zhuang Congsheng, vice chairman of the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce, recently accepted a visit.
Focus on small and micro enterprises twice a year
Q: Why did the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce conduct a comprehensive survey on small and micro enterprises twice?
A: This is related to the importance of small and micro enterprises. With the continuous development of China's socialist market economy, a large number of small and micro enterprises have emerged, and now it has exceeded100000 households. Together with more than 38 million individual industrial and commercial households, its employees reach nearly 280 million. Small and micro enterprises are related to economic prosperity and social stability, and play an irreplaceable role in increasing residents' income, meeting market demand, promoting entrepreneurship, promoting technological progress and promoting county economic development. However, small and micro enterprises are small in scale and decentralized in operation, and are more vulnerable to shocks when the economy fluctuates greatly. In some places, we can sometimes see the living conditions of small and micro enterprises: say important, do secondary, not busy.
Q: Can you tell us something about these two surveys?
A: We insist on shifting the focus of our work to the grassroots. We conduct research on small and micro enterprises twice a year. From February to May last year, the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce went to15 cities and counties in 7 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities for field research, and formed 5 regional reports, 14 special reports and 28 local reports. Research shows that the problems of small and medium-sized enterprises are mainly problems of small and micro enterprises.
From February to April this year, the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce focused on manufacturing, producer services and high-tech industries in the real economy, and went deep into 67 cities and counties in provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities in five ways, and carried out nationwide research activities on the "survival and development" of small and micro enterprises. During the investigation, * * * held 78 symposiums and visited 26 small and micro enterprises, industrial parks, service agencies, leading enterprises and grass-roots organizations of the Federation of Industry and Commerce, forming 5 regional reports, 5 special reports and 4 cases. The research report has been highly valued by the central leading comrades.
Small and micro enterprises still face "glass door" and "spring door"
Q: What problems did the investigation find?
A: The survey found that, on the one hand, structural problems such as extensive growth mode, low industrial level, poor coordination and weak innovation ability of small and micro enterprises, especially labor-intensive small and micro enterprises, are more prominent. On the other hand, affected by the international financial crisis and the complicated and changeable economic situation at home and abroad, small and micro enterprises are facing some new difficulties and challenges: first, the market demand continues to be sluggish and the market competition is becoming increasingly fierce; Second, the production and operation costs have risen rapidly, and the profit margin has been greatly reduced; Third, the burden of taxes and fees is heavy, and the constraints of resources and environment are further tightened; Fourth, the problem of financing difficulty still exists, and the cost is expensive; Fifth, the problem of system and mechanism has not been fundamentally solved, and the phenomenon of "glass door" and "spring door" in market access still exists.
Q: What's new?
A: We also found that in the fierce market competition, a group of small and micro enterprises made great efforts to seize various policy opportunities, dared to break through innovation, and actively adjusted their structure and methods, and achieved remarkable results. Some of these enterprises insist on technological innovation and are committed to developing high-quality, sophisticated and cutting-edge products; Some rely on the advantages of sensitive market response and flexible decision-making, and actively enter the fields of new materials, new energy, biomedicine, energy conservation and environmental protection, and high-end manufacturing; Some actively integrate into the development of industrial clusters, greatly reducing production and operation costs and enhancing market competitiveness; Some are waiting for the rabbit, trying to innovate business models and explore new ways of development; Some carefully cultivate their own brands and concentrate on their main business.
From serving large enterprises to "grasping the big and helping the small": the "transformation" of the Federation of Industry and Commerce
Q: How did the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce change from serving large enterprises to serving small and medium-sized enterprises, especially small and micro enterprises?
A: This is related to the change in the working ideas of the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce in recent two years. In the past, as a people's organization and chamber of commerce in the United front, the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce mainly contacted non-public enterprises with strong strength and great influence. Now we find that these large non-public enterprises, after years of development, have relatively standardized management, abundant human resources and relatively few difficulties, while small and micro enterprises are in the initial stage of self-employment, generally facing difficulties in recruiting workers, heavy taxes and fees, difficult loan financing and other issues, and should be given more care and support. Therefore, starting from the second half of 20 10, the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce put forward the idea of shifting the center of gravity and serving the grassroots. Two large-scale research activities organized for small and medium-sized enterprises and small and micro enterprises are the embodiment of the change of thinking.
Q: In recent years, what has the Federation of Industry and Commerce at all levels done to serve and guide the survival and development of small and micro enterprises?
A: In recent years, the Federation of Industry and Commerce at all levels has firmly grasped the theme of promoting the healthy development of the non-public economy and the healthy growth of non-public economic people, and gradually realized that serving and guiding small and medium-sized enterprises, especially small and micro enterprises, is the focus and difficulty of the Federation's work under the new situation, and it is also the breakthrough and hope. On the one hand, they actively put forward suggestions to create a good environment for the survival and development of small and micro enterprises. On the other hand, we should give full play to the comprehensive advantages of United front, economy and civil society, as well as the advantages of organizational network, and make every effort to solve problems for small and micro enterprises from the aspects of giving full play to the advantages of chambers of commerce, guiding "leading" enterprises to take small areas with large areas, vigorously providing information services, earnestly safeguarding legitimate rights and interests, and establishing advanced models for publicity.
Chamber of Commerce is the organizational basis and important support for the work of Federation of Industry and Commerce. The All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce has 44,000 chambers of commerce at all levels. The federations of industry and commerce at all levels give full play to the advantages of industry chambers of commerce, foreign chambers of commerce and other organizations, and constantly enhance the pertinence and effectiveness of service guidance. In alleviating financing difficulties, many chambers of commerce have innovatively formed docking modes such as "chamber of commerce credit", "joint insurance loan" and "mutual insurance fund". For example, Fuzhou Wood Industry Chamber of Commerce in Fujian Province used the credit granted by the Chamber of Commerce to obtain loans of 4.5 billion yuan from three financial institutions, including China Merchants Bank, which helped small and micro-member enterprises ease their financing difficulties.
Small and micro enterprises should take the road of "professional innovation"
Q: How does the Federation of Industry and Commerce plan to further guide and serve the development of small and micro enterprises?
A: In the future, we should accurately grasp the current trend of small and micro enterprises' development from relying on cheap labor and energy resources consumption to relying on technology, knowledge and capital investment, from low-end to high-end, and from decentralization to agglomeration, give full play to the advantages of flexible operating mechanism, strong innovation power and quick market response, make full use of the policy support of party committees and governments at all levels that attach great importance to the development of small and micro enterprises, and strive to form a joint mechanism of capital, talents, market, technology and management, and take the road of socialization. Specialization means focusing, not blindly expanding, not easily changing course; Refinement means to build high-quality products in quality and strengthen refinement in management; Special, it is necessary to make use of the advantages of small enterprises to make personalized products and characteristic products; Innovation means innovation in technology and business model; Combination is to integrate into the cluster, join the chamber of commerce, grasp the fingers into a fist, and develop together.
Classified guidance, live and work in peace and contentment, and guide the healthy development of small and micro enterprises.