1. In addition, from the perspective of new housing supply, the withdrawal of this part of the supply from the primary housing market will reduce the supply of new housing, help stabilize the local primary housing prices in a short time, and be conducive to the smooth withdrawal of other stable housing enterprises' stock projects. But in the medium and long term, with a large number of futures,
The entry of high-quality and cheap rental properties into the market will effectively curb local rental prices, and will also reduce the demand for just-needed housing, thus affecting the price of second-hand housing.
The lattice produces depression. Therefore, in the medium and long term, the high probability of housing prices in the above areas is at a low level for a long time.
Of course, we should pay attention to regional differentiation. Most of the problematic projects are concentrated in second-and third-tier cities and below, so 30 billion houses are rented.
The fund also mainly affects the real estate market in second-and third-tier cities and below.
For the first-tier cities where demand has been firm and housing prices have been firm, there are very few unfinished projects, which are naturally not limited by the housing rental base.
The influence of gold.
In the future, the differentiation trend of domestic real estate market will be further intensified, and the effect of maintaining and increasing the value of real estate projects in different regions will be very poor.
It's different.
The land system is based on the right of free use, and the land planning lies in the government's emphasis on environmental protection, so the supplier of residential land will be asked.
Ownership, land is privately owned but unevenly distributed, which will lead to a result: the government lacks land supply, and developers compete for land to push up land prices.
Flour is expensive, and bread naturally rises when it comes out. The reason for the uneven distribution is that Britain has implemented a unique lifelong system. The land is nominally owned by the royal family, but the free owner of the land is free to permanently transfer the land rights. Is the actual holder of this land. More than 80% of the land is freely held by individuals.
Second, there is a detail that everyone needs to know. Even so, at least 65,438+0/3 of the land is still in the hands of a few nobles, which is the root of uneven distribution. In addition, the government controls the development attributes of big cities and limits the land available for development, which the government despises.
Beg. From the financial point of view, the financial system is free, the currency is over-developed, the leverage of residents is extremely high, the inflation rate is very fast, and finance is very wide.
After Margaret Thatcher came to power, Keynesianism was abandoned. First, foreign exchange control was abolished, and then credit contracts were cancelled, which provided the soil for loose policies.
And the full marketization of deposit and loan interest rates.
Here is a data of currency inflation: from 1980 to 20 14, the difference between the average annual growth rate of m2 broad money supply and GDP in Britain is
4.6 percentage points. In Britain, the average annual growth rate of CPI is 4.8%. Before that, Uncle Cat gave everyone a data, namely m2 and GDP.
When the growth gap is large, in other words, the growth rate of m2. If it exceeds 1 1%, then the house price will definitely take off. After all, money will flow out.
There must be a pool to store it.
Of course, low down payment, long-term and people's high leverage will further push up the incentives for soaring housing prices. The mainstream down payment ratio is usually
20%~30%。 If the lender has better qualifications and is willing to bear a higher initial interest rate, then he can pay a new loan with zero down payment.
Home, a bit like America. By 20 17, the average down payment ratio of British residents will be 28%.
Third, the proportion of first-time buyers is as low as 2 1%, indicating that everyone is now replacing. Before, many people asked Uncle Cat whether British real estate should be invested. It is estimated that more than 80% people will be dissuaded by the tax system!
The British tax system is the principle of heavy taxation in transaction links, which is a heavy tax in Fannie and Freddie, and inhibits speculation and soil.
Stamp duty on land is levied according to the value of the house. In addition, the tax rate is too high and progressive. If you buy the first suite, the property tax is 0- 12%.
In fact, the tax rate of each file has increased by 3-4 percentage points. And if you want to transfer the investment house, he also needs to charge interest on the funds.
Tax, personal income tax is 20% of basic tax, taxpayer's capital gains tax is 18%, and individual tax is 40%~45% of high salary, and
The additional tax rate, taxpayer and capital gains tax are all 28%. If 7 years before death, gift or inheritance. You must pay the inheritance.
Tax, the highest tax rate is 40%. ?
In the maintenance link, the British government's system of collecting property tax on existing houses focuses on grading, that is, dividing houses according to house prices.
Room grade. In 2007, the average tax rate was 1.8%. Generally speaking. It belongs to heavy trading and light possession. There used to be a plan called option plan, which meant allowing people. In the case of long-term lease of affordable housing, tenants are allowed to buy leased housing at a discount. So this has promoted the process of housing privatization.
4. From 1980 to 2004, Britain sold 1.82 million sets of social housing, accounting for 7.8% of the current housing stock, which also promoted the improvement of housing ownership rate.
However, when privatization begins to increase, social security housing will decrease, and then the government will introduce other means to support low income.
Houseless families buy houses, such as shared property houses and first-time buyers. Does this word look familiar, just like ours?
There are two limited houses on the edge, affordable housing, self-occupied commodity housing, and now shared property houses.
The advantage of this is that everyone has a house to live in. And formed a hierarchical division, which really solved the problem of social supply and demand. The downside is. Housing prices are too high, vitality is diluted, and innovation is low.
But Britain is different. Britain is an immigrant country, so the demographic dividend is still in a favorable position for Britain. I want to say one more thing here, Zhu.
The rent and income of people renting houses should also be included in personal income tax, and the tax rate is as high as 45%. So the conclusion is clear.
Yes This belongs to a state that can only enter and cannot exit.
In a word, the land supply is insufficient, the interest rate is low, the leverage is high, and the currency is oversold. But what is different from other countries is the population. hero
China's population is an immigrant country with a long-term growth trend, and its population structure is relatively young, which supports the foundation of high housing prices. From 1850
By 20 17, the total population of Britain has nearly tripled, with a compound growth rate of 0.66%. So the net inflow of British immigrants.
Constantly accelerating. According to incomplete statistics, 72% of British buyers are between the ages of 25 and 40. So here we get a basic idea of whether we can speculate! The security policy appeased everyone's needs. Population supports the number of players! The steady rise in house prices is really worrying.
Set the expectations of players entering the market! And we have to face not only the number of new players, but also more changes that need to be made.
Location.