Equity financing can be divided into equity financing and internal equity accumulation. For small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises, the accumulation of internal rights and interests is often carried out spontaneously by enterprises, and it is also the preferred financing method for enterprise managers. Internal equity accumulation is done by most enterprises because of its simple operation, low capital cost and easy control. If the profitability of an enterprise is relatively good, then it will accumulate in pieces. If the profitability of the enterprise is not good, it will be difficult to meet the financing needs in this way. Equity financing refers to small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises absorbing new capital, or merging partners with complementary businesses, and financing each other through complementary funds to solve capital needs. However, it is difficult to find a partner who meets the requirements. Even if such complementary business is found, it may be more difficult to balance the interests and needs of different investors.

Second, debt financing.

Debt financing here only refers to bank loans, private lending and internal employee fund-raising. In some cases, private lending may be completed only by mutual trust, but in most cases, it is necessary to provide corresponding guarantees or guarantees, and the success rate cannot be completely guaranteed, and the financing cost is often high; Internal employee fund-raising is a way to lend funds to enterprises based on employees' understanding and trust in enterprises. Therefore, the loan interest charged in this way involves many tax issues, which may affect the financing enthusiasm of enterprises.

The above two financing methods are often forced when bank financing is not available. If an enterprise wants to be bigger and stronger, it still needs the strong support of the bank to meet the different capital needs of the enterprise through its comprehensive credit platform.

As the position of foreign trade and economic cooperation in the bank credit system is declining, the reputation of enterprises alone is not enough to impress banks and other financial institutions. In order to obtain working capital loans from banks, it is necessary to obtain certain guarantees or asset mortgages, but most small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises lack both, and bank financing will be in trouble. However, if the enterprise operates well, the scale of import and export continues to grow, and the profitability is good, the bank will give some credit.

Third, trade financing.

Even if we can't get equity financing and debt financing, as long as our small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises are in good operating condition, there are still many ways to carry out financing, which is trade financing. Trade financing can not only run through the whole process of trade, but also has the advantages of simple operation, fast financing speed, low financing cost and wide application scope.

(1) Advance payment and deferred payment

This kind of financing seems simple, but it is actually more complicated. Advance payment and deferred payment involve many difficult problems to be solved. These issues are not discussed here. If there is a long-term mechanism in the enterprise, it is necessary to consider that a certain proportion of advance payment must be charged when accepting orders, and then the factory payment will be paid after the customer confirms the customs declaration and shipment, so that there will be a capital retention time of at least one month and at most four or five months. If it is rolled over, the enterprise can get an average export volume of about two months.

In addition, receiving a certain proportion of the payment in advance can also reduce certain exchange rate risks and reduce interest expenses under the current situation of continuous appreciation of the RMB.

(2) Order financing

In the current economic environment, this financing method has great restrictions, that is, the counterparty must be the world's top 500. After obtaining a formal and valid customer order, regardless of payment methods such as O/A, T/T and collection, as long as the corresponding export contract is provided, the bank will give certain financial support within the bank's credit line. However, the bank only lent RMB, and the financing time was delayed by about one month compared with the contract. The interest rate is the bank loan interest rate for the same period. If the counterparty meets the requirements, this financing method can basically solve the financing needs of enterprises. If the financing cost is to be further reduced, it can be changed to invoice financing or export bill financing after shipment.

(3) Invoice financing

Invoice financing is mainly aimed at orders whose payment method is T/T after a specific date. If the enterprise has to accept this payment method, it can take out credit insurance for insurance purposes. After obtaining the formal export contract, export invoice, bill of lading and customs declaration, you can go to the bank for invoice financing. General banks will provide financing according to a certain proportion of the contract and invoice amount, and can borrow foreign currency or RMB invoice financing if the financing amount allows. The interest rate is determined according to the London foreign exchange trading rate plus several hundred basis points (generally L B O R plus 500 basis points). Invoice financing is actually a way of exchange rate adjustment.

(4) Packaged loans

Packaged loans are mainly used for trade financing under letters of credit, and there are many restrictions. If it must be a letter of credit, the issuing bank must be the agent of the financing bank, and some financing banks need to use the working capital loan quota, but what small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises lack is the working capital loan quota, which limits the packaged loan business of enterprises; However, some commercial banks have relatively loose policies and can operate with export credit within the framework of comprehensive credit granting. Because the interest rate of packaged loans is relatively high (banks will go up), enterprises often switch to export bills after the goods are cleared.

(5) Export bills

Export bills are mainly trade financing methods under payment methods such as letter of credit and D/P. Compared with packaged loans, export bills are more convenient, but they can only be carried out after the goods are shipped, which may affect the capital demand of enterprises in the early stage. In addition, the interest rate of export bills is lower than that of packaged loans, which is determined according to the trading rate of London foreign exchange market plus several hundred basis points.

(6) Policy financing

Policy financing is widely used, but there are not many users. Policy financing is actually a way to obtain financing by policy pledge. Policy financing can be divided into life insurance policy pledge financing and export credit insurance policy pledge financing. Because this financing method requires a lot, there are not many banks that carry out this business and need the cooperation of insurance companies. For export credit insurance, it is required to be carried out after the goods are shipped, and general enterprises will not think of this form of financing.

Enterprises can choose one or more of the above financing methods according to their own actual conditions to improve their competitiveness. Moreover, it is impossible for every bank to cover all the above financing methods. It requires extensive consultation from the person in charge of the enterprise or the person in charge of finance, and full communication with the bank account manager will often achieve unexpected results. When deciding on financing, we should pay attention to the fact that the total income of financing is greater than the total cost, and the financing scale should be within our own ability. According to the external financing environment and opportunities, ahead of the times, consider the characteristics of specific financing methods, give full play to their initiative, actively seek and seize various favorable opportunities in time to ensure the success of financing.