1. economic depression: in the case of economic depression and intensified market competition, the demand for loans decreases, and the supply of loans exceeds demand in the market, which will lead to a decline in loan interest rates.

2. Policy control of the central bank: the adjustment of the central bank's monetary policy may affect the bank's loan interest rate. If the central bank lowers the benchmark interest rate, the loan cost of banks will also be reduced, and banks can also lower the loan interest rate to attract more borrowers.

3. Intensified market competition: If new lending institutions enter the market, or existing lending institutions provide better preferential policies, other lending institutions will reduce the loan interest rate in order to maintain market share.