Refers to the government's regulation and control of the total monetary revenue and expenditure, the total fiscal revenue and expenditure and the total foreign exchange revenue and expenditure in order to achieve macro (total) balance and ensure sustained, stable and coordinated economic growth; Therefore, other measures taken by the government to make up for market failure are usually included in the scope of macro-control. Under the condition of socialist market economy, the main objectives of regulation and control are: stable economic growth, optimization of major economic structure, basically stable overall price level, full employment, fair income distribution, balance of international payments, etc.
Price:
Generally speaking, the price is actually the production price, and the production price is the price composed of the average production cost of the department plus the average social profit. Production price is the transformation form of value. Price is the product of commodity exchange. Price is a historical category, which comes into being and develops with the appearance of commodity exchange. Price is the concentrated expression of the interests of both parties in exchange. Price changes will cause the exchange of economic interests between the two sides, that is, the price has the fluctuation of interests.
price index
It is the relative number that reflects the fluctuation degree of the total price level of all commodities sold or purchased during the calculation period compared with the base period level, and is usually expressed by the relative ratio of the calculation period (year, quarter or month) to the base period (year, quarter or month). Price index is a complex relative number in economic index. According to the different types of commodities, it is divided into individual commodity price index, commodity category index and total index. According to the different base periods, it is divided into ring price index (the last period is the base period), year-on-year ring price index (the same period of last year is the base period) and fixed base period price index (compared with fixed period). According to commodity types and circulation links, there are the ex-factory price index of industrial products, the purchase price index of agricultural and sideline products, the wholesale price index, the retail price index, the price index of service items, the price index of workers' living expenses, and the comprehensive price index of industrial and agricultural commodities. According to commodity circulation channels, it can be divided into state-owned and fair trade price indexes.
set-top box
Set-top box is undoubtedly one of the hottest words this year, and it also has a very famous but tiring name called "Venus Project". Related words include "Microsoft strives for hegemony", "Nu Wa Plan", "information household appliances", "national industry" and so on. However, IT is just a small box on top of the TV set, but it has caused an uproar in the IT industry and the media in China. Gates therefore became an intruder who embraced the brokeback goddess. In Shenzhen, Bill Gates and China's Lenovo, Haier, Stone, BBK, Yuxing and other heavyweight enterprises jointly launched "Microsoft's information home appliance solution for mass digital life"-"Venus Project". What Microsoft didn't expect, however, was that people showed a rare antipathy and rejection to Venus given to China by Microsoft. Microsoft is accused of further controlling the next-generation industrial platform of China's information appliances through the Venus project, and its software sales price strategy in China has also been strongly criticized. On March 25th, the Software Engineering Research Center of Chinese Academy of Sciences put forward the "Nuwa Plan" of "Venus Plan" through the media. There are also home appliance manufacturers in China who claim that set-top boxes are not too technically difficult and can be mass-produced as soon as the market starts. No one expected that the product plan of a multinational company would set off such a big wave of condemnation. By the end of the year, people were surprised to find that although this product with a strange name was favored by many enterprises, the market capacity was predicted by experts to be 20-30 million units, but the national sales volume was insufficient 100 units in the past six months.
Give citizenship
Buying other people's brands to do their own business has become a fashion this year. Nowadays, people are rich, and there are not a few people who want to be small bosses. 200,000 yuan can open a laundry and 500,000 yuan can open a washing shop. It doesn't matter if you don't know the industry. The franchisee will teach you. It costs 8 million to open a KFC, and only 50 thousand is on hand. It's no problem to open a small restaurant and beauty salon. Franchising has suddenly brought people closer to their dream of becoming bosses. No wonder tens of thousands of people came to the franchise exhibition of Beijing International Exhibition Center on June165438+1October 8, and many others came specially from other places. Franchising allows franchisees to achieve low-cost expansion as soon as possible. Franchisees provide brands and business ideas, and they can make their chain stores blossom everywhere without much capital. By buying a successful business model, investors can greatly reduce the risk of starting a business, shorten the time of starting a business, and thus get benefits as soon as possible. Why not?
disinflation
Serious economic terms are rarely mentioned from time to time. Deflation is an exception. People who haven't studied economics have also summed up the meaning of deflation from their daily lives: shopping is cheaper than before, but business is not as good as before. Even taxi drivers are complaining to passengers that deflation can no longer support so many customers as before. People understand the pressure of deflation from the continuous decline of price level. Seven interest rate cuts, civil servants' salary increases, interest tax collection and consumer credit, and various measures to stimulate domestic demand have become hot spots again and again. For the first time, enterprises deeply realized the concept of "buyer's market". Words such as "the best" and "luxury", which were once popular, angrily withdrew from the market. "Surplus" has replaced "nervousness" and "discount" is overwhelming. The white-collar worker who bought a car and a house said that I also contributed to stimulating domestic demand.
Dangerous investment
For many ambitious people who want to be Bill Gates, getting venture capital has become the ultimate status symbol. Getting millions of investments is
Economic interaction
The career dream of many entrepreneurs is certainly a possible shortcut to get rich quickly. Venture capital can buy small and far-sighted new companies with huge funds, and realize the dreams of many entrepreneurs with vision and technology but lack of funds. In the hot network enterprises, it has become the most favored object of venture capital. The news that was all the rage at the beginning of the year was that Sina.com, one of the most famous Internet companies in China, received 25 million dollars of venture capital including Goldman Sachs, and recently received 60 million dollars of foreign investment. Venture capital relies on the fiery stock market to complete its strategy of getting away with rich investment profits. A new "circle money" war is also launched on the network without smoke. At present, entrepreneurs, especially those who want to display their talents on the Internet, will feel the warmer embrace of venture capital in the foreseeable future.
Unproductive credit
Many people live in houses that were out of reach this year and drive cars that they plan to own in a few years. The lifestyle of "borrowing money to live" was once hard to be accepted by thrifty people in China, but now it has become the "solution" for many families. The listing of affordable housing and second-hand housing has greatly stimulated real estate consumption. From trying to save money to buy a house, the people seem to be a lot more realistic. The maximum amount of Beijing provident fund loans has risen to 390,000, and commercial banks have also extended the term of individual housing loans from September 2 1. In addition to the good news that the loan interest rate has been lowered again and again, there is another thing that makes people anxious: Beijing's provident fund will be in short supply next year. Buying a car loan is not as good as buying a house. Although there are many mortgage procedures, China Construction Bank has issued such loans over11million yuan since it started the automobile consumption loan business last year, supporting consumers to buy more than13,800 vehicles. Now buy a big piece and fix it, so you won't be short of money. Consumer credit is a good thing.
ChiNext
Where myths are created. Nasdaq is the most famous growth enterprise market in the world, which breeds many corporate myths, such as Microsoft, Intel, Yahoo and Amazon. Before coming here, these names were just unknown pawns, even losing money for many years in a row. No nationality, no ownership, no industry, no performance, no scale, no operating years, the only requirement is high growth. The low threshold for listing on GEM has inspired countless people to get rich. In July this year, China, China. Com was listed on NASDAQ in the United States, and successfully raised 96 million dollars, which became a sensational news. Near the end of the year,165438+1October 25th, the Hong Kong Growth Enterprise Market, known as China's Nasdaq, was finally unveiled. This "second board market", which is independent of the main board market, provides a faster financing channel for some enterprises with great development potential, especially high-tech enterprises, and also gives investors a "high growth and high risk" investment choice. The reason why the second board market is called "Growth Enterprise Market" is to remind that investing in enterprises that are still starting businesses is risky-the buyer bears the risk.
trust
A monopoly organization formed by several enterprises with the same or related nature in order to monopolize the market and obtain high profits. 1879 first appeared in the United States, such as Mobil Oil Trust and Whisky Trust. Trust itself is an independent enterprise organization, and the participants are completely independent in law and business, while the board of directors of the trust controls the production, sales and financial activities of all its enterprises. The original business owner becomes a shareholder of the trust and shares the profits according to the number of shares. On the one hand, the trust of capitalism can guarantee investors' rich profits, improve investors' interest, stimulate investment, promote enterprise expansion and benefit economic development; On the other hand, it will reduce competition, hinder the technological progress of enterprises and the development of emerging enterprises, affect the survival of small and medium-sized enterprises and increase the burden on consumers.
cartel
Cartel is one of the forms of monopoly organizations in capitalist countries, which is composed of enterprises that produce similar products. On the one hand, cartel member enterprises sign agreements on price, sales market and production scale to obtain monopoly profits, on the other hand, they maintain independence in commodity economic activities. Cartels are generally divided into three types: one is a cartel that stipulates the scope of the sales market; The second is the cartel that stipulates the sales price; The third is to stipulate the production quotas of various commodities produced by enterprises participating in cartels. With the emergence and development of transnational corporations, international cartels have formed among monopoly organizations in capitalist countries. The scale and influence of international cartels are far greater than domestic cartels.
financial group
A monopoly organization established by several large capitalist enterprises to sell goods at high prices and buy raw materials at low prices. The product sales and raw material procurement of the participating enterprises are handled by the syndicate headquarters and distributed among the participants according to the agreement. This kind of organization is more rigorous than cartels. Although participants remain independent in production and law, they have lost their commercial independence.
Konzern
It is the most complex form of monopoly organization to take the most powerful monopoly enterprise as the core and unite many enterprises belonging to different economic sectors. Its purpose is to monopolize the market, compete for raw material producing areas and investment places, and obtain high monopoly profits. It can include dozens or even hundreds of enterprises in mining, industry, trade, banking, insurance and transportation. Participants are formally independent, but in fact they are controlled by the dominant capital group. Konzern is based on financial control, and its core can be large banks or large industrial enterprises. In addition to their own business, they are also holding companies, controlling other enterprises participating in Kang Zeen by purchasing shares, participating in the board of directors and financial relations. Generally speaking, the difference between trust and trust is that trust is a combination of enterprises that produce similar products or are closely related to production, while Kang Zeen is a combination of enterprises belonging to different departments; Trust will integrate the participating enterprises, and each participating enterprise will completely lose its original independence, while each participating enterprise will remain independent in form; Trust is a combination of individual enterprises. In addition to individual enterprises, banks and trusts also participate in Kangzern.