1, Finance: Finance is an economic activity in which market participants use financial instruments to transfer funds from the surplus party to the scarce party. Finance is the floorboard of monetary financing. Mainly refers to all kinds of activities related to currency circulation and bank credit. The main contents include: the issuance, delivery, circulation and withdrawal of money; The absorption and withdrawal of various deposits; Issuance and recovery of various loans; Bank accounting, cashier, transfer, settlement, insurance, investment, trust, leasing, exchange, discount, mortgage, securities trading and international trade and non-trade settlement, gold and silver trading, export, import, etc.
2. Financial theory: it is believed that finance is the right to claim the wealth of human society and a monetized social asset; It is expressed in the form of money and has the form of "stock", which not only connects the present and the past, but also connects the investment and consumption process of financial stocks and the corresponding institutional changes; Finance is a resource, a limited or scarce resource and a social strategic resource (Professor Bai Qingxian et al., 2000). This definition lays a theoretical foundation for the allocation of financial resources, but it only pays attention to the static meaning of finance and ignores the process and function of finance. It is considered that in the planned economy, finance is a planning tool, while in the market economy, finance is a macro-control means, which emphasizes the function of finance but ignores its initiative and leading role. The financial view of financial media theory holds that finance is a virtual system in which the media economy operates, and it also pays attention to function, but ignores the independence of finance itself. These definitions fail to recognize that finance "is actually the loan of property or the intertemporal transaction of property" (Jiang Chun, 1999), and "finance" is the transfer of credit "(Wang Dingding, 1997). Only by this formal definition, it is difficult to grasp the theoretical connotation of rural finance, and it is also difficult to further deepen the principle of the relationship between rural finance and rural economy.