The trend of social corruption is of course related to the ideology, morality and style of some government officials. However, if the wind of corruption is repeated and intensified, it is highly related to the system. "A good system can make the bad guys unable to run amok at will, and a bad system can make the good guys unable to do good deeds fully, or even go to the opposite side" (Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping, p. 293). In fact, the current corruption is mainly institutional corruption. Corruption is mainly caused by institutional defects, that is, institutional defects in the transition period of market economy. Therefore, only by scientifically exploring the deep-seated problems of corruption, analyzing its realistic basis and social roots, fully understanding the long-term, arduous and complex nature of the anti-corruption struggle, and taking corresponding institutionalized countermeasures, can we get practical and effective results.

First, the lag in the transformation of government functions is the institutional reason for the rampant corruption.

Since the reform and opening up 20 years ago, the functional model of our government has changed a lot, and the way the government manages the economy is changing to macro-control. In particular, the abolition of the "dual-track system" of prices has provided important conditions for reducing and eliminating corruption such as "official defection" and "rent-seeking". However, on the whole, with the development of social economy, there are still many shortcomings in China's administrative management system. Due to the lagging transformation of government functions, excessive or improper government intervention in the market not only restricts the deepening of economic reform and affects the construction of democratic politics, but also becomes the institutional reason for rampant corruption. The rent-seeking theory in western economics deeply analyzes the internal relationship between government intervention function and corruption.

In modern society, the more common and advanced way of rent-seeking is to use administrative and legal means to safeguard vested economic interests or redistribute vested interests. Rent-seeking activities build a bridge between those who have political power and those who have wealth. On the one hand, they exchange political power for money, on the other hand, they exchange money for political power to seek greater self-interest, which is the alienation of economic man's pursuit of profit maximization. In the process of rent-seeking activities, government officials not only play a passive and exploited role, but also often take the initiative to "create rent politically" and "pull rent". Political rent creation means that government officials use administrative intervention to increase the profits of private enterprises, artificially create rents, and induce private enterprises to pay tribute to them as a condition for obtaining such rents; Rent-seeking means that government officials deliberately put forward a policy that will harm the interests of private enterprises as a threat, forcing private enterprises to give up part of their vested interests and share them with government officials.

Rent-seeking activities are closely related to excessive government intervention in the market. Without excessive government intervention and the special monopoly position provided by such intervention, rent-seeking cannot be achieved. Appropriate government intervention can create fair competition conditions for the market economy, prevent some groups from forming monopoly, and promote the healthy and orderly development of the market economy. However, when government intervention distorts the market, destroys fair competition in the market, and only provides preferential treatment to certain interest groups, this intervention is excessive intervention. Logically speaking, excessive government intervention leads to market distortion and economic rent, and rent-seeking activities inevitably occur when rent exists, thus leading to corruption. The greater the degree of excessive government intervention, the more obvious the market distortion, the higher the economic rent, and the more vicious the rent-seeking activities. In the process of China's transition to a market economy, the transformation of government functions is seriously lagging behind, the modernization reform of the government system has not yet been completed, and there are still many misunderstandings about excessive intervention in the economy. These excessive interventions provide legitimacy for rent-seeking activities, and many rent-seekers can easily find the basis for legitimate rent-seeking from government policies and system regulations. This is the realistic economic basis of social corruption in China today, and it is also the institutional reason for the growing corruption.

Second, the main manifestations of current institutional corruption and its harm

(A) "Running ahead of the Ministry of Finance"-Due to the lagging transformation of functions, governments at all levels and their functional departments still directly intervene in all aspects of microeconomic activities. At present, the economic functional departments of governments at all levels still hold many important factors of production and scarce resources. Many economic systems such as investment and financing are still dominated by administrative examination and approval, and the degree of marketization is insufficient. The role of the market in economic operation and resource allocation is greatly limited. According to the analysis of relevant scholars on the marketization degree of labor, capital, production and price in China, considering the factors of direct government intervention in economic activities, the overall marketization degree of China's economy will not exceed 35%. In this way, government departments and their staff who can distribute production factors and intervene in microeconomic activities have become the key targets of some stakeholders.

(2) "Combination of government and business"-some party and government organs run enterprises through business, using political power and preferential policies formulated by themselves to intervene in the market, undermining the principle of market competition and worsening the business environment of enterprises. First, some party and government organs set up "flop companies" in the name of conversion mechanism, relying on administrative powers to forcibly apportion the sale. Second, the children and spouses of some leading cadres set up companies, use their power and relationships to conduct business activities, buy and sell hard, and even gather strength to monopolize the market. Third, some party and government cadres who "went to the sea" relied on the original relationship to "fall off the horse." Fourth, some government officials, under the banner of strengthening enterprises, hold actual or honorary positions in local enterprises, so that administrative power directly enters the economic field. Fifth, some collective, individual and private enterprises are attached to the party and government organs and use the power and name of the party and government departments as umbrellas. Sixth, some people in monopoly industries, such as posts and telecommunications, railways, electric power, public utilities and other units, take advantage of industry privileges to get what they need and engage in unhealthy practices in the industry.

(3) "economic privilege"-this refers to the economic franchise that violates the principle of fair competition but is not restricted by law. It hinders the free flow of production factors between different industries and departments in order to obtain vested interests. First, there are restrictions on industry operations. Only a few enterprises are allowed to monopolize certain industries, and other enterprises are not allowed to enter and participate in competition freely, so as to obtain monopoly profits and form special interest groups. Second, control import quotas and import approval, and implement foreign trade monopoly to benefit officials and businessmen. Third, the government's preferential policies for certain regions and groups. As we all know, preferential policies are not a dead letter, but have high gold content, which is equivalent to providing a monopoly for a certain place or industry.

(D) "No distinction between government and enterprise"-China's economic system is still strongly transitional, and state-owned enterprises are out of touch with government management departments. Some government officials use the control of enterprises to make huge profits and seek personal gain. At present, most of the negative corruption phenomena in party and government organs and their staff are directly or indirectly related to enterprises. Its main forms are: First, using various names to charge enterprises, apportion expenses and impose fines, which increases the burden on enterprises. The second is to use the power of planning, projects, loans, raw materials in short supply, import and export licenses, land allocation and leasing. Eat and get cards, occupy the money and materials of enterprises, and even ask for bribes. Others will reimburse enterprises for private consumption. Third, some people in the administrative law enforcement departments such as industry and commerce, taxation, public security and environmental protection. Use the power of law enforcement to interfere with enterprises and force them to submit.

(E) "Loss of state-owned assets"-after the decentralization of management autonomy, the power of individual managers of state-owned enterprises is also expanding indefinitely because the government has not changed management methods in time and established corresponding supervision and restraint mechanisms. Some managers of state-owned enterprises take advantage of the imperfection of laws and systems and the power in their hands to seize public assets, resulting in a large loss of state-owned assets.

(6) "vassal economy"-Due to the lagging transformation of government functions and the lack of a sound legal system and a unified national market system, some local governments and departments engage in protectionism for their own economic interests and so-called "political achievements" and become an umbrella for corruption.

(7) "overstaffed organization"-leading to numerous departments, co-located government offices, overlapping functions, wrangling with each other and low administrative efficiency; Institutions overlap and there are too many levels. They are divorced from the grassroots and the masses, which leads to serious bureaucracy. Luxury waste, comparison with luxury consumption, etc.

1, frugality and morality, honesty and integrity.

2, the style should be simple, the work should be solid, and the task should be implemented.

3. Right and wrong are better than learning, honor comes from party spirit, and corruption stops at righteousness.

People's hearts are like scales to measure who is light and who is heavy, and public opinion is like a mirror to reflect who is greedy and who is cheap.

5, it is easy to protect the first festival, but it is difficult to protect the evening festival. It is difficult to raise morality for a hundred years, but it is easy to lose morality in one day.

6. Be honest and clean in politics, be honest and clean, and be greedy for money.

7. Prosperity is not arrogant and impetuous, integrity is not right, prosperity is diligent and honest.

8. Abstain from alcohol, prostitution and greed, and discipline your wife and children.

9. Gold cups and silver cups are not as good as the reputation of ordinary people; The gold and silver awards are not as good as the average person.

10, self-discipline can convince people, honesty can lead people, and selflessness can touch people.

1 1. Be honest and spotless.

12, neither small nor cheap, neither small nor diligent.

13, put morality first, do things for the people, and serve the next official.

14. Ability to distinguish right from wrong, self-control in the face of temptation and repentance in the face of warning.

15, Three Questions of Leading Cadres: When reasoning, first ask yourself whether you understand; When making a request, first ask yourself if you can do it; When criticizing others, ask yourself what responsibility you have first.

16, the key to being in power is to revitalize one party, the key to being in power is to dare to innovate, the way to be in power is to seek the safety of the people, and the essence of being in power is to lead an honest and clean life.

17, honesty can gather people, self-discipline can convince people, self-discipline can lead people, and selflessness can touch people.

18, work for a while, do it for a lifetime.

19, drizzle wet clothes, a little greed ruined honor.

Immortal motto

1, honesty and self-discipline, alarm bells ringing.

2. Be honest and self-disciplined, starting with me.

3. Be proud of loving the motherland and ashamed of endangering the motherland.

4. Be proud of serving the people and be ashamed of deviating from the people.

5. Be proud of advocating science and ashamed of ignorance.

6. Be proud of hard work, be ashamed of leisure, and be ashamed of hating work.

7. Be proud of unity and mutual assistance, and be ashamed of harming others and benefiting themselves.

8. Be proud of honesty and trustworthiness, and be ashamed of forgetting righteousness at the expense of profit.

9. Be proud of obeying the law and be ashamed of breaking the law.

10, proud of hard work, ashamed of arrogance and extravagance.

1 1, the mouth is not greedy, the heart is not greedy, the private plan does not take advantage;

Color is not lost, law is not committed, life is not regretted, and death is not regretted.

12, bound by material desires, you will feel that life is pathetic.

Keep honesty and diligence in mind, and you will feel that life is full.

13, indifferent to fame and fortune is like a cup of tea.

Being pragmatic for the people is like a mountain of merit.

14, no mud, no demon.

15, strengthen the building of a clean and honest party style and build a harmonious socialist society.

16, making it special will reduce your prestige;

Once you break the rules, you will leave a stain.

Once you seek personal gain, you will lose people's hearts.

17, greed and happiness will never go hand in hand.

18, it's disrespectful to be an official, diligent and knowledgeable.

19, merits and demerits should be tested by history, and honesty and diligence should be judged by the masses.

20, if the section is indulgent, the big section will be lost.

2 1, seize the present and cherish the future.

22. A grateful smile is considered clean by compassionate people.

23, the roots are not afraid of the wind, the line is right.

24, in word and deed, do not forget the image of a public servant; Every move, I often think that the people are warm and cold.

25. People-oriented decision-making should avoid quick success and instant benefit.

The work of seeking truth and being pragmatic should be well known.

26. Adhere to honesty and self-discipline and strive to be an advanced model.

27, lead an honest and clean life, the law of corruption is hard to tolerate.

28. If you can't restrain yourself effectively, you can't restrain others effectively.

29. Don't praise small good, and don't punish small evil.

30, honest and self-disciplined, pragmatic and successful.

3 1, official reputation among the people, performance on foot.

32. It is often observed that people's sufferings are often hanged; Always behave yourself and dream of being an official in Chang 'an.

33, self-cultivation, then the heart is like a clear spring; Indulge in sex, and you will be trapped in a mud pond.

34. It is most important to build the party for the public and serve the people wholeheartedly, and it is important to be honest and clean in governing for the people.

35. Honesty is the most important thing in politics and honesty is the most important thing in life.

36. Raise the ideal sail and steer the rudder of clean government to the road to success.

37. You must have passion in your life, be impartial, do your duty, and have no selfishness.

Party discipline and state law are like mirrors, and the people are miserable.

A clean government makes a strong country, and corruption destroys families.

Always be self-disciplined, always think about politics and morality, always think about people's hardships, and always be proud.

Public interest comes from public interest, and decency comes from righteousness.

It's good for the people to say yes.

Corruption can be blamed for a while, but honesty can last forever.

Bamboo is straight and beautiful, people are respectful and sincere, and the party is strong and sincere.

Be a servant of the people, not a slave of money.

There is no rope that cannot be pulled straight, and there is no corruption that cannot be cured.

Always ring the "clean" bell and always take the "sunshine" road.

Be an official, ask more questions about people's feelings and public opinions, and do things that violate party discipline and state laws.

Corrupt officials dream of being greedy for money, and honest officials think that everything is clean.

Being in power is clean and honest, which is a cold life for official corruption.

Only by learning to be content can we curb greed.

No pains, no gains; One point is greed, one point is fault.

Money is not greedy, and integrity is not forgotten; Do not bully the upper and lower; Talent has no pressure, and mediocrity is not needed.

Shu Lian's prestige and public life, people's prosperity and national peace.

The people are proud of hard work, and officials are proud of being honest.

Pine, bamboo and plum are three friends who are old and cold, and honesty and diligence are the three essentials for an official.

To talk about party spirit, we must have a lofty state of mind, and we must not be greedy or stand up.

Dedication is the fertile ground for cultivating honesty; Pleasure is a hotbed of corruption.

A greedy person, eloquent, it is difficult to say that he is innocent; A quiet heart, an honest man, can make the past serve the present.

Excessive concentration and lack of democratic supervision will inevitably lead to corruption.

Nine Niu Yi hairs, my honor; A penny is the essence of the people.

One point wider, the people benefit more; Take a penny, I'm worthless.

There was no official day, and I arrived in Ren Rong.

If the director shoots a real book, it is deep love.

People, like protectors, have a detailed understanding.

If all situations are not allowed, we must choose greed, perverting the law and filth.

I am afraid that future generations will have a report;

If you don't love money, you dare to call yourself cheap and choose to be selfish.

Ghosts and gods cannot be deceived.

What is the need to save the world?

Learning should not be wasted by the people.

Defending the country by your orders is just to be naked in front of the enemy;

On the land of Min * * * An, the most unforgettable thing is Baishi Temple Spring.

Being abused by your orders is a state, but it doesn't matter if he is blue;

Scraping the soil with small officials leaves only the clear spring in the white stone temple in the mountain.