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? World Ship King, Bao Yugang

Bao Yugang, the king of ships in the world

It is understood that Tianyi Pavilion, the first library in the south of the Yangtze River, has a huge collection of genealogies. At present, it has a total collection of nearly 55 genealogies involving more than 1 surnames. In the 198s, Bao Yugang found himself in Tianyi Pavilion as the twenty-ninth generation grandson of Bao Zheng.

Bao Yugang, born in 1918, is a native of Ningbo, Zhejiang Province. His father Bao Zhaolong is a businessman who runs the paper industry. Bao Yugang studied in Shanghai when he was a child. When he was in college, he was confronted with the Japanese invasion of China, so he couldn't read any more. He first worked as a clerk in a bank in Hengyang, and then worked in Chongqing Central Trust Bureau. With the smart and conscientious style of Ningbo people, he made his business flourish, so he was the manager of Chongqing Mining Bank after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War. Later, he returned to Shanghai as the business manager of Shanghai Municipal Bank. Many people think that with Bao Yugang's achievements and talents, the president's top job will definitely be his if he struggles for a few years!

At this moment, however, Bao Yugang unexpectedly submitted his resignation letter to the president, saying that his interest was not in banking, but in other aspects. He gave up his career in Shanghai with his father, and the whole family moved to Hong Kong, and with a little money saved over the years, they went to another world.

at first, he partnered with his father to do import and export business, buying dry goods, bean cakes, duck feathers, fertilizers and livestock feed from China and selling them abroad. Later, because China * * * decided to implement the national unified export of local products, the business of small companies in Bao couldn't go on. What will you do in the future? My father's choice is to manage real estate. He is an old-fashioned businessman and believes that "no land is not rich" is the truth. However, Bao Yugang, with his own eyes, thought that the real estate industry in Hong Kong at that time could only collect government rent, which was a conservative investment and "dead"; Moreover, they don't have much capital. If they go to speculate on land, they will have nothing if they are eaten. His favorite industry is shipping business. He said to his father: "Shipping is a worldwide business, and assets can be moved, covering property, science and technology, insurance, economy, politics and trade, almost everything!" Although Bao Zhaolong was not very happy, he appreciated his son's independent thinking and courage, so he finally agreed with Bao Yugang.

In 1955, at the age of 37, Bao Yugang began his dream of "king of boats". However, with their money at that time, they couldn't even afford an old boat. He made a special trip to England and wanted to borrow money from a friend who was easy to talk to. But as soon as that friend heard that he wanted to borrow money to buy a boat, he became like a stranger. Even if he refused to help, he shook Bao Yugang's shirt and said sarcastically, "Brother Yugang, you are still young and don't know anything about shipping. Be careful not to lose your shirt!" This greatly hurt Bao Yugang's self-esteem, and he secretly vowed to do great things.

Bao Yugang returned to Hong Kong empty-handed and had to borrow money from the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation. However, HSBC is not interested in the shipping industry. They think that the risk of shipping is too great. These ship owners don't know which day they will be blown into poverty by the storm, and even fall to some desert island to be "Robinson"! And the Chinese don't understand shipping at all, so it's too risky to lend them money to buy a boat? The principle of banking is not to engage in venture capital! Bao Yugang, who was not discouraged, turned and went to Japan. Interestingly, the Bank of Japan agreed to lend him money without asking him to find a Japanese company as a guarantee. In this way, Bao Yugang made up $77,, went to England again and bought a second-hand ship powered by burning coal. This ship has been used for 28 years, and its displacement is only 8,2 tons. Bao Yugang looked at the old boat like a hill, but like a rare treasure, he had it renovated and painted, and named it "Jin 'an". He said that this name symbolizes his vision and conception of operating the shipping industry: the word "gold" means to make money, while the word "security" means to strive for victory in stability.

When the Jin 'an sailed from Britain to Hong Kong and passed through the Indian Ocean, Bao Yugang had already done two things. One was to set up Global Shipping Group Co., Ltd., and the other was to negotiate with a Japanese shipping company to sublet the Jin 'an to this company to transport coal from India to Japan. Bao Zhaolong watched his son sitting on the sofa in Hong Kong and arranged all this. He also had to admire his son's ability. This ship, which he hasn't seen before, has already started to make money for the Bao family!

at that time, people who operated the shipping industry all over the world used the traditional short-term leasing method, that is, they settled accounts with the charterers once every voyage. This not only charges a high standard, but also increases the freight rate at any time. Onassis and Nicholas, the world-famous Greek shipmasters, Ludwick, the American shipmaster, and Dong Haoyun, the older Hong Kong shipmaster, all did the same. However, Bao Yugang has unexpectedly adopted a long-term leasing mode of operation, that is, it leases its own boat to others for three, five or even ten years by signing a contract, and the renter pays the rent on a monthly basis, but the rent standard is much lower. When some colleagues saw Bao Yugang doing this, they all laughed at him as a "layman" and a "fledgling little fool"! However, Bao Yugang has his own abacus. He admits that he is not familiar with the shipping business. It is better to rent it to others for a long time, but he can get rental income continuously and steadily. In this process, he can gradually learn the shipping business!

Bao Yugang really caught a good chance to get rich. The year after he bought the Jin 'an, shipping costs soared because the Suez Canal was closed due to the Egyptian war. At the end of that year, the money earned by Jinan was enough for Bao Yugang to buy seven new ships! By the second half of 1957, the shipping industry was depressed, and the freight rate fell to the lowest point. Those shipowners who engaged in short-term leasing had to pay their old money every day, but only Bao Yugang could steadily collect the rent by contract. Facts have proved that his "layman" business strategy is the best. People have to admit that Bao Yugang's luck and vision are first-class!

After this low tide passed, many people learned from Bao Yugang's method and began to buy old boats for long-term leasing. However, Bao Yugang changed its policy, renting the new ship to others for a long time, and keeping the old ship for its own operation. Because, when new ships are rented, the rent is naturally higher than that of old ships; The old ship is used by itself, and the effect is the same as that of the new ship.

Although Lien Chan was successful, Bao Yugang was still not satisfied. He thought that it was too slow to buy a new ship only by operating profit, so he must try to get a loan from the bank. At that time, Bao Yugang was still a little-known millionaire, far from being a good investment target in the eyes of bankers. But Bao Yugang also has his advantage, that is, he has been a banker for 1 years, and he has a good grasp of bankers' psychology. If you want to find it, find the biggest bank, and the biggest bank in Hong Kong is HSBC. Some people say that Hong Kong is manipulated by four major forces, namely * * *, Jockey Club, HSBC and Jardine Matheson Group. HSBC's assets exceed US$ 5 billion, most of Hong Kong's banknotes are issued by it, and most of the trade is also supported by it. Its role is even more incalculable!

Bao Yugang found Sandoz, a senior employee of HSBC. With fluent English and his familiarity with banking, he quickly won Sandoz's trust. After learning about the long-term rental management mode and income situation in Bao Yugang, Sandoz immediately decided to provide Bao Yugang with a small amount of low-interest loans.

On one occasion, Bao Yugang had the opportunity to buy a new 7,2-ton ship for US$ 1 million and lease it to a Japanese shipping company. The two sides agreed to lease it for five years. Japanese shipping companies are eager to use ships, so they are willing to come forward and ask their banks to help Bao Yugang buy ships. Bao Yugang calculated that the shipping company should pay him $75, for the first year, so it is no problem for the Japanese bank to open a letter of credit of $75, for him. So, Bao Yugang went to Sandoz, hoping that HSBC would lend him $1 million to buy him a boat. He said that he could use a letter of credit of $75, as a guarantee, and HSBC would have no risk.

$1 million is not a small sum. The prudent Sandoz will not trust anyone easily. He said rudely, "Mr. Bao, you are not telling a child that you will be rich, are you?" Bao Yugang unhurriedly asked, "Mr. Sanders, if I get the letter of credit, can you lend me a loan?"

Sanders simply replied, "Loan! As long as you have a letter of credit, I will lend it to you at once! "

Sanders believes in his own experience: You have not bought a Bao Yugang boat yet, so you need someone to rent your boat? (sun, an inspirational figure) Do you want people to ask the bank to open a letter of credit for you? Doesn't this mean that people pay you to buy a boat? ! How can there be such a good thing in the world He decided that Bao Yugang was joking.

Bao Yugang was unambiguous. When he got home, he packed his bags and went to Tokyo. He said to the Japanese shipping company, "I'm here to get the letter of credit. Because my money for buying a boat is almost short, just give me the letter of credit and I promise to deliver the boat to you within 3 days. If you trust me, just give me the letter of credit first! "

In this air-to-air struggle, Bao Yugang's good credit has become the most powerful weapon. As a result, Sandoz not only fulfilled his promise to lend Bao Yugang 1 million dollars, but also established a long-term cooperative relationship with Bao Yugang. In 1962, Sandoz was promoted to the position of general manager of HSBC, and less than two years later, HSBC began to invest in Bao Yugang Global Shipping Group Co., Ltd. HSBC has actually become the logistics department of Bao Yugang, making Bao Yugang's funds snowball. Bao Yugang's position in HSBC also rose steadily, and later he competed to become the vice chairman of HSBC!

Japanese shipyards, on the other hand, also trust Bao Yugang more, and often ask Bao Yugang to "take the boat first and pay slowly!"

under the careful management of Bao Yugang, Universal Picture's fleet grew rapidly, reaching its peak in 198, with more than 2 ships and a total tonnage of 2 million tons. Foreign newspapers have devoted a lot of space to introducing Bao Yugang, with the title "Bionaz, Sith and Nyakos are both big?" Hong Kong Bao Jazz. In the second year, the total tonnage of Bao Yugang's fleet reached 21 million tons, which was even larger than that of the fleet owned by the United States and the Soviet Union, and it became a veritable "world ship king"!

Although Bao Yugang became the world's shipping king, he also saw that the shipping industry was too risky, and many successful shipping companies were ruthlessly eliminated. Therefore, from the early 197s, he began to "land" and invested part of his property in the booming real estate industry, running hotels and transportation. In order to achieve brilliant achievements on land as well as at sea, he and Li Ka-shing, the richest man in Hong Kong, launched a soul-stirring struggle with the British capital group.

The British Capital Group and the Chinese Capital Group have been the two major capital groups that have long been in conflict with Hong Kong's industrial circles. Since Hong Kong became a British colony, British capital groups monopolized many industries, and Chinese capital was at a disadvantage for a long time. However, since the Hong Kong economy took off in the 196s, Chinese capital has gradually grown, and Li Ka-shing and others have long been eager to compete with British capital groups for the world. First, Li Ka-shing quietly bought the shares of Wharf controlled by Jardine Matheson, England, and has mastered 18% of them. But at this time, Li Ka-shing felt that Hutchison Whampoa, which belongs to the British-funded group, was more attractive to him, and it was difficult for him to eat these two places at the same time, so he made a secret meeting with Bao Yugang, hoping that Bao Yugang could take over Wharf. If they can successfully control Hutchison Whampoa and Wharf, the monopoly position of British Capital Group in Hong Kong will be shaken!

As a native of China, Bao Yugang has long hoped that the Chinese Capital Group can hold its head high. He also knows the important position of Wharf. Wharf is the largest wharf in Hong Kong, with assets of HK$ 1.8 billion, and the land price in that area is already an inch of land. Mastering Wharf means mastering the loading, unloading, storage and transportation of most materials in Hong Kong. So Bao Yugang expressed his willingness to accept Li Ka-shing's proposal. Li Ka-shing said frankly, "I have transferred all the 2 million shares of Wharf to you at the price of one share in 4 yuan. In addition, you transfer part of the shares of HSBC to me. "

Bao Yugang knows that when Li Ka-shing bought these stocks, he only spent 13 or 14 yuan per share, but he knows more about the benefits of mastering Wharf. He pondered for a moment and then said, "You drop 4 yuan per share, and we'll make a deal right away!"

Li Ka-shing agreed without hesitation. The two Hong Kong "sea and land generals" smiled and shook hands to say goodbye. Bao Yugang, who holds 2% of Wharf's shares, naturally entered Wharf's board of directors. But he was not satisfied, but continued to quietly buy Wharf shares. In April 198, Bao Yugang announced that he had controlled 39 million shares of Wharf, accounting for about 3% of the total. The British people are in a panic, because they only hold 2% of Wharf shares, which means that the power of the chairman must be handed over to Bao Yugang! In other words, Jardine Matheson will lose Wharf.

Jardine Matheson Group approached HSBC, the backstage bank, and asked HSBC to support it with enough cash so that it could acquire a large number of shares in Wharf. On June 2th this year, while Bao Yugang was on vacation in Europe, Jardine Matheson Group suddenly launched a counterattack, intending to buy 3 million shares of Wharf at a high price of 95 yuan per share, making their shares account for 49% of the total, far exceeding the number of shares held by Bao Yugang. They thought that as soon as this plan was announced, Bao Yugang would definitely withdraw from this competition. Because, Bao Yugang must buy another 2 million shares to keep his advantage, and it is simply impossible to take out 2 billion yuan in cash overnight.

Bao Yugang received this urgent information from his villa in France, and his heart ached faintly. He deeply felt that the strength of Britain, an old capitalist country, was so strong that he was almost cornered! At the same time, he also realized that what Li Ka-shing gave him was a rose with thorns!

Bao Yugang is determined to take a shot at England. He announced that he would pay a visit to the Mexican president, but quietly set off for Hong Kong on June 22nd. A few hours later, he was laughing at the press conference and announced that he had "turned around in the pawnshop" and had raised enough funds to buy 2 million shares of Wharf at a high price of 15 yuan a share!

Early the next morning, a large number of minority shareholders holding Wharf shares flocked to sell their shares. In just two hours, Bao Yugang mobilized 2.1 billion yuan to complete his acquisition plan. At this point, his stock in Wharf is 19% higher than that of Jardine Matheson Group, and he completely controls Wharf!

I don't know how many people are sighing: My God, 2.1 billion, it takes 2,1 millionaires to get together to have so much money!

"World Ship King" landed in one fell swoop and firmly grasped the control of land! Bao Yugang achieved great success, and he was respected far beyond the scope of industry. After the Queen of England knighted him, the Emperor of Japan, the King of Belgium, Panama and Brazil