Is a private loan a fraud?
Yes, it mainly depends on the purpose of private seal engraving. If engraving the official seal privately is an iou, it should be regarded as one of the fraudulent means. Using the official seal to cheat money privately may be suspected of loan fraud. The crime of forging, altering, buying or selling official documents, certificates and seals of state organs, and those who forge, alter, buy or sell or steal, rob or destroy official documents, certificates and seals of state organs, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years, criminal detention, public surveillance or deprivation of political rights and shall also be fined; If the circumstances are serious, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years but not more than ten years and shall also be fined. Whoever forges the seals of companies, enterprises, institutions or people's organizations shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years, criminal detention, public surveillance or deprivation of political rights, and shall also be fined. Article 280 of the Criminal Law whoever forges, alters or buys or sells official documents, certificates or seals of state organs shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years, criminal detention, public surveillance or deprivation of political rights, and shall also be fined; If the circumstances are serious, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years but not more than ten years and shall also be fined. Whoever forges the seals of companies, enterprises, institutions or people's organizations shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years, criminal detention, public surveillance or deprivation of political rights, and shall also be fined.