Difficulties faced by enterprises in technology research and development and introduction of results:

1. Blind introduction due to lack of research

The continuous deepening of the reform of the market economy system has made market competition Even more intensely, in order to seize market opportunities, local companies quickly introduce technical equipment into production in industries with profit margins without conducting in-depth technical research. The result is often the introduction of production technologies that are about to be eliminated by developed countries. Driven by profits, other manufacturers are eager to give it a try. However, due to the lack of technical help from advanced enterprises, backward manufacturers have to introduce the same production equipment again. In order to develop the economy of their respective regions, each local government operates independently, ignoring the overall development of the industry, and constantly introducing technology and equipment that have been introduced by other regions. The segmentation of technology introduction by enterprises and local governments makes the repetitiveness of technology introduction in my country reflect three characteristics: first, there are many repeated introductions of low-level general processing projects; second, there are many repeated introductions of local projects; third, they are concentrated in individual industries. Sexual repetition introduces more. In the mid-to-late 1990s, it took only three to four years for my country's VCD industry to go from zero to the world's largest output. The number of VCD manufacturers reached hundreds at most, and the sales price of VCD machines increased from more than 3,000 yuan in the early days. It quickly dropped to a mere two or three hundred yuan later. A large number of production companies went through the entire process from birth to bankruptcy in a short period of time. VCD production technology had already been eliminated by developed countries when it first entered our country.

2. It is difficult to obtain core technologies through technology introduction

my country’s years of technology introduction have not brought a large number of core technologies and innovative technologies. What my country has introduced are more mature or standardized technologies. technology. At present, my country's introduction of advanced foreign technologies is mainly carried out by attracting direct investment from multinational companies. Practice has proven that direct investment by multinational companies in China can, to a certain extent, improve the technological level of domestic enterprises through demonstration and imitation effects, linkage effects and human capital flows. However, the technological progress that domestic enterprises have obtained is only limited to certain processing and manufacturing links that are closely related to multinational companies. Not only does it not fundamentally improve the core technology development capabilities of domestic enterprises, it is limited to supporting production services for multinational companies, and it also makes In order to obtain orders and cooperation from multinational companies, domestic enterprises have introduced a large number of production equipment needed to meet the requirements of multinational companies for their partners' production equipment. In today's world, economic competition has shifted to the competition of standards and brands. Possession of core technologies and proprietary technologies is a necessary condition for gaining competitive advantage. Therefore, in the long run, technological progress in certain processing and manufacturing links alone cannot meet the requirements for further sustainable development of our country's economy. Instead, domestic enterprises need to master the core technologies and proprietary technologies of major products. Taking the automobile industry as an example, 30% of the technologies introduced by my country's automobile industry have reached the level of the 1980s; 30% of the replacement products developed have reached the technical level of the 1980s; 40% of products have backward technology. The key production technology of cars has always been controlled by foreign parties. Domestic automobile companies can only occupy part of the mid- to low-end car market with low added value, while the mid-to-high-end car market with higher added value is occupied by cars of foreign brands. In terms of R&D in the automotive industry, although Shanghai Volkswagen has established a joint venture with General Motors to develop a technology development center, so far it has been difficult to operate effectively and the technology spillover effect is not obvious.

3. Technology introduction is mainly concentrated in labor- and resource-intensive industries

Today, the focus of technology research and development in developed countries has shifted from technology that improves production efficiency and process level to technology that develops new products. change. Judging from the statistical data in recent years, the focus of my country's technology introduction is still on production-oriented technologies in labor- and resource-intensive industries, which are mainly used to improve the process level of the manufacturing industry. Statistics in 2011 show that in terms of contract value, technology introduction is mainly concentrated in the production and supply industry of electricity/steam/hot water, electronics and communication equipment manufacturing, ferrous metal smelting and rolling processing industry, accounting for 10% of the contract value respectively. Total amount of 15.02, 13.47, 10.06.

Judging from the number of contracts, technology introduction is mainly concentrated in transportation equipment manufacturing, electronic and communication equipment manufacturing, and other manufacturing industries. The ratios of the number of contracts to the total number of contracts are 15.02, 13.47, and 10.06 respectively. Since the tasks of my country's industrialization stage have not been completed, the country's basic processing and manufacturing capabilities are still relatively backward, forcing Chinese companies to continue to introduce technologies and techniques used to improve the level of traditional basic processing and manufacturing. In developed countries, the production and supply of electricity/steam/hot water, the manufacturing of electronic and communication equipment, the smelting and rolling processing of ferrous metals, and the manufacturing of transportation equipment have already entered the stage of technological maturity and standardization. It can be seen from this that there are stage differences in my country's technological level compared with developed countries.

4. Low capital investment in digestion and absorption

Digestion, absorption and secondary innovation of imported technologies are important conditions for the success of technology introduction. The purpose of introducing technology is to promote the improvement of the country's technological level and does not include the technological progress of foreign-funded enterprises. Whether technology can be digested, absorbed and re-innovated in a timely and effective manner after it is introduced, thereby forming technological achievements with national characteristics, is the only way to determine whether technology introduction can effectively promote the rapid improvement of the country's technological level. However, due to various reasons, in the current technology introduction in my country, there is a common problem of excessive technology introduction and serious insufficient digestion and absorption. The capital investment used for digestion and absorption of introduced technology is only 1/3 of the capital investment for technology introduction, while The ratio in Japan is between 3:1 and 5:1. The ability to digest and absorb technology after it is introduced mainly depends on the extent of the country’s investment in R&D. In 2011, the country's total R&D expenditure was 684.2 billion yuan, with a ratio to GDP of 1.54, while this ratio is about 2 in developed countries. The total amount of corporate investment in science and technology has shown rapid growth in recent years, but the proportion of science and technology investment in sales revenue is still at a very low level. The proportion of scientific and technological activity funds and research and development funds in sales is only about 1.5 and 0.8 respectively. , far below the international advanced level. After technology is introduced, only through digestion, absorption and innovation can we gradually form technological achievements that suit the country's development requirements and promote the improvement of domestic technology levels. If the technology digestion progress is not enough, it will not be able to effectively improve the country's technological level. Then the technology introduction will only stay at the original technical level, resulting in repeated introduction and waste of resources.

5. Ineffective services provided by technology intermediaries

First of all, there is a lack of legal system to regulate technology intermediary services. Our country's legal system involving intermediaries includes the "Scientific and Technological Achievements Transformation Law", the "Management Measures of the National Demonstration Productivity Promotion Center", the "Management Measures of the Entrepreneurship Park for Overseas Students", the "Civil Law", the "Contract Law", etc., but overall there is still a lack of A complete law comprehensively coordinates and regulates the rights and obligations of technology intermediaries, and does not go far enough to combat phenomena such as guanxi, kickbacks, false advertising, and disorderly competition in the intermediary market. Secondly, technology intermediaries have insufficient understanding of the needs of technology importing enterprises. The service route of my country's science and technology intermediaries is to transform scientific research results to downstream high-tech demand enterprises to improve the operational quality and competitiveness of downstream enterprises. However, it neglects to discuss with downstream enterprises the status of developing technology needs and whether the technology is suitable for the enterprises after introduction. Development needs are communicated, and scientific and technological information only flows individually among technology suppliers, technology intermediaries, and technology recipients. Technology introduction can no longer meet the effective demand in the technology market to the greatest extent. Thirdly, financial institutions do not provide adequate support to intermediaries. Most of my country's science and technology intermediaries rely on government loans, with less services and support from financial institutions. The single investment entity limits the scale of intermediary activities.

6. The talent training mechanism is imperfect

The main manifestation is insufficient education. According to the International Competitiveness Report of the World Economic Forum from 2010 to 2011, the quality of my country’s education system ranks 53rd in the world. position, and the level of re-education of employees ranks 57th in the world. Educational level affects not only the process of technology transfer to local subsidiaries, but also the diffusion to the local economy.