How should enterprises handle the accounting for mortgage loans, guaranteed loans, credit loans, etc. issued to customers in accordance with regulations?

Account processing of loan business

(1) For loans issued by an enterprise, this account (principal) should be debited according to the contract principal of the loan, and the actual amount paid should be debited to this account (principal). Accounts such as "Deposits Absorbed" and "Amounts Deposited with the Central Bank" are credited. If there is a difference, this account is debited or credited (interest adjustment).

On the balance sheet date, the uncollected interest receivable should be calculated based on the contract principal and contract interest rate of the loan, debit the "interest receivable" account, and calculate it based on the amortized cost of the loan and the actual interest rate. The determined interest income is credited to the "interest income" account, and the difference is debited or credited to this account (interest adjustment). If the difference between the contract interest rate and the actual interest rate is small, the contract interest rate can also be used to calculate the interest income.

When recovering a loan, accounts such as "Deposits Absorbed" and "Amounts Deposited with the Central Bank" should be debited according to the amount returned by the customer, and the "Interest Receivable" account should be credited according to the amount of interest receivable recovered. , according to the returned loan principal, this account (principal) is credited, and according to the difference, the "interest income" account is credited. If there is an interest adjustment balance, it should also be carried forward at the same time.

(2) On the balance sheet date, if it is determined that the loan is impaired, the "Asset Impairment Loss" account will be debited and the "Loan Loss Provision" account will be credited according to the amount that should be written down. At the same time, the balance of this account (principal and interest adjustment) should be transferred to this account (impaired), debited to this account (impaired), and credited to this account (principal and interest adjustment).

On the balance sheet date, the interest income should be calculated and determined based on the amortized cost of the loan and the actual interest rate, and the "Loan Loss Provision" account will be debited and the "Interest Income" account will be credited. At the same time, the amount of interest receivable determined based on the contract principal and contract interest rate will be registered off-balance sheet.

When recovering an impaired loan, accounts such as "Deposits from Absorbers" and "Amounts Deposited with the Central Bank" should be debited based on the actual amount received, and "Loan Loss Provision" should be debited based on the relevant loan loss reserve balance. "Account, the relevant loan balance is credited to this account (impaired), and the difference is credited to the "Asset Impairment Loss" account.

For loans that are truly irrecoverable, they will be written off as bad debts after approval according to management authority. The "Loan Loss Provision" account will be debited and this account (impaired) will be credited. After approval according to management authority, the off-balance sheet interest receivable and uncollected will be written off to reduce the amount of the off-balance sheet "interest receivable and uncollected" account.

If a loan that has been confirmed and written off is later recovered, this account (impaired) will be debited and the "Loan Loss Provision" account will be credited according to the original balance of the impaired loan that was written off. According to the actual amount received, the accounts such as "Deposits from Abroad" and "Amounts Deposited with the Central Bank" are debited. According to the balance of the impaired loan that was originally written off, this account (impaired) is credited. According to the difference, the account is credited. "Asset impairment loss" account.

Accounting entries for bank loans

Borrow: bank deposits

Loan: short-term borrowing or long-term borrowing

Provision for loan impairment Accounting processing

Loan impairment provisions refer to the provisions set aside by commercial banks to resist loan risks to make up for loan losses that cannot be recovered by the bank when due. The following entries are made for loan impairment provisions. :

Debit: Asset impairment loss

Credit: Loan impairment provision

Asset impairment loss refers to the fact that the book value of the asset is higher than its recoverable value According to the relevant provisions of the new accounting standards, the scope of asset impairment includes the treatment of impairment of fixed assets, intangible assets and other assets unless otherwise specified.