Course 4: The household contract responsibility system separates land ownership from the right to use.
From 65438 to 0978, the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee kicked off China's reform and opening up. Deng Xiaoping proposed and advocated the household contract responsibility system, which was fully implemented in rural areas from 65438 to 0983. By the end of 1983, about 98% of farmers had contracted to their households, and the land contracted by families accounted for about 97% of the total cultivated land area, realizing the separation of land ownership and use right.
Course 5: "New Land Reform" allows land transfer.
After 30 years of reform and development, on June 65438+1October 12, 2008, the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee adopted the Decision of the Central Committee on Several Major Issues in Promoting Rural Reform and Development. It is mentioned in the decision that "the right to contracted management of land should be improved, and farmers' rights to possession, use and income of contracted land should be guaranteed according to law. Strengthen the management and service of the circulation of land contractual management rights, and establish and improve the circulation market of land contractual management rights. "
Inventory: Explore land circulation around the country.
Although Hu Jintao visited Xiaogang Village in Anhui Province on September 30th, 2008, and set a new direction of land reform-keeping the existing land contract relationship stable for a long time and allowing farmers to transfer the contracted management right of land in various forms, rural land transfer has been quietly going on since the household contract responsibility system was established. Especially with the development of industrialization and urbanization, the relationship between farmers and land is changing quietly. More and more farmers leave agriculture and rural areas, and some farmers transfer or subcontract their land to others.
According to statistics, in the late 1980s and early 1990s, the national farmland circulation only accounted for 1-2% of all contracted land, which reached about 4% in the late 1990s and now reached 5-6%. Some economically developed areas, such as Zhejiang Province, are as high as 30%.
In the new round of land reform, various localities have explored rural land circulation to a certain extent, produced many new things and summarized different models. For example, Xiaogang village has changed from "distributing fields to households" to a new type of cooperation. Gansu established the first land joint-stock cooperative, Fujian Sanming farmers' land contractual management rights can be mortgaged, Wenzhou stabilized grain production by innovating agricultural land transfer mode, and Tianjin promoted homestead replacement.
The State Council approved Chongqing and Chengdu to set up a national pilot zone for comprehensive urban and rural reform, and the two places piloted land transfer to varying degrees.
In 2008, Chengdu started the pilot reform of rural property right system, and established the first property right exchange in China, forming a variety of mature land transfer modes, such as: Hongsha Village land lease mode, Longhua Village centralized management and development mode, Tang Ying Village land shareholding "equity+bonus+salary" mode, Pujiang County land subcontracting mode through leading enterprises, etc.
Chongqing has made bold explorations in the field of land reform, and there are various ways of land transfer, including subcontracting, leasing, exchange, transfer, shareholding and voluntary surrender. Created the Jiulongpo model of land for social security. Anyone who has a stable source of non-agricultural income in Jiulongpo District and voluntarily withdraws from the right to use the homestead and the right to contracted land management can declare as an urban resident's account, and enjoy the same treatment as urban residents in terms of children's enrollment, employment support, old-age insurance, medical insurance and living security.