1. What are the risks of bank loans to the stock market, and how to prevent risks?
The risk is high. You have to bear bank interest and stock transaction fees. The cost is higher than others. And can you be sure that you will make money in the stock market? Once you can't make any money and have to pay back money to the bank, your mentality will change. Affect your investment logic. If you are absolutely certain that you can make money, you can take out a loan to trade in stocks.
2. What are the risks of bank loans to the stock market and how to prevent them?
A. What are the risks:
1. Bank loans to the stock market, that is, loans to There are uncertainties in the performance of individual stocks, whether they are in normal operation and construction, and other issues. The stock market may become insolvent and unable to repay loans and interest. So of course, when banks lend to the stock market, they also have to bear certain costs. risk.
2. For banks to make profits and issue loans to the stock market, it is a risky behavior in itself, and risks exist objectively!
B. How to prevent:
1. In order to reduce risks, banks can investigate the operating conditions and industrial results of listed companies, gain an in-depth understanding of the operating procedures of the units that want loans, and calculate whether they have the appropriate qualifications on the specified date. Only by knowing your ability to repay and knowing yourself and your enemy can you reduce the level of risk.
2. Banks can also implement installment loan policies, etc. to reduce risks!
3. What are the preventive measures for bank loan risks?
In short, the preventive measures for bank loan risks are to do three aspects of work, namely pre-loan review and loan approval. And post-loan management:
1. Pre-loan review, customer access must be done well, that is, which industries and customers can do business, and what are the main risk points of the industries and customers that can do business. Bank How much risk can you bear? Specifically, do a good job in customer credit rating and credit limit;
2. In loan approval, you must do a good job in approval before loan issuance. Whether the customer's loan application is true The credit funds can be approved and released only if the purpose is legal and valid, the source of repayment is sufficient and reliable, the relevant guarantee procedures have been completed, the conditions for payment have been fulfilled, and the formal and substantive requirements are complete;
3 , Post-loan management, that is, continuous tracking and management after loan issuance, supervising whether the customer's use of funds meets the bank's credit requirements, and requiring customers to implement rectifications in a timely manner for illegal use. If the customer defaults or other situations endanger the bank's credit funds, , the bank has the right to take preservation measures and, depending on the specific circumstances, may require the customer to return the loan in advance, or dispose of the collateral, or directly request the customer.
4. What are the risks of bank loans to the stock market and how to prevent risks?
What risks are involved in bank loans to the stock market depend on the risks of the securities investment market. Uncertain and controllable with investment returns. 1. Risk Overview 1. The definition of risk is generally believed to mean that within a certain period of time, the smaller the degree of change between the expected results and the actual results of an event, the smaller the risk. This definition first confirms that risks exist objectively, and the existence of risks is related to time and space. When these conditions change, the risk may also change to the extent that the actual results change. 1) Risk is an objective negative risk. Risk mainly involves possible losses and is uncertainty. (3) Risk is measurable (4) The unity of opposition between risk and return Risk and return are two contradictory aspects. Risk requires high return, and low risk must correspond to low return. This is caused by free competition in the market economy. result. Investors must find a risk management strategy that maximizes their effectiveness at different balance points of risk and return. Overview of risk management 1. Definition of risk management Risk management is an emerging management discipline that studies risk occurrence patterns and risk control techniques. Estimates, risk evaluations, risk management techniques, effective control of risks and proper handling of losses caused by risks, in order to achieve the greatest results. Safety and security. The above definition contains the following meanings: (1) Risk management is a discipline that analyzes data as a means, uses probability theory and mathematical statistics as mathematical tools, and uses systems theory as the main body of scientific research management and is an economic unit (3) The core of risk management lies in choice. The scope of application of each of the best risk management technology combinations, therefore the comprehensive application and optimized combination of various control technologies is an important link in achieving the goal.
(4) Risk management is to achieve maximum security at the minimum cost. Achieving this goal depends not only on the comprehensive application of risk identification, estimation, and evaluation before decision-making, but also on the continuous modification of the control plan to make it more realistic. This shows that risk management is a dynamic process. 2． Basic procedures of risk management The basic procedures of risk management are the cyclical process of risk identification, risk estimation, risk evaluation, selection of risk management technology and risk management effect evaluation. (1) Risk identification Risk identification is the first step in risk management, the process of judging, classifying and identifying the nature of risks. On the one hand, the identification of risks can be judged through perceptual knowledge and experience; on the other hand, and more importantly, it must rely on the analysis and harm situation of various objective accounting and statistical data. (2) Risk estimation Risk estimation refers to the analysis of a large amount of collected data on the basis of risk identification, using probability theory and the probability of occurrence of risk and the magnitude of loss. It not only establishes risk management on a scientific basis, but also Moreover, to quantify the risk analysis and provide a more reliable basis for selecting the best management technology is to use a certain scale to measure the degree of risk in order to determine whether the risk needs to be dealt with and a certain amount of cost will be incurred. If the costs incurred exceed the losses caused by the risk accident, such treatment measures are not worth taking. (4) Select risk management technology. Based on the results of risk assessment, in order to achieve risk management goals, selecting and implementing the best risk management technology is the fourth step of risk management. In practice, an optimized combination of several management techniques is usually used to achieve the best state. Risk management technology is divided into two categories, one is control technology (control method); the other is financial technology (financing method). The former is to avoid, eliminate and reduce the chance of accidents, and take all measures to limit the expansion of losses that have occurred, with the focus on changing the various conditions that cause accidents and expand losses; the latter is to control the situation after implementing control technology. Financial arrangements made with uncontrollable risks. The core of this technology is to evenly distribute the costs of eliminating and reducing risks over a certain period of time in order to reduce financial fluctuations caused by random huge losses. Through financial processing, risk costs can be reduced to a minimum. . (5) Risk management effect evaluation Risk management effect evaluation refers to the analysis, inspection, revision and evaluation of the applicability and profitability of risk management technology. The effectiveness of risk management depends on whether maximum security can be achieved at minimum risk cost. The size of the cost is equal to the sum of the fees paid and the opportunity cost for adopting a certain management technology. The level of protection depends on the sum of direct losses and indirect losses due to the adoption of this management technology. If the former is greater than the latter, it means that the management technology is not advisable; if the latter is greater than the former, the management technology is not advisable. This technology is desirable but not necessarily optimal. In terms of economic benefits, the best technology refers to the risk management technology with the largest ratio among the available technologies: Benefit ratio = (the sum of direct losses and indirect losses that reduce risks after adopting a certain technology)/ (The sum of various fees and opportunity costs for adopting a certain technology) (6) Risk management cycle The risk management cycle refers to the five stages of risk management, namely risk identification, estimation, evaluation, technology selection and effect evaluation, which start over and over again. A recurring process. 3. Types of Securities Investment Risks Depending on the root causes of risks and the response measures, securities investment risks can be divided into two categories: systemic risks and non-systemic risks. 1) Systemic risk Systemic risk refers to the part of the change in total returns caused by factors that affect the prices of all securities. Systemic risks mainly have the following forms: 1. Macroeconomic risks 2. Purchasing power risk 3. Interest rate risk 4. Exchange rate risk 5. Market risk 6. Social and political risks 2) Non-systematic risk Non-systematic risk is the part of the total risk that only affects a certain company or industry. Factors such as management capabilities and consumer preferences will cause non-systematic changes in company profits. change. Nonsystematic factors are largely independent of those factors that affect the overall securities market. Investors can reduce or avoid unsystematic risks through prudent investment choices or portfolios of securities. The main forms of unsystematic risk are as follows: 1. Financial risk 2. Business risk 3. Liquidity risk 4. Operational Risk 4. Assessment and Control of Securities Investment Risks 1) Assessment of Securities Investment Risks Securities investment risk assessment refers to measuring the extent to which various uncertain factors may reduce the level of securities investment returns or may cause economic losses to investors.
Methods of risk assessment: There are various methods of risk assessment, mainly depending on the intention of the assessment, the object of the assessment and the conditions of the assessment. Currently, the more commonly used evaluation methods mainly include the following: (1) Expert survey method (2) Economic econometric evaluation method (3) Financial indicator evaluation method 2) Control of securities investment risks There are roughly four types of risk control: risk avoidance, risk reduction risk, retained risk and diversified risk.