1.

Observation is the basis of expression. The observation of dynamic sketch of characters can be started from four aspects.

1 morphological observation: morphological characteristics are first reflected in the proportion of morphology. The proportion of human body is "standing for seven and a half minutes, sitting for five minutes, kneeling for four minutes and holding for three and a half minutes".

The specific structure is from the top of the head to the sole of the foot, and half is the pubic bone. The length from mandible to nipple and nipple to navel is one head each; The trunk is three heads long and the width is two heads long; The upper limb has three heads, of which the upper arm is about 1.3 head, the forearm is about 1 head and the hand is about 0.7 head. Stretch your arms to the same height as the human body; The thigh has two ends, the calf has two ends including the foot, and the foot has one end.

Two-sign observation: the proportional structure of the figure's head was called "three stops and five eyes" by the ancients.

Half the length of the head is the position of the eyes; There are five equal parts from the eyes to the top of the head, and the top is the hairline; The hairline to the mandible is divided into three equal parts, which means three stops. The first stop is the position of eyebrows; The second stop is the position of the nose. The widest part of the front part of the head is divided into five equal parts, and the cheekbone is one eye wide from the outer corner of the eye; The distance between two eyes is the width of one eye (the nose is also the width of one eye), so it is called five eyes. The third part from nose to mandible is the position of mouth; The length of the ear is equal to the distance from the eyebrows to the bottom of the nose.

Observe the three-state characteristics:

The law of motion constitutes the dynamic characteristics, and the static and dynamic characteristics of the law of motion are mainly reflected in the following aspects.

1) center of gravity and supporting surface: the center of gravity is the center of human body weight and the key to supporting human body; The support surface is the area that supports the weight of human body, which refers to the distance between two feet. The position of the center of gravity is between the human sacrum and the umbilicus, and a vertical line is drawn downward from the umbilicus, which is called the center of gravity line; The center of gravity falls in the support surface, and the human body can rely on its own support; If it is outside the supporting surface, it cannot support itself.

2) Trend line: Trend line refers to the line between characters, the line between left and right shoulders and the line between left and right hips. Only when the character stands at attention and his head is straight up, the trend line is parallel; As long as the human body moves a little, the trend line is in the opposite state.

3) Body rotation: Body rotation refers to the twisting changes of three volumes: chest and buttocks. Morphological transition and trend line are two in one, trend line is the external expression of morphological transition, and morphological transition is the essential embodiment of trend line.

4) Moving line: Moving line refers to the change on the outer edge of the external shape of the body due to the change of trend line and turning point of the body. The dynamic line and morphological transition are mainly reflected in the dynamic change of trunk, and the dynamic line contains the characteristics of dynamic change of the whole body including limbs. The line that best reflects the dynamic shape change is called the active line, and the others are called the auxiliary moving line or the secondary moving line.

5) The relationship between head, neck and shoulder: The relationship between head, neck and shoulder is the most prone to problems in figure sketching. The head position changes due to dynamic characteristics or perspective and perspective.

Observe four signs: clothing is an important part of the image and is also typical. Physical characteristics, image characteristics, dynamic characteristics and clothing characteristics together constitute the character characteristics of the characters, but observation cannot rely entirely on intuitive feelings. By using the method of correcting the observed object with vertical and parallel lines, we can start from a certain point of the inspected object, from top to bottom or from bottom to top; From left to right, or from right to left; Look at the part from the whole, look at the whole from the part, look at the comparison from the whole, and observe in the comparison.

2. 1.5 Body proportion

The length of the human body is based on the length of the head.

Head: unit of length; Trunk: the front side is close to three heads long; Neck: the connecting line from chin to acromion is 1/3 head length; Thoracic: the head length from the acromion line to the lower edge of the thorax is 1 and1/3; Back: 3.5 heads long. The greater trochanter and pubic symphysis are at the height of 1/2. The upper limbs are three heads long. The lower limbs are 4 heads long.

2.2 landscape sketch

1 overview

Landscape sketch has a wide range of framing. Facing a scene and an environment, it is impossible to draw everything you see in great detail. You should make an appropriate choice, take the object you want to draw as the main body, match the relevant auxiliary scenery, and remove some trivial scenery that you think is harmful to the picture composition, so that the picture can achieve the picture effect of clear hierarchy in the near, medium and long term, clear relationship between subject and object, and harmonious combination of objects and images.

2 composition

Composition is to arrange the picture. Usually sketching, arranging the object in the appropriate position of the picture, is already in the position of managing drawing, and it is already a composition exercise. Generally speaking, the composition forms can be summarized as follows, such as S-shaped composition, triangular composition, C-shaped composition, trapezoidal composition, full composition and sparse composition.

S-shaped composition: This composition form can be understood from two aspects. First of all, the content to be painted is distributed on the screen, forming an S-shaped bending change. The second is to describe the twists and turns in space, such as circuitous mountains and rivers.

Triangular composition: Triangular composition with different inclination will produce different sense of stability. When painting, objects can be arranged into triangles with different inclination angles according to different needs, resulting in artistic feelings of different triangle compositions.

C-shaped composition: the composition form is arranged in a C shape on the screen, and the middle and one side of the screen are left blank. The wonderful content of the picture is arranged on the inner edge of the C-shape. This is a flat composition form, which pays attention to the change of the edge of the whole C-shaped contour.

Full composition: this is to understand the composition from the perspective of quantity. Pictures full of composition are rich in content and are usually used to express energetic content.

Trapezoidal composition: Trapezoidal composition is a relatively stable composition form, which makes the content elegant and solemn. Many still life paintings often use this composition.

Sparse composition: the content of the picture is sparse, and it is thought-provoking to win more with less. We should pay attention to the topic selection of sparse drawings, so as to achieve the goal of winning more with less.

Three steps

1. Determine the apparent horizon of the picture, and draw the position and outline of the building on the picture.

2. Draw the structural relationship of each part of the building and divide the perspective trend line of doors and windows. According to the need, the light and heavy are separated from the actual situation, and the doors and windows and necessary details are further depicted.

3. Match some trees in the near, medium and long term appropriately to improve the picture.