The liability business of commercial banks is as follows:

1. Protection system for depositors. The legal nature of deposits is that the depositor lends currency to the bank by entering into a deposit contract with the commercial bank, and the bank repays the principal and interest on time according to the interest rate stipulated in the contract without delay. The interest rate of the deposit contract remains unchanged. In addition to the adjustments made by the People's Bank of China to the current deposit interest rate, the interest rate agreed on the time savings (contract) remains unchanged, and neither the borrower nor the bank may unilaterally make adjustments during the period;

2. Deposit business. The deposit business of commercial banks mainly refers to the various deposits undertaken by the bank, including demand deposits, time deposits, fixed deposits, lump sum deposits, interbank deposits and other deposit businesses;

3. Other liability businesses. Commercial banks can raise funds from the outside through the following debt methods:

(1) Borrowing from the People's Bank of China. There are two main forms: direct borrowing and bill rediscount;

(2) Issuance of financial bonds. Financial bonds are a type of securities issued by banks in order to raise idle funds in the society. The bond holders have the right to obtain fixed interest on a regular basis and to recover the principal upon maturity. The funds raised from the issuance of financial bonds can only be used to issue special loans and cannot be diverted to general industrial and commercial enterprise loans;

(3) Inter-bank lending. This refers to temporary borrowing by commercial banks from other banks and financial institutions due to temporary insufficient funds. Interbank lending is generally short-term. Although the time is short, it can maintain the normal turnover of funds and avoid or reduce losses caused by selling assets. Therefore, interbank lending is a capital adjustment activity between financial institutions to promote economic prosperity, and its interest rate level is generally low. Article 46 of the Commercial Bank Law stipulates that inter-bank lending shall comply with the regulations of the People's Bank of China. It is prohibited to use borrowed funds to issue fixed asset loans or for investment. Lending funds are limited to fully paid deposit reserves, sufficient reserve funds and idle funds after the return of expired loans from the People's Bank of China. The borrowed funds are used to make up for the shortcomings in bill settlement, interbank exchange difference positions and the need for temporary working capital;

(4) Issuance of short-term financing bonds. Within the national planned bond issuance quota, the China Banking Regulatory Commission can approve enterprises to issue short-term financing bonds with maturities of 3 months, 6 months and 9 months to make up for temporary and seasonal shortages of liquidity;

(5) Issuance of large-amount transferable time deposit certificates. With the approval of the China Banking Regulatory Commission, commercial banks may issue large-amount transferable time deposit certificates. The term of the certificate of deposit shall not exceed 12 months. Non-banking financial institutions are not allowed to issue large-amount negotiable time deposit certificates.

Legal basis:

Article 39 of the "Commercial Bank Law of the People's Republic of China"

Commercial bank loans shall comply with the following assets and liabilities Provisions on proportional management:

(1) The capital adequacy ratio shall not be less than 8%;

(2) The ratio of the balance of current assets to the balance of current liabilities shall not be less than Twenty-five percent;

(3) The ratio of the loan balance to the same borrower and the capital balance of a commercial bank shall not exceed 10%;

(4) Bank of the State Council Other provisions of the industry supervision and management agency on the management of asset-liability ratios. If a commercial bank established before the implementation of this law does not meet the provisions of the preceding paragraph in terms of its asset-liability ratio after the enforcement of this law, it shall comply with the provisions of the preceding paragraph within a certain period of time. Specific measures shall be prescribed by the State Council.