Bank acceptance bill is a kind of commercial bill. It is a bill in which a depositor opens a deposit account in an accepting bank, applies to the opening bank, accepts it after examination by the bank, and guarantees to unconditionally pay a certain amount to the payee or holder on the specified date. Accepting a commercial bill issued by the drawer is the credit support given by the bank based on the recognition of the drawer's credit standing.
A bank acceptance bill is a negotiable instrument with the bank as the acceptor. Acceptance refers to the act of the acceptor unconditionally paying the amount of the bill to the payee on the maturity date of the bill. After the drawee indicates the word acceptance on the bill and signs it, it confirms the payment responsibility for the bill and becomes the acceptor.
Sign a loan contract, lend money at the agreed amount, and pay at the agreed interest rate on the interest settlement date; On the day when the silver ticket is discounted, the discount interest has been deducted, and the money received is the amount of the silver ticket-discount interest.
2. What's the difference between acceptance bills and bank loans?
1. It is difficult to grant loans now, but it is relatively easy to grant loans (to put it bluntly, it is a disguised loan). This is called having policies at the top and countermeasures at the bottom.
Discounting in the bank requires contracts and invoices, and the procedures are quite troublesome. Moreover, the discounts provided by city commercial banks and credit cooperatives are also unattainable (banks do not recognize them).
3. Deposit is required to open a bank guarantee. For example, a 50% deposit means giving the bank 50,000 yuan in cash, so you can open a bank commitment letter of 654.38+10,000 yuan, but the extra 50,000 yuan is also mortgaged. Now many banks have no collateral and can't give you more acceptance (banks also want 100% capital security).
Third, the difference between discount and loan.
The difference between discount and loan is as follows: 1, and the interest collection time is different. The discount interest in the discount business is deducted from the denomination of the bank acceptance bill when the business occurs, that is, the discount interest is deducted in advance. The loan is to collect loan interest afterwards, which can be recovered together with Unicom's principal at maturity, or to collect interest regularly according to the contract; 2. The borrowers have different identities. Loans are usually borrowed from the buyer (payer), and bill discounting is usually borrowed from the holder (payee); 3. With different financing periods, the loan period can be long or short, and the bill discount period is generally short, generally within 65,438+0 years; 4. The liquidity is different, and the principal and interest can only be recovered when the loan expires, so the liquidity is poor. Bills discounted by commercial banks can also be financed through cash discount and rediscount, which is highly liquid; 5. The risks are different. In the bill discount business, the bank reserves the right of recourse to the seller of the bill, in fact, it reserves the right of recourse to the accepting bank, so the risk of bill discount is low. When the loan expires, the bank can only mortgage the borrower if the borrower is unable to repay it. Therefore, the loan risk is higher than the bill discount. Discount is a commercial term, which refers to the unexpired commercial acceptance bill or bank acceptance bill issued by the payer, accepted by the acceptor and then transferred to the transferee (holder). The transferee (holder) applies to a financial institution such as a bank to realize the bill, and the bank and other financial institutions deduct the interest from the discount date to the maturity date of the bill according to the par value, and pay the balance to the holder (payee). When a commercial bill expires, the ultimate holder will collect money from the acceptor according to the bill. Loan is a form of credit activity in which banks or other financial institutions lend monetary funds at a certain interest rate and must return them. Loans in a broad sense refer to loans, discounts, overdrafts and other borrowing funds. Banks put concentrated money and monetary funds out through loans, which can meet the needs of social expansion and reproduction and promote economic development. At the same time, banks can also obtain loan interest income and increase their own accumulation.
4. What's the difference between rediscounting and refinancing?
There are three differences between rediscount and refinancing: First, they are different in nature: 1. The essence of rediscount: rediscount is the behavior of the central bank to provide financing support to commercial banks by purchasing discounted but not yet expired commercial bills held by commercial banks. 2. The essence of refinancing: refinancing refers to the loans granted by the central bank to financial institutions to achieve the monetary policy objectives. China's refinancing has two meanings. Refinancing in a narrow sense refers to the general term for central bank loans to financial institutions. Broadly speaking, refinancing refers to the concept of refinancing, including bill rediscount. Second, they have different functions: 1. Function of rediscount: As one of the three traditional monetary policy tools of western central banks (open market business, rediscount and deposit reserve), rediscount has been widely used in many countries, especially after World War II, and has been successfully applied to the economic reconstruction of Japan, Germany, South Korea and other countries. The reason why rediscount can get such attention and application is that it not only affects the credit expansion of commercial banks and regulates the total money supply, but also can selectively finance different kinds of bills according to the requirements of national industrial policies and promote economic restructuring. 2. The role of re-lending: By adjusting the interest rate of re-lending, the central bank affects the cost and availability of credit funds obtained by commercial banks from the central bank, thus changing the money supply and market interest rate. For example, when the central bank wants to tighten monetary policy, it can raise the refinancing rate, reduce the amount of base money, increase the loan cost of commercial banks to the central bank, and curb the loans of commercial banks to the central bank. The adjustment of refinancing interest rate is an effective way for the central bank to publicize the changes of monetary policy to commercial banks and the society, which can have a forecasting effect and thus affect people's expectations to a certain extent. When the central bank reduces the refinancing rate, it means that inflation has eased in the eyes of the central bank, which will bring investment and economic growth, and adjust the industrial structure and product structure to some extent. Third, the nature of the two is different: 1, rediscount nature: because the bill is a bill that the buyer's bank promises to pay unconditionally, the seller's bank is willing to accept the bill in order to provide its customers with the necessary funds in time. The behavior of commercial banks to buy such bills is bill discount. Because there is a time difference between the time of bill discount and the time of bill maturity, during this time, bill discount is tantamount to commercial banks providing loan support to their customers, so loan interest should be included. When discounting bills, commercial banks cannot buy bills at the original price, but must discount them at the original bill amount. This discount is the interest of discount financing, and the discount rate is usually called the discount rate. 2. The nature of refinancing: refinancing is a quantitative monetary policy tool with strong planning, administration and passivity. However, it should be pointed out that it is impossible for any single and independent monetary policy tool to complete all macro-control by learning from the financial development experience of developed countries, but it is necessary to choose appropriate tools to cooperate and coordinate according to the monetary policy objectives in different periods.