The classification method of bank non-performing loans is "one loan exceeds two loans" (overdue loans refer to loans that cannot be repaid after the loan contract expires, sluggish loans refer to loans that have not been repaid after one year, and non-performing loans refer to loans that cannot be recovered), which is a post supervision management method based on the loan term. However, "one excess and two retention" also has shortcomings, that is, it covers up many problems in the quality of bank loans. For example, checking the loan quality according to the maturity time of the loan will lead to the phenomenon of borrowing new loans and returning old ones, and it is easy to turn non-performing loans into normal loans, without actually reducing risks. To understand non-performing loans, we must first understand its definition: non-performing loans refer to loans in which borrowers fail to repay the principal and interest of commercial banks on time according to the original loan agreement, or there are signs that borrowers fail to repay the principal and interest of commercial banks on time according to the original loan agreement. According to the types of non-performing loans, it is divided into the following three types: 1. Overdue loans refer to loans that are overdue (including those due after extension) and cannot be repaid (excluding sluggish loans and bad loans). 2. Sluggish loans refer to loans that are overdue (including those due after extension) for more than 2 years (including 2 years) and loans that are not due or overdue for less than 2 years but cannot be repaid (excluding bad debts), but the rate of non-performing loans in production has dropped to the extent that business has stopped and construction of projects has stopped. 3. Non-performing loans refer to loans that borrowers and guarantors fail to pay off after being declared bankrupt according to law; According to "General Principles of Civil Law of People's Republic of China (PRC)" and "General Principles of Civil Law", loans that cannot be paid off after the borrower dies or is declared missing or dead; Due to major natural disasters or accidents, the borrower is really unable to repay part or all of the loans with huge losses, or the loans that cannot be repaid after insurance settlement; The lender's proceeds from disposing the loan collateral according to law are not enough to offset the collateral; Loan projects approved for write-off by the State Council. Generally speaking, if the borrower fails to repay the principal and interest within three months, the loan will be regarded as a non-performing loan. Therefore, I suggest that you try not to overdue the repayment, which will not only bear multiple interests, but also leave a stain on your credit record.
Second, the legal definition of non-performing loans
Non-PerformingLoan (NPL), also referred to as abnormal loan or problem loan, refers to the loan in which the borrower fails to repay the principal and interest of the commercial bank loan on time according to the original loan agreement, or there are signs that the borrower cannot repay the principal and interest of the commercial bank loan on time according to the original loan agreement. China once defined non-performing loans as the sum of non-performing loans, sluggish loans and overdue loans (that is, "one loan exceeds two loans").
Third, the legal definition of non-performing loans.
Classification standard of non-performing loans Overdue loans refer to overdue loans (excluding sluggish loans and bad loans). Sluggish loans) Loans that cannot be repaid for more than 2 years (including 2 years) and loans that have stopped loans and projects (excluding non-performing loans) refer to non-performing loans:
First, the borrower and the outstanding loan after repayment;
Two, the borrower died or in accordance with the provisions of the "General Principles of the Civil Law of People's Republic of China (PRC)", with its property or heritage to pay off the loan;
Three, the borrower suffered a major natural disaster or accident, huge losses and can not get insurance compensation, really unable to repay part or all of the loan, failed to pay off the loan;
4. The lender disposes of the loan collateral and pledge, and the price is not enough to offset the mortgaged or pledged part;
Verb (abbreviation of verb) Loan projects approved for write-off by the State Council.
Four, the five-level classification of non-performing loans is which level of loans?
Non-performing loans refer to three types of loans (sub-prime, doubtful and loss) with sub-prime and below classification levels. These five types of loans are as follows:
1. Normal loan: The debtor can perform the contract, and there is no sufficient reason to suspect that the debtor cannot repay the debt in full and on time.
2. Pay attention to the loan: Although the debtor has the ability to repay the debt at present, there are some factors that may adversely affect the repayment.
3. Subprime loan: The debtor has obvious problems in repayment ability, and cannot fully repay the loan principal and interest by relying entirely on its normal operating income. Even if the guarantee is implemented, it may cause certain losses.
4. Suspicious loan: The borrower can't repay the loan principal and interest in full, even if the guarantee is implemented, it will definitely cause great losses.
5. Loss loan: After taking all possible measures or all necessary legal procedures, the principal and interest can not be recovered or only a small part can be recovered.