South Korea’s re-guarantee system is also one of the more complete countries in the world. The Korea Credit Guarantee Fund Federation was established in August 2000. It is a credit guarantee institution established in accordance with the "Korean Local Credit Guarantee Fund Act" , and jointly established a nationwide guarantee and re-guarantee operating mechanism by uniting 16 local credit guarantee funds in South Korea. The Credit Guarantee Fund Federation is the main re-guarantee institution and undertakes the vast majority of re-guarantee business across the country. Its capital mainly comes from three aspects: first, membership fees paid by 16 regional credit guarantee funds; second, government budget allocations; third, donations from financial institutions. Korean law stipulates that financial institutions must provide free donations to re-guarantee institutions based on 0.2 of the annual loan size.

The Credit Guarantee Fund Federation has established a re-guarantee relationship with local credit guarantee funds, automatically re-guarantee the guarantee projects provided by credit guarantee funds across the country, and assumes joint liability for compensation, with a liability sharing ratio of 50-60 , the compensation amount for a single re-guarantee shall not exceed 200 million won (approximately US$200,000). Under normal circumstances, if there is a loan default in the credit guarantee business of small and medium-sized enterprises, the Credit Guarantee Fund will first repay 85% of the loan amount, and the other 15% will be shared by the lending bank. The Credit Guarantee Fund Federation will compensate the Credit Guarantee Fund for 42.5% of the loan amount. The Korea Credit Guarantee Fund Federation charges a re-guarantee fee to local credit guarantee funds, with a base rate of 0.8 per year. Since the guarantee rate charged by the local credit guarantee fund to insured enterprises fluctuates within the range of 0.5-2 per year, the actual re-guarantee rate can also fluctuate up or down. In 1953, Japan promulgated the "Small and Medium Enterprises Financial Public Treasury Law" and fully funded the establishment of a small and medium-sized enterprise financial public treasury in accordance with the law, which was a symbol of the establishment of Japan's re-guarantee (credit insurance) system. The small and medium-sized enterprise financial treasury is mainly led by the government and has established re-guarantee relationships with 52 local credit guarantee associations in accordance with the law. The Credit Guarantee Association signs a guaranteed loan agreement with the small and medium-sized enterprises that apply for loans and the financial institutions that issue the loans, and automatically obtains the re-guarantee confirmation for the guaranteed loan from the SME Financial Treasury through the re-guarantee information platform, effectively decentralizing the credit guarantee association's risks assumed. The Small and Medium Enterprises Finance Corporation and the Credit Guarantee Association bear joint and several liability for guarantee projects in proportion. The former bears a proportion of 70-80, and the latter bears a proportion of 20-30, which increases the credit amplification factor of the Credit Guarantee Association to 30 times. above. The SME Finance Corporation and SMEs pay guarantee fees to the Credit Guarantee Association, and the Credit Guarantee Association pays re-guarantee fees to the SME Finance Corporation. The biggest factors for its success are strong government support and advanced technological support.

The Japanese government has injected 1,356.5 billion yen (approximately US$12.2 billion) in capital into the Small and Medium Enterprises Finance Corporation, which is the largest government re-guaranteed investment in the world. Through huge financing assistance and preferential tax policies, it has improved the credit rating and profitability of 52 credit guarantee associations, thereby achieving financing support for small and medium-sized enterprises. During the process of guarantee project processing, procedural matters are handled by the loan financial institution, daily management is implemented by the local Credit Guarantee Association, and risk control relies on the management of the Japan Credit Risk Database Association (CRD). Among Japanese small and medium-sized enterprise credit guarantees, businesses without counter-guarantee measures account for more than 60% of the total business. They mainly provide reliable information to financial institutions and investors through a complete small and medium-sized enterprise credit risk data information platform. The credit guarantee system in the United States is relatively complete and distinctive. The U.S. Small Business Bureau was established in 1953. It is an independent federal agency. Its main function is to provide financial assistance management and technical support to small businesses. It integrates guarantees and re-guarantees to provide loans to commercial financial institutions or non-profit institutions. To provide guarantees, 7,000 commercial banks across the country have joined the national small business credit guarantee system as cooperative banks. Their guarantees and re-guarantees are directly operated by the government, and no special re-guarantee mechanism has been established.

The federal government formulates a small business guaranteed loan program, which clearly stipulates the purpose of each fund, loan conditions, guarantee amount and guarantee fees, loan interest standards, and the responsibilities of the executive agency. The Enterprise Bureau assumes joint and several liability for subsequent compensation to the lending bank in the form of a commitment. After the relevant annual budget is approved by Congress, it will be included in the fiscal budget and a normal compensation mechanism for the guarantee fund will be established.

In specific operations, credit institutions submit guarantee applications to the U.S. Small Business Administration. The U.S. Small Business Administration reviews the guarantee projects reported by lending institutions and borrowing enterprises according to the guarantee plan, and decides whether to provide guarantees to the lending institutions. The government bears the final re-guarantee responsibility. Lending banks share the risks of guaranteed loans in accordance with government requirements. Normally, for loans within 1 million U.S. dollars, the lending bank's sharing ratio is not less than 25; for small loans within 100,000 U.S. dollars, the lending bank's sharing ratio is not less than 20. The operation of the German small and medium-sized enterprise credit guarantee system mainly relies on the banking system. Since the establishment of the first guarantee bank engaged in guarantee business in Germany in 1945, at least one guarantee bank has been established in each of the 16 German states, forming a relatively complete guarantee system. The federal and state governments have formulated a re-guarantee risk sharing system.

The risk-sharing ratio between German loan banks and guarantee banks is 2:8. The guarantee banks bear 80% of the loan risks and are shared by the national bank. Of these 80% of the loan risks, the federal government provides The re-guarantee bears 31.2, the re-guarantee provided by the state government bears 20.8, and the guarantee bank only bears 28, which largely disperses and transfers the risks of the guarantee bank. At the same time, reguaranteed loans have longer terms.

In order to support entrepreneurship in Germany, the federal government’s financial assistance can be roughly divided into low-interest loans and long-term loans, that is, low-interest long-term loans are provided to small and medium-sized enterprises through a series of national bank refinancing, and through guarantees Banks provide loan guarantees and the re-guarantee period is correspondingly longer.