Promulgated by the State Council
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Date of promulgation:1989-11-27
Implementation date:1989-11-27
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The State Council's decision on revitalizing agriculture by relying on scientific and technological progress and strengthening the popularization of agricultural scientific and technological achievements
(1989 1 1 27th)
The steady growth of agriculture, especially grain production, is the foundation of the development of the whole national economy. The development of agriculture depends on policy, science and technology and investment, but ultimately it depends on science to solve problems. Especially with the rapid development of science and technology in the world today, it is particularly important to fundamentally solve the agricultural problems related to the rise and fall of the country. China is sparsely populated. To solve the problem of 1 1 100 million people, we must strive to improve agricultural labor productivity, increase crop yield per unit area, and effectively use resources. Only by relying on scientific and technological progress can we achieve profound changes in agricultural technological transformation, and there is hope for agricultural modernization in China. Therefore, governments at all levels must take relying on scientific and technological progress to revitalize agriculture as an important strategic measure and stick to it. At present, the most important task is to popularize and apply agricultural science and technology. Governments at all levels should organize agriculture (including forestry, water conservancy, the same below), science and technology, education, industry, planning, finance, commerce, finance and other departments to work together with the broad masses of cadres and the masses to effectively achieve results. Therefore, the following decisions are made:
First, vigorously strengthen the popularization and application of agricultural scientific and technological achievements.
In the past decade, China's major agricultural scientific and technological achievements have reached more than 25,000, but many achievements have not been widely used and have great potential. The large-scale popularization and application of a large number of mature and applicable scientific and technological achievements in an organized and planned way is an important way to develop agricultural productivity with less input and more output and push agriculture to a new level. In the near future, we should pay special attention to and do a good job in the popularization and application of agricultural scientific and technological achievements with grain, cotton and oil as the main content. It is necessary to focus on the organization and promotion of comprehensive management technology for low-and medium-yield fields, excellent new varieties (including hybrid combinations), optimized farming and cultivation system for crops, high-yield mode cultivation, matching of agricultural machinery, optimized formula fertilization, dry farming, water-saving irrigation, comprehensive saline-alkali management, soil and water conservation, sand prevention and control, grassland slope improvement and management, comprehensive prevention and control of diseases, pests and rodents, optimized formula feeding, prevention and control of livestock and poultry diseases, and serial production of livestock and poultry. Cultivation of fast-growing and high-yield timber forests, shelter forests and economic forests and comprehensive utilization of forest resources, intensive cultivation of seawater and fresh water products and storage of fresh commodities, processing, preservation, storage and transportation of agricultural and sideline products, and new technological achievements such as chemical fertilizers, pesticides, agricultural films, agricultural machinery and feed processing machinery. All localities should actively promote the application of scientific and technological achievements that have passed the appraisal, formulate promotion plans at different levels according to local conditions and organize their implementation. In the future, suitable agricultural scientific and technological achievements should be released and popularized in time, and a system should be gradually formed.
Planning, agriculture and science and technology departments at all levels should support the preliminary basic work such as regional test, production test demonstration area, improved seed base and comprehensive management base construction of low-and medium-yield fields before major scientific research achievements are transformed into production. State-owned agriculture, animal husbandry, forest farms and seed farms should play an exemplary role in the experiment and popularization. All localities should establish breeding bases for improved varieties of aquaculture, and do a good job in updating, purifying and rejuvenating crops, trees and livestock and poultry varieties. In order to encourage the cultivation and popularization of improved varieties (including seedlings and vaccines), scientific research, education and popularization units are allowed to operate the seeds of excellent varieties cultivated and approved by themselves according to law. Where the use of seeds, vaccines and other scientific research results, scientific research, education, promotion units linked to production units, can be charged in accordance with the provisions of technology transfer fees, or the implementation of profit sharing, or commission from product sales, most of the proceeds for the development of new varieties.
Two, establish and improve various forms of agricultural technology extension service organizations.
Whether agricultural science and technology can be transformed into real productive forces depends on sending advanced and applicable technologies to hundreds of millions of farmers in time. All localities should further strengthen the construction of agricultural science and technology extension service system. While consolidating and developing agricultural technology extension institutions below the county level (including the county level, the same below), we should actively support various professional science and technology associations and technology research associations with farmers as the main body and farmers' technicians as the backbone, and gradually form an agricultural technology extension network combining national agricultural technology extension institutions with mass rural science popularization organizations and farmers' professional technical service organizations, so as to smooth the channels for science and technology to flow to thousands of households and all production links. Where conditions permit, provide socialized and professional services for steadily promoting moderate scale operation.
We should actively support agricultural science and technology extension institutions at all levels to deepen internal reform. Appropriately introduce paid services and competition mechanism, gradually change the way of relying solely on financial allocation and free services, operate independently on the basis of free business expenses, and gradually assume responsibility for its own profits and losses. By developing a variety of paid technical services, we will establish a technical and economic entity integrating technology, agriculture (industry) and trade, expand the sources of funds, increase the accumulation of funds, enhance technical services and self-development capabilities, and gradually develop into a technical and economic service entity. The state should grant tax reduction and exemption to these entities.
Agricultural technology contracting is a new form of popularizing agricultural technology in recent two years, which mainly promotes agricultural applicable technology in a large area on field crops and provides socialized comprehensive services in the whole process of pre-production, mid-production and post-production based on material supply and marketing. In group contracting, leadership is the guarantee, technology is the core and materials are the foundation. Government leaders at all levels should be personally responsible for integrating the departments of finance, finance, materials, commerce (including supply and marketing cooperatives), scientific research, education and technology extension to form an overall force for large-scale popularization of agricultural science and technology. Attention should be paid to relying on the scientific and technological strength of scientific research institutions and institutions of higher learning in central cities to provide necessary conditions for technology popularization and encourage them to enter the field of rural science and technology popularization. To strictly implement the "People's Republic of China (PRC) Technology Contract Law", the interests and risks of the contractor and the employer are closely linked with the contract benefits.
Third, further stabilize and develop rural science and technology teams.
For a long time, the vast number of rural science and technology workers in China have made great contributions to the development of agricultural production and rural economic construction under very difficult working and living conditions. We should continue to advocate and carry forward the spirit of hard work, unity and cooperation, dedication to the people and the cause, stabilize and consolidate the existing agricultural science and technology team, and mobilize more scientific and technological personnel to the front line of agricultural production. Attention should be paid to full-time study and short-term training for existing rural scientific and technological personnel, so that they can constantly update their knowledge. To ensure that rural scientific and technological personnel have more time to do their jobs well, they are generally not mobilized to engage in administrative work unrelated to their majors.
Governments at all levels should organize personnel, finance, agriculture, science and technology management departments to take effective measures to improve the study, working conditions and living conditions of scientific and technological personnel in rural production as soon as possible. For technical cadres working in the front line of rural science and technology popularization below the county level, we should continue to implement the Notice of the State Council Municipality on Forwarding the Report of the Ministry of Labor and Personnel and other four departments on Strengthening the Construction of the First-line Scientific and Technological Team in Agriculture and Forestry, and effectively help them solve their worries. According to the relevant provisions of the state, the establishment of township agricultural technical service institutions should be implemented as soon as possible. Since 1990, the state and local governments have used indicators and funds to jointly solve the practical problems of graduates from agricultural (forestry, water conservancy) colleges working in rural agricultural (forestry, water conservancy) technology extension service institutions within the national plan. All localities may, in light of local conditions, implement some preferential and encouraging policies for agricultural scientific and technological personnel and conscientiously implement them. Those who have made outstanding contributions shall be commended and rewarded.
It is necessary to further liberalize the talent policy, implement paid technical services, and link contributions with income. In order to give full play to the role of scientific and technical personnel in the party and government organs below the county level, we should support or send them to the front line of rural production for paid technical and economic contracting and directly engage in the promotion of rural science and technology. We should pay attention to finding and cultivating all kinds of technical talents from educated youth and local talents in rural areas, and gradually enrich a large number of affordable and retained technical backbones for rural areas.
Four, vigorously strengthen rural education, extensive technical training.
It is necessary to improve the scientific and cultural level of farmers, effectively strengthen rural literacy, cultural education and agricultural science and technology, take cultural education and technical training for rural workers as an important task, and strive to achieve practical results. Young intellectuals in rural areas are a new force in the agricultural front. We should actively create conditions for practical technical training and vocational education for junior and senior high school graduates who have not entered higher education. For outstanding achievements and levels, rewards should be given, and corresponding technical titles can be evaluated, and the township government will appoint them as farmers' technicians and technicians.
All localities should speed up the adjustment of rural education structure, increase the proportion of vocational middle schools and the teaching content of agricultural technology. Vigorously develop rural adult technical education, run agricultural radio (TV), letter (magazine) schools, farmers' night schools and various training bases, and carry out practical technical training in combination with the implementation of plans such as "Spark", "Start a prairie fire" and "Harvest". Universities and scientific research institutions should make more contributions to training and improving the quality of rural teachers. We should continue to play the role of mass organizations and democratic parties such as the Communist Youth League, women's federations and the Association for Science and Technology, and rely on social forces to continuously improve the cultural level of rural workers. Rural-oriented scientific and technological newspapers and periodicals established in various places are important propaganda tools for disseminating agricultural scientific and technological achievements in Guangxi, and governments at all levels and relevant departments should support them and give full play to their functions.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) broadens the source of funds and increases the investment in agricultural science and technology.
Relying on scientific and technological progress to develop agriculture, we must raise funds from various sources and continuously increase investment. Governments at all levels should concentrate the agricultural development funds established in accordance with regulations on agricultural science and technology investment, open up a stable source of funds for agricultural scientific research, popularization and training, and increase agricultural capital construction and technological transformation funds accordingly while increasing agricultural science and technology investment. It is necessary to open up various channels for technology promotion funds, such as extracting technology improvement fees from the business links of cash crops such as grain, cotton and oil. National comprehensive scientific research plans, scientific funds, key projects and new technology development projects should all increase investment in agricultural science and technology, and ensure that a considerable proportion of funds are used for agricultural scientific research and development projects. Finance, banks and other financial institutions at all levels, as well as competent agricultural departments, should be inclined to agricultural science and technology when increasing agricultural investment. Agricultural scientific and technological achievements popularization and application projects can arrange special loans or low-interest loans. We should actively introduce foreign capital and provide services and technical cooperation to make up for the shortage of domestic funds and technology. Actively encourage and guide collectives, agricultural development service economic entities and farmers to increase investment in agricultural science and technology. It is necessary to formulate some preferential policies to help all kinds of agricultural technical service organizations improve their capital accumulation ability and increase their investment in agricultural scientific and technological achievements popularization projects.
The relevant departments should actively arrange the materials needed for agricultural scientific research experiments and technology popularization. Agricultural technology popularization institutions below the county level shall provide supporting means of production such as chemical fertilizers, pesticides, agricultural films and agricultural diesel oil. Priority can be given to direct supply by agricultural wholesale units or factories, and the combination of technology and materials can be implemented to carry out paid services, so as to improve the effect of agricultural science and technology popularization and application and the benefit of material input.
Six, attach importance to and do a good job in agricultural high-tech and basic research.
While vigorously promoting agricultural scientific and technological achievements, it is an important guarantee to make a good layout of agricultural science and technology, so as to enhance the stamina of developing agriculture through science and technology. The national "Seventh Five-Year Plan" for tackling key scientific and technological problems must be completed as scheduled and strive to be completed ahead of schedule. At present, the Eighth Five-Year Plan and the medium-and long-term scientific and technological research plan are being worked out, so as to increase the proportion of agricultural topics and concentrate on solving major scientific and technological problems in agricultural production. The high-tech research and development plan should further highlight key areas such as agricultural biotechnology, and constantly enrich the research and development of new varieties of animals and plants in the rolling plan. All parties concerned should make joint efforts to achieve a number of breakthrough achievements for the long-term development of agriculture in this century. Basic applied research should also tilt towards agriculture. The National Natural Science Foundation should focus on supporting research projects that are of great significance to the sustainable development of agriculture in the future.
Relevant departments in the State Council should actively organize the transformation of major scientific research achievements into agricultural production. According to the needs, all localities can arrange some agricultural science and technology experimental projects that have a bearing on the overall situation in a planned way to support the productive experiments of a number of major agricultural scientific and technological achievements. Attention should be paid to arranging certain basic applied research projects, organizing scientific research units and colleges to participate, and paying attention to the connection work. Pay close attention to the new trend of world agricultural development, actively carry out international cooperation and exchanges, and introduce new agricultural technologies, new varieties and advanced management experience.
Seven, strengthen the leadership of the work of promoting agriculture through science and technology.
Relying on scientific and technological progress to revitalize agriculture is a strategic and important task, and governments at all levels should determine a leading comrade to personally grasp this work and earnestly strengthen leadership. In some places, the effect of deputy county magistrate of science and technology is better, which should be further summarized and improved. It is necessary to put the work of rejuvenating agriculture through science and technology on the important agenda, study and deploy it frequently, and pay close attention to it. It is necessary to organize agriculture, science and technology, education, planning, finance, taxation, materials, commerce, personnel and other departments to study and formulate policies and measures to promote the progress of agricultural science and technology, and organically combine scientific and technological research, technological development and achievement popularization. Agriculture, science and technology departments should take it as a major event and concentrate on completing the tasks undertaken. Agricultural scientific research and agricultural extension departments should cooperate closely and strengthen cooperation. Machinery, electronics, chemical industry, light industry, commerce, environmental protection, meteorology and other relevant departments should also make use of their respective scientific and technological advantages to play a role in deep processing of agricultural products, development of alternative resources, comprehensive utilization, development of new agricultural means of production, and environmental and ecological protection. All localities and relevant departments should, in combination with the formulation of the Eighth Five-Year Plan, seriously investigate and study, formulate the development plan of developing agriculture through science and technology in their own regions and industries, and seriously organize their implementation.
Relying on science and technology to revitalize agriculture is the glorious historical mission of governments at all levels, relevant departments and the vast number of scientific and technological workers. Governments at all levels should organize relevant departments to pay close attention to implementation and constantly sum up experience, so as to implement this work. The majority of scientific and technological personnel should enhance their sense of responsibility, unite and struggle, and make concerted efforts with Qi Xin to make new contributions to the realization of agricultural modernization.