The existence of diversified financing needs
People's financing needs are diverse. Both are personal financial management, with many levels and types. It will inevitably lead to the emergence of diversified financing methods and channels, thus the objective existence and even growth of diversified financing needs at the plenary session. As far as pawnshops are concerned, it is a financing channel in the form of pledge, that is, pawnshops issue small short-term loans to the outside world. From a global perspective, banks usually lend to individuals or some small and medium-sized enterprises, because the latter two often get loans from other financing channels.
The advantages of different financing methods exist.
Banking, insurance, securities and trust are the four pillars of modern financial industry. In history, pawnbroking once stood out and played an important role. Today, compared with the four major financial industries, especially the banking industry, pawnshops still have certain comparative advantages, and the two sides form a complementary relationship in many aspects, which is always irreplaceable.
In terms of financing methods, the difference between pawnshops and banks is very obvious.
First, the pawnshop does not take credit as a condition, does not examine the credit degree of the pawnshop, and only pays attention to the legitimacy and value of the pawnshop; Bank lending is often based on credit, which examines the credit degree of customers, including asset credit and moral credit, such as setting qualification conditions and setting loans with deposits.
Secondly, pawn shops accept both movable property pledge and right pledge, which fully meets the financing needs of individuals to exchange things for money; Banks usually only accept the pledge of rights, which cannot meet the financing needs of individuals who exchange things for money.
Third, the use of loans issued by pawn shops is not restricted, and households help themselves; However, the use of bank loans is often restricted, such as housing loans, car loans, student loans, travel loans and other designated loans.
Fourth, in terms of time, the loan issuance procedures of pawn shops are simple, convenient and fast, which is most suitable for emergency or emergency financing needs; However, the procedures for issuing loans by banks are more complicated, which is not suitable for emergency or emergency financing needs.
Fifth, in terms of space, the geographical restrictions on the issuance of loans by pawn shops are not strong, and households can raise funds in different places with valid documents; However, bank loans have strong geographical restrictions, and customers' financing in different places has many obstacles, which are often difficult to achieve. Subjective conditions refer to the individual and unique policy and legal conditions that all pawn shops in the world rely on, which are mainly manifested in the following two aspects.
(1) The policy and legal environment determine the life and death of pawn shops.
The earliest pawnshop in China originated from Buddhist temples in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, when Buddhism flourished in China. Feudal rulers helped monks get rich, making them widely involved in real estate, commerce and usury. Pawnshops, while operating usury, have quickly become a popular financial institution in society due to the protection of national policies and laws, and gradually moved towards the high growth stage of the trinity of monks, private individuals and officials.
/kloc-In Europe in the 0/5th century, Franciscans, a branch of Catholicism, opened a charity pawnshop with the support of the government, and initially issued interest-free pledge loans in order to crack down on vicious usury. Later, this kind of public welfare pawnshop began to charge interest appropriately, and was recognized by the Church Law adopted by the Fifth Catholic Bishops' Conference in 15 15, making it completely legal for pawnshops to charge interest.
During the period of Paris Commune, the revolutionary regime had legislated to close pawn shops, which made the French pawn industry enter a short blank period.
After the liberation of China, the ban on pawnbroking also made the survival of the pawnbroking industry strongly restricted by national policies and laws. It was not until the reform and opening up that the pawnbroking industry in China was able to make a comeback and see the light of day again.
All these show that the existence of pawn shops can not be separated from a national policy and legal environment. The different policy and legal environment of countries and regions in the world also determines the living space and quality of pawn shops in these countries and regions. For example, the French government legislates to prohibit the existence of privately owned pawn shops; However, American states have legislated to allow pawnbrokers with different property rights to operate, whether it is sole proprietorship, partnership or corporate legal system. In China, Article 4 and Article 10 of the Interim Measures for Pawnshop Management, which was implemented by the People's Bank of China when supervising the pawnbroker industry, respectively stipulate that the organization form of pawnbrokers is limited liability companies, and it is forbidden to set up individual pawnbrokers. Paragraph 2 of Article 3 of the Measures for the Administration of Pawnshops implemented by the State Economic and Trade Commission only stipulates: Pawnshops as mentioned in these Measures refer to enterprise legal persons established in accordance with the Company Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) and these Measures and specializing in pawning activities.
(2) The policy and legal environment determine the development of pawn shops.
The survival and development of pawn shops are two different concepts. Due to the different policies and laws in different countries and regions of the world, pawn shops can survive and develop. Pawnshops are easy to survive and difficult to develop; Even pawnshops are facing the dilemma of survival and development.
According to the Pawn Law of Texas, the area where the newly-opened pawnshop is located must meet the hard conditions of more than 250,000 people in each county. And the distance between each pawnshop must be kept at least 2 miles. In other words, pawnshops can survive and develop according to law in areas with large population, but they can't go to areas with small population for business development. In this regard, the provisions of the Nevada Pawn Law are: Pawnshops are allowed to be established in every 50,000 population area; The Georgia Pawnshop Law, which was revised and implemented in June 1998, simply stipulated that the state government would not approve any pawnbrokers after that year1October 30 10, which completely cut off investors' idea of continuing to open and develop new pawnbrokers in the state.
In contrast, the new "Pawnshop Management Measures" promulgated by the State Economic and Trade Commission provides unprecedented development space for China's pawnbrokers in many aspects, such as entry threshold, equity structure, debt management, business scope, branches and death treatment, which will further release pawnbrokers' energy and guide pawnbrokers to make new contributions to the sustained prosperity of China's market economy.