(A) the special geographical location
Zhouning county is located in the northeastern mountainous area of Fujian Province, at the southern end of Donggong Mountain Range, at the eastern foot of Jiufeng Mountain Range, with an east diameter of111929', a north latitude of 26 53'-27 29', a width of about 33 kilometers from east to west and a length of about 46 from north to south. Provincial Highway No.302 and Ningde-Wuyishan expressway, which is under construction, cross the county, which is the throat from eastern Fujian to northern Fujian with convenient transportation.
(2) Strange and diverse landforms
The territory is characterized by rolling mountains and valleys, steep terrain and complex terrain. There are three types of landforms: Zhongshan, low mountains and hills. Among them, the middle and low mountains with an altitude of 500 ~ 15 10 meters account for 87.7% of the total land area of the county, and the hills below 500 meters account for 12.3% of the total land area. There are 26 peaks above 1000 meters above sea level, and the main peak, Longgang Mountain, stands in the middle of the county with an altitude of 15 10 meters. The west is high in the middle, steep in the southeast, low and steep in the south, and high and open in the middle. The main stream 18, the largest stream in Long Ting is 56 kilometers long. Due to the complex trend of mountains, basins and valleys, Zhouning's landforms are extremely complex and diverse, with a wide variety of native vegetation, dense forests (forest coverage rate is 72.5%, ranking among the top in the province), beautiful environment (1998 won the "Environmental Beauty Award" by the Environmental Committee of Fujian Provincial People's Congress), and sometimes the mountains are green, sometimes the rivers are criss-crossed, and the clouds are lingering, so the ancient trees are towering.
(3) Superior climatic conditions
Zhouning county is located in the subtropical agricultural climate zone and belongs to the subtropical maritime monsoon climate. The altitude difference is great, the three-dimensional climate is obvious, the four seasons are distinct, the winter is long and the summer is short, the climate is mild and the rainfall is abundant. The division of four seasons is 1-2 months later than the astronomical season, which determines and constitutes the basic characteristics of the production of "Lawsuit Yunwu Tea". The annual average temperature is 13.5℃- 16.8℃, and there is no intense heat. The average daily temperature in summer is 24℃, and the temperature in winter is low. The annual average sunshine hours 1757.9 hours, and the active accumulated temperature greater than 10℃ is 5158.6℃; The temperature difference between day and night is large, with an annual average of 7.30℃, which is beneficial to the accumulation of tea contents, and the tea produced is fragrant, delicious and pure. The annual rainfall is 1600-2200mm, and the average air relative humidity is about 83%. The clouds linger, causing a lot of diffusion and scattered light. The annual average foggy day is 80 ~ 100, which belongs to the foggy county in the province. The frost-free period is 2 14 days -272 days.
(4) Fertile soil: the barren hills suitable for tea in the county cover an area of 2,800 hectares, with red and yellow soil, good water permeability, deep soil layer, slightly acidic soil (PH4.5-6.5), high organic matter content (above 4.5%), high fertility (65% is Grade I and 33% is Grade II), and the average total nitrogen content is 0.65438+.
(E) A long history of tea culture
Zhouning has a long history of planting, producing and selling tea. Tea is an important item for people in Zhouning to respect guests, get together and treat diseases. "Lawsuit Yunwu Tea" is one of the famous teas in Fujian Province. It has been planted for more than 400 years since the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty. The quality of tea is well known and enjoys a good reputation. It is as famous as "Tan Yang Kung Fu" and "Berlin Kung Fu", and it has left a deep impression on the development history of tea industry in eastern Fujian. According to historical records such as Zhouning County Records, in the eighth year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty (1580), Lawsuit Village was originally a lush green forest, which was far away from Puyuan villagers in the 15th century. They moved to the litigation camp to manage lush green forests and plant tea trees. Its tea varieties belong to sexual primitive group species, shrub-like, semi-spreading, with protruding leaves, with an average leaf thickness of 0.565438 0 mm, crisp dark green leaves, in the bud stage and so on. The content of amino acids is 4. 1%, and the content of tea polyphenols is 25.4%, which has high yield and strong stress resistance. During the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty, Zhou Ning merchants visited Fuzhou with "Wu Yun Tea" and met foreign tea merchants. After drinking it, they felt that the quality was excellent and their reputation was great. Subsequently, more than 20 tea shops (refined workshops) such as "Guangyuan Tai" were opened within 20 miles of Dongyang Creek in Zhouning (referring to Puyuan, Shicheng and Qibu) to process "lawsuit cloud tea". In 35-38 years of the Republic of China, in order to monopolize the distribution of "lawsuit tea", Zhou Ning tea merchant Lin paid a deposit in advance before the Spring Festival, and sent people to the producing area every spring to buy tea green at a price four yuan higher than other teas. Production and processing of "Lawsuit Yunwu Tea", transportation and sales of Fuzhou Sheikh Yuheng and other tea houses, and then sold overseas, each load is worth 1,204 yuan of gold, which is 20% to 40% higher than the price of Linxian tea. At that time, the famous villages rich in "Yunwu Tea" were "Jindutou, Yinjindeng, Tongtaoling and Tienakeng", calling Chashan "Jinshan Silver World" and tea trees "cash cows". During the tea-picking season, there are no idle people at home, the tea mountain is full of excitement and folk songs are singing. For example, "during the Qingming Festival, tea buds germinate, big boys and little girls go to the tea mountain, and the grass and trees pick up incense, and refined famous tea is exchanged for dragon fans."
In the 4th year of the Republic of China (19 15), the international tea market began to flourish. European and American tea merchants competed to buy refined green tea from Zhouning, and all tea merchants competed with foreigners to do tea business, which made rich profits and made all tea merchants rich. By the outbreak of World War I, European ports were blocked, tea exports were blocked and production was frustrated.
In the 27th year of the Republic of China (1938), in order to restore the development of tea production, the Fujian provincial government established the Tea Administration Bureau to manage the production and sales of tea in a unified way. The loan for each box of tea is RMB 15 yuan. Tea merchants buy "Lawsuit Yunwu Tea" for processing, blend refined tea, and transfer it to Hong Kong for sale, with considerable profits. In 28 years of the Republic of China, Fuzhou and Xiamen fell, the maritime traffic was blocked, the tea sales fell into a fiasco, and the tea garden was deserted. After War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's victory, tea shops raised funds to make tea, and Fujian Farmers Bank also issued refined tea loans. For the convenience of going out to buy tea, with the approval of the government of Zhoudun Special Zone, each teahouse printed a "silver ticket for a teahouse" with a face value of 1 yuan, which is the same as 1 yuan. When tea is exported, teahouses and tea farmers will exchange silver dollars and be honest and trustworthy.
In 36 years of the Republic of China, the tea market in Hong Kong improved and the black tea market flourished. The price of "lawsuit cloud tea" rose to more than 10 times that of rice, which benefited both tea merchants and farmers and promoted rural economic development. Governor Liu of Fujian awarded Chen Zongxun, the owner of Qibu village, a plaque of "Good deeds in one township" and hung Chen Ancestral Hall. Linxian "Kung Fu Tea" tea merchants want to buy "Lawsuit Cloud Tea" and transport it back to mix with local tea to improve the quality and price.
After the founding of New China, the people's government attached great importance to the development of tea production. Over the years, it has allocated special funds to support the reclamation and transformation of old tea gardens, open up new high-standard tea gardens and popularize new tea planting techniques. After the reform and opening up, with the efforts of colleagues in the tea industry, the famous "lawsuit cloud tea" was newly created in the province, and the area of tea garden increased greatly, and the commercial tea increased year by year.
Second, the unique variety of tea trees is the premise of forming the unique quality of "Lawsuit Yunwu Tea".
After the reform and opening up, our county organized tea science and technology personnel to purify, rejuvenate and breed local wild tea trees and vegetable teas, from which several kinds of vegetable teas were cultivated and popularized. The "Lawsuit Cloud Tea" made from it has excellent quality and has become a unique tea product in Fujian Province. In the early 1980s, people from neighboring counties introduced and bought tea seedlings to plant. They also hired tea technicians from our county to make tea, but the quality and flavor of the tea they made were not satisfactory, which could not meet the unique quality characteristics of similar tea in our county. In order to improve the quality and price, tea merchants in neighboring counties have to purchase "lawsuit cloud tea" and transport it back to match local tea. It can be seen that the tea varieties selected in our county are unique to our county and formed.
Thirdly, the processing technology of fine exploration is the key to form the quality of "litigation cloud tea"
1. Pick fresh leaves before and after Tomb-Sweeping Day, and choose sunny days to pick fresh leaves, with one leaf per bud or two leaves per bud as the standard, and ensure that the fresh leaves are not damaged or scalded, and keep the fresh leaves intact and uniform.
2, cool green cool green site requires cleanliness and hygiene, air circulation, avoid direct sunlight. Fresh leaves should be spread and cooled in time after returning to the factory, with the thickness of 15cm and the time of 6-8 hours, and the spreading and cooling process should be turned once every hour. When the fresh leaves spread out and the leaves contracted, the leaf quality changed from hard to soft, the leaf color changed from bright green to dark green, the green gas disappeared and the fragrance was revealed. It is appropriate to expand the leaves with water content of 70%.
3. Deactivation was carried out by using 6 CST-30 drum dehydrator. When the inlet temperature of the drum is 1500C and the outlet temperature of the drum is 1200C, the leaves are thrown out, the throwing amount is about 50 kg/h ... the water-removing time 1-2 min, the color of the leaves is dark green, the green gas disappears, the stems are fragrant, and the stems are constantly broken, and the handle is soft and firm, with a moisture content of 50. After the water lock leaves are removed from the machine, pay attention to spreading them out in time.
4. Knead with 6CR40 kneading machine, put 10 kg water-retaining leaves into each barrel, knead for 20min, master the pressure, press lightly for 3 min, press heavily for 5 min, press lightly for 5 min, and press lightly for 2 min until the twisted leaves curl into strips, and the tea juice overflows, and then get off the machine to dissolve the blocks.
5. Drying is divided into three procedures: frying the second green, frying the third green and drying the second green. Now, frying the second green is changed to baking the second green instead of frying it, that is, drying it on the dryer for drying green tea. Technically, the principle of high-temperature quick drying is adopted, and the temperature is controlled at1300 C. When the water content of tea reaches about 45%, it is discharged and spread for 30 min. Stir-fry Sanqing, using a 6CSP-60 bottle frying machine, the amount of leaves per time is 12kg, and the appropriate temperature is 900C C. Stir-fry until it is 70% dry, and then put it in a pot for 20 minutes. Finally, the drying process is the process of continuous shaping, color making, water loss and fragrance enhancement, that is, two pots and three green leaves are combined into one pot, and the temperature is controlled at 800℃ for a long time, until the dried tea strips are compact, round and smooth, the color is silver gray green, and the water content is 6%. When the temperature of tea leaves drops to normal temperature, the windmill takes out the tea leaves, screens them, and then bags them and stores them in cold storage or dry, cool and dark warehouses or places.
Fourth, the unique and excellent quality of "lawsuit cloud tea"
"Lawsuit Cloud Tea" is different from other green teas in its main features: compact shape, round and smooth, silvery gray-green, high and lasting internal aroma, like chestnut, sweet and refreshing taste, light green soup color, clear and bright, green leaves and soft symmetry.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) "lawsuit cloud tea" honor
According to the second series of "Feng Menglong in Shouning" (Shouning literature and history materials) (edited by1986/kloc-0 in June), a great writer in Ming Dynasty was appointed as the magistrate of Shouning County in Fujian on June 1638+0637, and he was full of praise for "lawsuit cloud tea". After the reform and opening-up, the newly created "Lawsuit Yunwu Tea" 1982 won the excellent prize in the evaluation meeting of famous tea in Ningde area in April, and won the bronze prize in the tea sample evaluation of 38 products produced by state-owned tea factories in 5 provinces 15 organized by the Ministry of Light Industry in September. June, 5438+October, 2002/KLOC-0 was awarded the International Famous Tea Gold Award by the Korean Tea People's Federation and the International Famous Tea Jury. In July 2007, he won the famous tea award at the famous tea appraisal meeting of Fujian Provincial Department of Agriculture; In June, 2008, it was listed as the protection and utilization object of excellent tea germplasm resources in Fujian Province, and won the gold medal of green tea and black tea in the 4th Wang Sai of Ningde City. Accumulated more than 20 awards at or above the provincial level; In 2003, a tea base and its products were certified as "organic tea"; In 2006, a tea base was certified as a 3000-mu pollution-free tea garden. At present, our county is applying to the Ministry of Agriculture to build a green food raw material (tea) base county.
At present, the area of tea in zhouning county has reached more than 7,000 hectares, the output is more than 7 120 tons, and the total value of commercial tea has reached 285 million yuan, mainly including fried green tea, snail tea, Kung Fu black tea and other products, which are exported to international markets such as Japan, Singapore, the European Union and domestic markets such as Beijing, Shanghai, Shandong, Hangzhou, Nanjing, Guangzhou, Shenzhen and Xiamen, and have become famous teas in Fujian Province.