1. Overall grasp

1. Perceive the old man's heroic character.

The old man’s heroic character is first manifested in his patriotic and anti-Japanese enthusiasm and his ever-growing spirit. The old man was nearly sixty years old. "There was not much meat in his body and he was as skinny as an old osprey." Ordinarily he should spend his remaining years in peace at the rear, but he was as energetic and fearless as a young man. Under the tight enemy blockade, he went out into the pond and became a heroic traffic officer with outstanding contributions. "The tanned face and short gray beard are particularly energetic, and the pair of deep-set eyes are particularly bright." This is the image of an old anti-Japanese hero. His patriotic enthusiasm was so high that "You can rely on me for everything" was his heroic saying. He was willing to do his best for the nation's war of resistance and was full of confidence. He was surprisingly brave. He traveled inside and outside, transported grain and grass, escorted cadres, and went in and out under the eyes of the enemy. He was "like a man who had nothing to do" and was in a leisurely mood, "making up things that would make him happy and others happy." This is not only because he is familiar with the geographical environment of Baiyangdian and has superb "water skills", but also because he has heroic spirit, despises the enemy and is fearless. The old man was able to break through the enemy's blockade and played an important role in the team's persistence in the struggle in Weitang.

The old man’s heroic character is also reflected in his strong feelings of love and hate. He was so affectionate towards his country, his compatriots, and the anti-Japanese troops, but he was full of hatred for the Japanese invaders. The old man loves his two children so much. This is his feeling for his compatriots. He said to Daling: "They injured you and shed so much blood. Tomorrow I will make ten of them bleed." He loved deeply and passionately, and hated so much that he gnashed his teeth. The blood debt must be repaid with blood, and he must ask the Japanese to use it. Ten times the blood to repay. In the old man's mind, we Chinese are the masters of Baiyangdian. He is full of affection for the hometown and full of hatred for the invaders.

The old man’s heroic character is also reflected in his overconfidence and self-esteem. He was confident that he was infallible. This time the girl was injured, and he felt "embarrassed" and "shameless in public". Such a need to save face contains a very strong sense of responsibility. He is so strict with himself that he is almost harsh. If he occasionally makes a mistake, he will be pierced by thousands of arrows in pain and feel ashamed of himself.

The old man’s heroic character is also reflected in his heroic behavior of both wisdom and courage. The old man used a penny to hit the heads of more than a dozen Japanese soldiers with his pennants. He had already tied sharp hooks to the dead wood piles, and placed a large bundle of fresh lotus pods on the bow of the boat to lure the Japanese into the water area of ??the dead wood piles, and let the hooks bite the Japanese so that they could not move and restrained them. After being beaten, the arrogant and arrogant Japanese became trapped animals one by one in front of him.

2． Going deeper, you can feel that the Chinese people are invincible and are a heroic people.

This novel mainly writes about an old hero. It also allows us to see the appearance of the heroic young man, and reminds us of the team that persisted in the resistance war in Weitang. From Weitang's singing, we can imagine that they are not afraid of hardships, are heroic and optimistic, and have high morale. Reading this novel, one can feel that in the anti-Japanese base areas behind enemy lines, men, women and children were mobilized. The heroic Chinese people are invincible.

3． Rich in character descriptions and environment descriptions.

The character description and environment description of this novel are very distinctive. The characters are vivid and somewhat legendary. For example, at the beginning of the article, the dangerous environment is described first, and then the old man’s achievements are written. At the end of the article, the old man’s determination is first written into unbelievable “big words”, and then his heroic behavior of unexpected victory is written. Stubborn personality, bizarre plot, and legendary taste.

The description of the environment is poetic and picturesque, full of the atmosphere of a water town, elegant and timeless.

2. Problem Research

1. Difficult exploration of character traits: How to understand the word "too" in the sentence "The old man is overconfident and self-respecting"?

"Too" means very much. The old man has very strong self-confidence and self-esteem. On the other hand, it does mean going too far. The reason why the older girl was injured is related to his overconfidence and lack of caution. The little girl was washing her face, and the older girl was a little more wary, but the old man said, "Don't be afraid, just wash it." There was a sound when washing her face. The old man thought that the searchlight on the small steamer could not see them, but in fact the searchlight illuminated the faces of the two girls as white as snow. These are all manifestations of his overconfidence to the point of paralysis.

"Overconfidence and self-esteem" are the core of the old man's character, and his merits and demerits all stem from this.

2． Research on the art of character description: How does this novel exaggerate the legendary color of the old hero?

The author uses strong contrast to exaggerate the legendary color of the old hero. On the one hand, the conditions were written. The enemy's surveillance and blockade were very tight. The old hero was nearly sixty years old, very thin, and did not carry a gun. On the other hand, write about the spirit and achievements of the old heroes. The spirit is so leisurely and contented, and extremely confident; the performance is to completely defeat the enemy's blockade and ensure that the team in the reed pond receives sufficient supplies. The huge contrast between the two aspects makes the old hero appear extraordinary and legendary.

The text focuses on a "heroic act", which is more legendary. The author mainly uses two methods to render it.

First, the girl’s suspicion is used as a contrast. There is a conversation description here. The old man said, "I will ask ten of them to bleed tomorrow," and later said, "Wait until dawn, and you will see." He was confident, but the girl repeatedly expressed doubts. At first, she did not answer, thinking that the old man was just saying something. Be ruthless, just talk, and then use the little girl's words to express doubt: "You are so old, how can you still fight?" Writing doubt has a foil effect and shows the wonder of the old man's heroic behavior.

Again, in the narrative process, only the facts are written, not the reasons, so that readers can recall the reasons and make the legend appear more intense. The old hero set a trap for the Japanese to get into. He tied the hook in advance, figured out how to use lotus pods to lure the devils, and mastered the patterns of the devils' activities. The author doesn't write about this. He only writes about the Japanese taking a bath. He writes about the old man putting a large bundle of lotus pods on the boat and just peeling off the lotus pods to eat. He also doesn't write about his intentions. He writes that the boat came towards the Japanese and then turned back in a circle. I don’t even mention why the old man’s boat rowed back and forth like this. In fact, it was to lure the Japanese into a trap. This meaning can only be understood after thinking about it. Entering the water with wooden piles, let’s not talk about the countless hooks on the piles. It is just that the boat is circling around the devils. The devils seem to be playing hide-and-seek. It is said below that the devils are spinning around like this, and every one of them is bitten by the hooks. When I finally understood it, the more I thought about it, the more legendary this heroic act became. A skinny old man, unarmed and alone, can play with more than a dozen Japs in the palm of his hand and kill them. He can really be said to be a legendary hero.

Exercise instructions

1. Read the full text, retell the plot, and discuss the following two questions.

1. The enemy closely monitors the reed pond, but "every evening, the singing in the reed pond is still so loud." What associations and imagination does this loud singing evoke in you? Can you think of other battle songs in literary and artistic works?

2． What content in the text shows the old man's "overconfidence and self-esteem" character? What role does this sentence play in the whole text?

This question requires an overall grasp of the text content through interpretation and retelling. In the first question, grasp a sentence, expand your imagination and association, and understand the meaning of the sentence. The second question grasps the core of the old man's thought and character and makes a detailed analysis. This question includes reading training, oral training, content discussion, imagination and association training.

1. Tip: You can use singing to imagine the emotions of soldiers, and imagine all aspects of soldiers and troops. Specifically, there are old heroes who continue to send firewood, rice, oil and salt, which provides strong support and sufficient supplies. The soldiers are strong and confident. When they rested in the evening, the soldiers sang loudly. The song is a heavy blow to the enemy.

Associate the battle songs in other literary and artistic works, and recall the literary and artistic works you have read in and outside of class. The answers are not necessarily consistent.

2． The old man's "overconfidence and self-esteem" character runs throughout the text. He said to the responsible comrade in Weitang: "You rely on me for everything, and I rely on your ability on the water. Everything is safe." This sentence fully demonstrated his "overconfidence and self-esteem."

It is very dangerous to pass through the enemy's blockade, but the old man "every night, on the water tightly blocked by the enemy, is like a man who has nothing to do. He goes out early in the morning and comes back late to fish and cast the net in a leisurely mood." He is sitting on the boat and planning things that will make him happy and others happy." Such leisurely contentment also fully reflects his "overconfidence and self-esteem."

Sending the two girls into the reed pond, the old man thought everything was safe and nothing would happen, so he could sleep peacefully.

The little girl washed her face, and the old man asked her to do so. Even when the Japanese's small steamer searchlight came, he was still "not afraid" and thought he "can't see us." When the Japanese fired machine guns, he was still "not afraid" and thought "he couldn't hit us." It has to be said that he was a little careless and overconfident. The older girl was injured and bleeding. The mission was not completed this time. He felt embarrassed and embarrassed to see others. He was too embarrassed to go see the troops. He was too proud.

The old man was determined to recover the blood debt for the eldest girl, so he gave the two girls a guarantee. He played with the devil between his palms and buttocks, luring the devil to take the bait, and then used his pole to beat the devil hard. He broke his head and gave the Japanese a bloody blow, recovering his blood debt and regaining his self-esteem. This heroic act showed that he was always very confident and self-respecting.

The phrase "overconfidence and self-esteem" points to the core of the old hero's character. This sentence means both being very confident and self-respecting, and it also means being overconfident and having too much self-esteem. The entire plot of the story and all the merits and demerits of the old hero are derived from this point.

2. There is a passage in the text that wonderfully describes the old man’s frustration, guilt, and self-blame for not completing the task satisfactorily. Please find this passage and understand it carefully, and then put the second part into the text. Tian Erling's psychological activities when he witnessed the old man's heroic behavior were supplemented.

This question guides students to read two excerpts, appreciate them carefully during reading, and expand their imagination during reading.

A passage describing the old man’s psychological activities is: “One sound after another is like a chain of arrows, piercing the old man’s heart. He cannot explain: how many rivers and seas have passed, why is the task not completed this time? I have no children, and these two children are so adorable! I usually boast, but this time I brought someone with a flower hanging in my mouth, so how can I open my mouth to speak? The old man is very confident and self-respecting. I have a very strong sense of responsibility and believe that I have fulfilled my responsibility only when I complete the task 100%. Listening to the injured older girl groaning in pain, and listening to the little girl's words, the old man was in extreme pain, "each sound was like a string of arrows, shooting through the old man's heart." He placed all the blame for the eldest girl's injury and bleeding on himself. He was extremely sad and guilty. He loved these two children so much. The children were injured and bleeding, and his heart was also injured and bleeding. He blamed himself strongly. He felt that the promise he made to the troops was in vain. He felt that his fault had brought great shame and humiliation to himself, making him embarrassed and shameless to see the troops. His strong self-esteem made him feel ashamed.

Erling witnessed the old man’s heroic behavior. She thought that what the old comrade said yesterday was not a cannon shot. She had really underestimated the old comrade. Even though he was so old, he was really an old hero! You Look at him, facing more than a dozen Japanese, he is not afraid. Unexpectedly, he was very resourceful. It turned out that he put a large bundle of lotus pods on the bow of the boat and peeled off the lotus pods to eat them, in order to lure the Japanese. His ability to sail a boat was amazing, as if he was leading the enemy by the nose. How could the Japanese dare not move while they were spinning around in the water? Why are there streams of blood coming out? Why did the Japanese bleed before the old comrades took action? There must be some mechanism set up underwater, he really has an idea. It turns out that he is really capable. Without a gun, he can deal with more than a dozen Japs by himself. The Japs can only be beaten and have no power to fight back. The old hero hit them well, hit them hard! Their heads were broken and bloody. Daling's revenge has been avenged. Go back and tell Daling, let her know the story of this hero, let her recover from her injuries as soon as possible, learn from the old heroes, and defeat the Japanese devils.

3. There are many picturesque descriptions of scenery in the text, such as "On a bright moonlit night...like a reed leaf, running to the southeast" and "The drooping moon, "Floating in the water-like sky" and so on, find and copy them down, appreciate them carefully, and then imitate a few sentences to describe the scenery of your hometown.

This question is about describing scenery. Sun Li's description of scenery is very distinctive. You can excerpt it and ponder it carefully. You can understand the brilliance of this description and improve your descriptive ability.

① At night, the enemy stared at the eerie and dark large reed pond from the small window of the turret. The stars in the sky seemed to be immersed in water and about to drip down. Only late at night like this can the sound of waterbirds flying and singing can be heard in the reed pond. During the day, they hid tightly in their nests to avoid gunfire. Wei Zi still drilled upwards so hard, the target seemed to be the sky.

② On a night when the moon is bright and the wind is clear, if people's eyes are sharper, they can see a small boat pushed out from the reed pond, running to the southeast like a reed leaf in the lake.

③The curved and drooping moon floats in the water-like sky.

④The moon has set, and there is some rustling wind in the reed pond after midnight.

⑤The next day, it was very hot at noon. On a red sun day, a layer of smoke floats on the water.

⑥There was not a single figure in the lake, only a group of white silk-like waterfowl, which also flew north away from the Japanese and landed under a big lotus leaf to rest.

⑦The water here is as flat as a mirror, as clear as the blue sky, and elongated water plants float gently on the bottom.

⑧There, fresh reed flowers and a piece of unfolded purple velvet are flying in the wind.

Teaching suggestions

1. Appreciate the legendary color of this heroic story.

The characteristic of this heroic story is its legendary color. Whether understanding the content or trying to figure out the writing, only by grasping this feature can you stimulate interest and understand thoroughly. Nearly sixty years old, it is time for retirement as usual, but our old hero is always here and there, passing through the Japanese blockade countless times, ensuring the supply of the troops in Weitang and ensuring the combat effectiveness of the troops. This is legendary. Unarmed and alone, the old hero beat more than a dozen Japanese to a bloody pulp. This is even more legendary. The introduction for teaching reading can be designed based on the "legend".

2. Pay attention to the description of the scenery.

Let students find sentences describing scenery, carefully consider one or two example sentences, and understand the beauty of this kind of description. For example, a sentence about reeds: "The reeds are still drilling upwards so hard, and the target seems to be the sky." You can think about two questions: Why do you write about reeds growing tall? How to describe the height of reeds? By pondering in this way, you can understand when and how to describe the scenery.

Relevant information

1. Introduction to the author (Guo Zhigang)

Sun Li, a modern novelist and essayist. A native of Anping County, Hebei Province. Born on April 6, 1913. When he was in primary school in Anguo County at the age of 12, he began to come into contact with the May Fourth New Literature. Lu Xun and the Literary Research Society had a great influence on him. He has always believed that art is life. Sun Li was admitted to Baoding Yude Middle School at the age of 14. During his studies, he began to read theoretical works on social sciences, literature and art, and some Soviet literary works, which expanded his horizons and laid a good foundation for his later creations and comments. After graduating from high school, he was unable to further his education, so he wandered in Peiping, studying in libraries or attending universities. He once published articles in Ta Kung Pao under the pseudonym "Yun Fu". He also worked as a clerk in municipal agencies and primary schools. After the summer vacation of 1936, Sun Li went to teach in a primary school in Anxin County, Hebei Province. Here he gained a preliminary understanding of the lives of the people in Baiyangdian area. After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War in 1937, he mainly engaged in revolutionary cultural work in Jizhong District under the leadership of the Communist Party of China. He compiled and published the revolutionary poem "Song of Haiyan", and published it in "Red Star" magazine and "Jizhong Herald" The supplement has published papers such as "On Realistic Literature" and "On Lu Xun". In the autumn of 1938, he taught at the Anti-Japanese War College run by Jizhong District. In the spring of 1939, he was transferred to Fuping and worked in the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei News Agency. After that, he worked as an editor and teacher in the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Federation of Literary and Art Circles, the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Daily, and the North China Associated University, while also engaging in literary creation. In 1941, he returned to Jizhong District to participate in editing the large-scale reportage collection "Jizhong One Day", and wrote the "Literary Writing Textbook for Districts, Villages and Companies" (later renamed "Introduction to Writing" and "Literary Learning", and reprinted many times) . In 1944, he went to Yan'an to work and study at Lu Xun Academy of Arts and Letters. In Yan'an, he published works such as "Lotus Lake" and "Luhua Dang", which attracted the attention of the literary and art circles with his fresh artistic style. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War in 1945, he returned to the rural areas of central Hebei and engaged in writing until liberation. During this period, he participated in the land reform work and wrote short stories such as "The Bell", "The Tablet" and "Instructions" and some essays.

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Sun Li worked in "Tianjin Daily" while continuing literary creation.

The novel "The First Records of the Storm" was written in the early 1950s. It is set in two villages along the Hutuo River and revolves around the life history of five families named Gao, Wu, Tian and Jiang in the early days of the Anti-Japanese War. It details the various villages in the central Hebei Plain. The living conditions and mental outlook of the social classes show the magnificent picture of the people of central Hebei organizing people's armed forces and establishing anti-Japanese base areas under the leadership of the Communist Party of China after the July 7th Incident. The author describes the vicissitudes of the anti-Japanese base areas in a calm and relaxed manner, and although his words are humorous, they are not frivolous. The novella "The Prequel of Ironwood" was written in 1956. The novel reveals the life style of the northern rural areas in the early 1950s and the profound impact of the agricultural cooperative movement on rural society through the establishment and breakdown of friendship between the iron (smith) and the carpenter (carpenter) families for more than ten years. The work successfully portrays Xiao Man'er, a character with contradictory personality who is at a crossroads in life, leaving a deep impression on readers. After 1956, the author stopped writing for a long time due to illness, but he used the supplement "Literary Weekly" of "Tianjin Daily" as a basis to discover and cultivate many young writers. During this period, he also wrote a collection of essays "Jinmen Xiaoji" and a collection of essays "Short Essays on Literature".

The collection of Sun Li's creations before and during the early years of liberation is "Baiyangdian Chronicle" (1958), which is the author's most famous collection of novels and essays that best represents his creative style. It mainly reflects the War of Resistance Against Japan, the War of Liberation and the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China. The people in the central Hebei Plain and the mountainous areas of western Hebei carried out war, land reform, labor production, mutual assistance and cooperation under the leadership of the Communist Party of China. Life scenes that change customs. The work outlines the historical customs of the era and society from many aspects. With its bright and smooth writing style, elegant and meaningful style and rich vivid images of workers, the work has aroused strong responses among readers. Among them, works such as "Lotus Lake" have become widely circulated famous works. The literary and art circles even regard it as the symbol of a style of modern literature and the main representative work of the "Lotus Lake School".

After 1977, the author mainly wrote essays and reviews, as well as a small number of novels. The collections successively include "Wanhua Collection" (1979), "Xiulu Collection", "Danding Collection" and "Gengtang Miscellaneous Records" "(both 1981), "Chize Collection" (1982), etc. In 1982, the author compiled most of the works he could collect since he started his literary career into 5 volumes of "Collected Works of Sun Li" (divided into 7 volumes).

(Volume 2 of "Encyclopedia of China·Chinese Literature", 1986 edition of Encyclopedia of China Press)

3. Appreciation of "Luhuadang": Scenery changes with emotion. Xiang Sheng (Lin Huanbiao, Lu Sifei)

"Luhuadang" writes about people and events in a cruel war environment, but it is by no means "miserable, miserable, and sad". The girl's moans after being injured were also carried away with a single stroke. What the work wants to convey in a high-spirited and profound way is a firm belief and optimism to defeat the enemy. Even under the cruel background of war, the author still describes the beautiful scenery of Baiyangdian in a calm and calm manner, and carefully carves the statue of the people's soul in Baiyangdian.

Here, we focus on the description of scenery in Sun Li's works. We know that the description of scenery in novels must be consistent with the environment and the characters' mood, and avoid describing scenery in a loose manner. The description of the scenery in "Luhuadang" is in harmony with the war environment and the characters' mood. It not only exaggerates the atmosphere of the story, but also adds a poetic and picturesque atmosphere of battle to the work, forming an artistic realm of blending scenes and improving the appeal of the work.

At the beginning of the novel, there is an exquisite description of the scenery:

At night, the enemy stared blankly at the eerie and dark large reed pond from the small window of the turret, and the stars in the sky also It looks like it's immersed in water and about to drip. Only late at night like this can the sound of waterbirds flying and singing can be heard in the reed pond. During the day, they hid tightly in their nests to avoid gunfire. Wei Zi still drilled upwards so hard, the target seemed to be the sky.

The "enemy" and "turret" light up the atmosphere of the environment, and "the stars also seem to be immersed in the water" and "look like they are about to drip down", exaggerating the crystal clear water and the stars. Reflected in the lake water, the gentle breeze stirs up layers of ripples, causing the stars to flicker, thus giving people the illusion of "dropping down". Such a beautiful natural environment is so pleasing to the eye! However, the enemy has occupied a large area of ??our land. Around this beautiful reed pond, the enemy's artillery towers stand in clusters, blocking and monitoring this revolutionary base area.

During the day, there is total silence here, and even the water birds "tightly hide in their nests for shelter." Only late at night can you hear their "flying and singing sounds." What clear feelings of love and hate are revealed between the lines! Next, "Wei Zi still drills up so hard" highlights the Baiyangdian people's tenacious survival attitude in the cruel war environment, full of will and strength. This description of the scenery is full of real life, leading readers into a specific environment and atmosphere, and naturally becomes the foreshadowing of the subsequent story. Artistically, it blends emotions into the scenery, embodying the author's deep feelings.

The novel describes the process of two girls growing up in the revolutionary ranks, and also intersperses many scene descriptions:

These are girls in Jizhong District, the oldest is only fifteen , the youngest is only thirteen. They marched on the road in their hometown, looking at the Big Dipper in the horizon. They looked at the yellow shoots of wheat in early summer and the sorghum drying rice in Mid-Autumn. The geese flew south above their heads, and soon flew north again. They have grown up.

How the girls’ gradual growth is described is full of life charm. The natural maturity of crops and the flight of wild geese from south to north are poetic metaphors for the passage of time. On the road of life, because "looking at the Big Dipper in the horizon", you will never lose your way. "Beidou" is not only a real scenery, because it is under the blockade of the enemy, so it is mostly a night march, but at the same time, it is also a metaphor: the glorious guidance of the party.

As for the description of reed flowers at the end of the novel, on the surface, it seems to be divorced from the specific struggle environment-that desperate battle with the enemy. In fact, this is not the case. Careful readers will Notice that this was the feeling the old man had when he "looked towards the reed pond" while he was "beating hard" the heads of the Japanese who had hung the hook and killing them. As the saying goes, "Scenery changes with emotion." The battle to relieve hatred will inevitably sprout a relaxed and happy mood in the heart. In this situation, the fresh reeds will naturally appear extraordinarily beautiful in the eyes of the old man.

It can be seen from the description of the scenery in this novel that the scenery in Sun Li's works is not simply an ornament, but contains profound meaning. In his novels, descriptions of scenery play the role of coloring the environment, highlighting the spiritual realm of the characters, and strengthening the lyrical charm. Therefore, they are by no means a few free pearls, but the crystallization of the inner temperament of the work.

(Selected from "Appreciation of Sun Li's Works", Guangxi People's Publishing House, 1984 edition)

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