A: The Ministry of Monetary and Foreign Exchange Affairs of the International Monetary Fund suggests that the loan amount of banks and financial institutions around the world to a single borrower should be less than or equal to 25% of the total bank capital; The EU stipulates that the loan amount of banks and financial institutions in the EU to a single borrower shall not exceed 25% of the total bank capital; The federal government of the United States stipulates that the loan amount of a national bank to a single borrower shall not exceed 25% of the total bank capital; The regulations of financial regulators in different States are different, but they are all within the range of 12%-25%; China and Hongkong require that a bank's single loan to any one customer should not exceed 25% of the total capital.

The Basel Core Principles define "related party" as "the same borrower or a group of related borrowers" and require that "the loan of a bank or banking group to the same borrower or a group of related borrowers shall not exceed 25% of its capital, and the loan exceeding a certain proportion (such as 65,438+00% of its capital) shall be notified to the regulatory authorities." According to American law, "the same borrower or a group of related borrowers" has two meanings: (1) Two or more borrowers engaged in the same investment or business activities are regarded as the same borrower; (2) If the borrower's loan can directly benefit a third party, the borrower and the third party are regarded as the same borrower; The federal government of the United States stipulates that banks and financial institutions shall not provide preferential loans to related parties, and a single loan to related parties shall not exceed 15% of their capital, and the total amount of loans to related parties shall not exceed their total capital. The Ministry of Monetary and Foreign Exchange Affairs of the International Monetary Fund suggests that banks and financial institutions in various countries should not provide preferential loans to related parties, and a single loan to related parties should not exceed 65,438+05%-25% of their capital, and the total amount of loans to related parties should not exceed their total capital. According to EU regulations, banks and financial institutions in EU countries should not lend more than 20% of their capital to related parties.

The definition of related party and the provisions of loan amount in China and Hongkong laws are divided into two situations: the first situation is that two or more companies are subsidiaries of the same holding company or the controller is the same person, and these two or more companies are regarded as related parties; The total amount of loans to the above related parties shall not exceed 25% of the Bank's capital. In the second case, directors, relatives of directors, members of bank credit committees and their relatives, controllers or minority shareholders; The total amount of a single unsecured loan provided to the above-mentioned related parties and the companies controlled by them shall not exceed HK$ 654.38 million or 5% of the Bank's capital; The total unsecured loans provided to all related parties and companies controlled by them shall not exceed 10% of the Bank's capital.