2. The coal category is complete, with excellent coal quality and excellent natural conditions for development.
According to China's national coal classification standard 1986, there are 14 brands of coal in Shanxi, among which Datong's thermal coal, Yangquan's anthracite, Jincheng's rare coking coal, Liu Li and Xiangning have large reserves and a long history of development, especially since the reform and opening up, which have created excellent brand effects in the market; The coal-forming period in Shanxi is mainly in Paleozoic, and the main coal-bearing strata are Carboniferous, Permian and Jurassic. Part of it is level 3; At present, the average buried depth of developed coal is 300-500 m, and the geological structure in most areas with good mining conditions is relatively simple. Excellent coal quality, mostly low sulfur, low ash and high calorific value.
Second, the external conditions for coal development are superior.
China's energy structure is dominated by coal, which accounts for 75% of the primary energy production or consumption structure. From 1980s to 1990s, the country carried out the strategic decision of "strengthening the east and moving to the west" in the development of coal, and established the strategic position of a national energy base centered on Shanxi, which became the most convenient coal for developed provinces and regions with rapid economic development in the country since the new period. Shanxi produces 350 million tons of raw coal every year, accounting for more than a quarter of the national total. Transfer to 26 provinces and cities nationwide, with a transfer volume of 230 million tons, accounting for 80% of the total trans-provincial coal transfer in China. The supply of coal exports/kloc-0.7 million tons, exported to more than 20 countries and regions, accounting for 70% of the country, is the main foreign exchange earning commodity in Shanxi. After more than 50 years of construction, Shanxi has formed a large number of teams engaged in coal scientific research, survey and design, production, management and marketing; There are 9 railway trunk lines outside the province, with about 220 coal substitute stations, with an annual transportation capacity of more than 250 million, of which: Jinbei 12 is a supporting large coal container station of 2 million tons and above, with a centralized storage and transportation capacity of 47.5 million tons, attracting 12 counties (districts); There are more than 50 coal-tar highways outside the province, with an annual transportation capacity of 35 million t; The geographical location is moderate, with an average distance of 400-600 km from coastal provinces; Shanxi is also one of the largest power bases in China, and the development of coal industry has reliable power guarantee.
Third, the development status of Shanxi coal
Since the founding of New China, especially since the reform and opening up, Shanxi's coal industry has developed by leaps and bounds. State-owned key coal mines have formed 10 large-scale or larger coal production bases, that is, eight bureaus and two companies. Relying on the advantages of policies and resources, local coal mines have fully mobilized the enthusiasm of governments at all levels and farmers to run mines. After the sixth five-year plan period, the state implemented the policy of "fast water flow" to solve the energy crisis, and thus made great progress.
At present, Shanxi coal industry has formed a certain scale, focusing on coal development, developing diversified businesses and establishing the tertiary industry around the comprehensive processing and utilization of coal and its associated resources. The development of coal economy has become the leading industry and pillar industry of Shanxi economy. The original value of assets accounts for 36.8% of the original value of industrial fixed assets in the province, the added value accounts for 37% of the added value created by industrial departments in the province, and the realized profits and taxes account for 37.4% of the total profits and taxes of industrial enterprises in the province. If all kinds of policy-related special funds related to coal are counted together, the income of coal industry accounts for more than 50% of the available financial resources of the province, which not only supports the construction of other provinces, but also promotes the pace of revitalizing Shanxi and enriching the people.
As an integral part of the coal industry in our province, township coal mines have formed a production scale of nearly 200 million tons after years of development, making indelible contributions to the economic construction of our province. However, while objectively evaluating the position and role of township coal mines in the coal industry of our province, we should also see the negative impact brought by the rapid development of township coal mines. Looking back on the historical process of the development of township coal mines in our province, it has mainly gone through three stages: starting, development and rectification:
First, the initial stage of township coal mines
During the period of 1950- 1952 after the founding of New China, the Shanxi Provincial People's Government rectified the public and private coal mines in the province according to three laws and regulations promulgated by the State Council, namely, Interim Measures for the Administration of Public and Private Coal Mines, Key Points for the Administration of Safe Production in Public and Private Coal Mines, Interim Measures for the Administration of Earth Mines and Provisional Regulations of People's Republic of China (PRC). 1957 On September 2nd, according to the "Instructions on Developing Small Coal Mines" of the State Council, the provincial government made a decision to "relax the management of small coal mines, solve the people's difficulties in burning coal, and develop industrial and sideline production". Since then, small coal mines in our province have begun to develop.
Second, the development stage of township coal mines
1958 In May, the basic construction of Shanxi's coal industry implemented the policy of "the central and local governments hold mines side by side, commune teams hold local state-owned mines and collective mines, and commune teams hold large mines and small and medium-sized mines". By the end of the third five-year plan, the enthusiasm of collective mines was mobilized, and more than 3,000 small coal mines were built in the province. Since then, due to the interference of the "Cultural Revolution", the construction of Shedui coal mine has been affected to some extent. From 65438 to 0978, after the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee listed Shanxi as an energy and heavy chemical base, and the construction of large, medium and small coal mines in the province developed rapidly. By the end of 1980, there were 1066 new shedui coal mines in the province. The main distribution is: Taiyuan 39, Datong 65, Yangquan 24, Changzhi 4, Yanbei 92, Jinzhong 194, Xinzhou 93, Lvliang 73, Southeast Shanxi 265, Linfen 198 and Yuncheng 19. Its construction funds mainly rely on the self-financing of the commune and brigade, and a small amount is solved by short-term loans from the Agricultural Bank. The scale of a single well is generally around 1 10,000 tons/year, with some reaching 30,000-50,000 tons/year and a few reaching 90,000 tons/year.
1981-1985, the name of township coal mine evolved from the original Shedui coal mine. During this period, according to the requirements of Shanxi energy and heavy chemical industry base construction planning, the policy of "support, rectification, transformation and joint venture" was implemented to carry out mine reconstruction and expansion. According to the loan plan issued by the Provincial Planning Commission, China Construction Bank issued loans at the interest rate of 1.8%. The insufficient part is solved by the mining unit itself or through the loan of the Agricultural Bank. This is the first time in the history of rural coal mine construction in our province to use the loan arranged by the state. Since 198 1 year, 146 has been included in the reconstruction and expansion plan of the mine, with a designed net increase capacity of174.75 million tons/year and a total investment of 432.3 million yuan. By the end of 1985, the actual loan was 274.3 million yuan, 46 pairs of mines were built and put into operation, with a net increase of 4.89 million tons/year, and the completed investment was/kloc-0.44 billion yuan, accounting for 38% of the funds of the projects that have been issued and started; 23. Before the mine stopped production due to lack of funds, * * * invested 1 1.45 million yuan, accounting for 4.2% of the issued capital; The remaining 77 pairs of mines were completed and put into operation.
Township coal mines were rectified during the "Sixth Five-Year Plan" period, and some mines with large single wells reformed their coal mining methods. By 1983, of the 2787 township coal mines in the province, 230 have reformed their coal mining methods. There are 20 regular working faces such as single long wall, cutter post and short wall, among which 10 working face uses metal friction post, and the average output is 4093 tons/month, which is 66% higher than that of the old working face. In 1980s, under the guidance of the policy of "fast water flow" and the shortage of national energy supply, the rapid development of township coal mines in this province was stimulated. By 1997, the township coal mines in the whole province had developed to 8 1 13, and the mine production capacity exceeded 200 million tons, and the coal output reached1540,000 tons that year.
Third, the township coal mine rectification stage?
1998110/0 After the State Council asked the national coal industry to close illegal and unreasonable coal mines, our province paid close attention to implementation. 1998 banned 1453 privately opened coal mines, reducing production capacity by 26.79 million tons; 1999, 565 coal mines with unreasonable layout were closed, reducing the production capacity by 43.99 million tons; In 2000, the unreasonable coal mine 1033 was closed, reducing the production capacity 1 1 10,000 tons; 200 1 year, closing unreasonable township coal mines 1034 (including small mines 139 and Fuxing small coal mines 65), and reducing production capacity by 8.02 million tons; In 2002, according to the requirements of the state, our province organized a special rectification of coal mine safety, and all township coal mines in the province stopped production for rectification, and resumed production was accepted according to the standards stipulated by the state. The province closed 909 small coal mines that failed to pass the acceptance of resumption of production, with a total of 5,929 closed. A batch of backward production capacity was eliminated.
By the end of May, 2003, 4 127 township coal mines had been approved to resume production. Among them, there are 342 mines below 30,000 tons, 30,000-60,000-ton mines 1.353, 926 mines above 60,000 tons and 275 mines above 6.5438+0.5 million tons, on September 27, 2003.
Coking coal: Coking coal is the main coking coal with moderate metamorphism and the best coking cohesiveness. The coke produced by Shanxi Coking Coal is a treasure in coking coal because of its large volume, few cracks, high compressive strength and good wear resistance. Coke, tar and coke oven gas can be obtained from coking coal. Besides smelting, coke can also make gas and calcium carbide. Tar and coke oven gas can be used as fuels, and dozens of chemical products can be refined. Lishi, Liulin and Xiangning mining areas in the south-central part of Hedong coalfield in Shanxi belong to low-sulfur and low-ash main coking coal. The coke produced is high quality coke, which is listed as the focus of the whole process.
Fat coal: Fat coal is a kind of coking coal. There are many transverse cracks in the coke produced by fat coal, and the root of coke is full of bee coke, which is fragile. Fat coal has a strong cohesive force and can be mixed with coal with weak cohesive force to produce high-quality coal, which is called the mother of coking coal blending. Due to the scarcity of this kind of fat coal, it only accounts for 5% of the proven coal resources in China, while Shanxi's proven fat coal reserves account for about 50% of the country, mainly distributed in Huoxian mining area, Sanjiao mining area and Gujiao mining area.
Anthracite: Anthracite is a highly metamorphic coal with the characteristics of hardness and strong luster. Long burning time and strong firepower. Anthracite is mainly used in chemical fertilizer and chemical production. Yangquan anthracite has grindability and is an ideal fuel for blast furnace injection. Anthracite in Jincheng and Yangcheng is called blue charcoal at home and abroad. Shanxi anthracite resources have large reserves and good quality, ranking first in the country.
Lean coal: Lean coal is the blended coal in coking coal. The performance is similar to coking coal. Lean coal coke is large and has few cracks, but its fusibility and wear resistance are poor. It can be used not only for coking coal blending, but also for power coal such as gasification and power generation. Shanxi Qinshui Coalfield, Xishan Coalfield, Huoxian Coalfield and Hedong Coalfield are rich in poor coal resources.
Weakly bonded coal: Weakly bonded coal is surplus coal between coking coal and non-coking coal, which is mainly used for gasification, fuel and coal blending. Datong mining area is rich in low sulfur, low ash, low phosphorus and weak caking coal, which is the largest high-quality thermal coal base in China.
Gas coal: Gas coal is a kind of coking coal with low caking property. Mainly used for coal blending and coking. Gas coal coke is easy to push coke, with high gas production rate and high recovery rate of coking products, but its disadvantages are many longitudinal stripes, slender and fragile, and gas coal can be used alone in chemical industry. Shanxi is rich in gas coal resources, accounting for more than 63% of coking coal.
Brown coal: Brown coal is metamorphic coal, and rotten wood contains primary humic acid. Its main characteristics are high water content, low specific gravity and low heat, and it can be used to prepare chemical products such as activated carbon, coal sulfide, montan wax, humic acid and ammonium humate fertilizer.
Long-flame coal: Long-flame coal is the lowest metamorphic coal, which is mainly used as fuel and does not agglomerate or coke. The low-temperature mainstream can produce semi-coke, coal gas and tar, and after gasification, it can produce synthetic ammonia.
Lean coal: Lean coal is the bituminous coal with the highest metamorphic degree and has no caking property. When burning, the flame is short and lasts for a long time. Mainly used as power coal, but also as raw materials for synthetic ammonia and gas fuel. Rich and poor coal resources in Xishan, Yangquan, Heshun and Shouyang mining areas of Taiyuan.
Shanxi is the largest coal production, transportation and export province in China, and also the base of energy and heavy chemical industry. Coal resources have unique advantages, such as large reserves, wide distribution, complete varieties, excellent quality and easy exploitation. At present, the accumulated proven coal reserves are 26665438+800 million tons, and the retained reserves are 25865438+800 million tons. Among them, the coking coal reserves are 65.438+0.495 billion tons, accounting for 58.6438+0% of the whole province; Non-coking coal reserves103.3 billion tons, accounting for 40.1%of the whole province; Other coal reserves are about 4.6 billion tons, accounting for 1.8% of the whole province.
The province's coal-bearing area is 64,800 square kilometers, accounting for about 40% of the province's total land area. Mainly distributed in Datong, Ningwu, Hedong, Xishan, Qinshui, Huoxi coalfields and Hunyuan, Fan Shi, Wutai, Yuanqu, Ruicheng and Pinglu, with coal resources distributed in 94 counties (urban areas).
There are 9 kinds of coal, namely gas coal, fat coal, coking coal, lean coal, anthracite coal, lean coal, long flame coal, weakly caking coal and lignite. Shanxi coal has the characteristics of "three lows, two highs and one strong", that is, low sulfur, low ash, low phosphorus, high calorific value, high volatility and strong cohesiveness.
Weak caking coal in Datong coalfield is famous at home and abroad for its low sulfur, low ash and high calorific value. The main coking coal with low sulfur and low ash in Lishi, Liulin and Xiangning mining areas of Hedong coalfield is known as "fine powder" in coal. The "blue charcoal" in Jincheng mining area of Qinshui coalfield is even more famous.