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1. Finance is the general term for monetary financing. Mainly refers to all kinds of activities related to currency circulation and bank credit. The main contents include: the issuance, delivery, circulation and withdrawal of money; The absorption and withdrawal of various deposits; Issuance and recovery of various loans; Bank accounting, cashier, transfer, settlement, insurance, investment, trust, leasing, exchange, discount, mortgage, securities trading and international trade and non-trade settlement, gold and silver trading, export, import, etc.
2.Finance (finance) includes the issuance and withdrawal of money, the absorption and payment of deposits, the issuance and recovery of loans, the trading of gold, silver and foreign exchange, the issuance and transfer of securities, insurance, trust, domestic and foreign currency settlement, etc.
3. Institutions engaged in financial activities mainly include banks, trust and investment companies, insurance companies, securities companies, investment funds, credit cooperatives, finance companies, financial asset management companies, postal savings institutions, financial leasing companies, securities, gold and silver, and foreign exchange exchanges.
4. Finance is an economic category formed after the emergence of credit currency, and it and credit are two different concepts:
(1) Finance does not include loans in kind, especially the financing of monetary funds (narrow finance). People not only borrow money for financing, but also issue stocks for financing.
(2) Credit refers to the borrowing of all currencies, and finance (in a narrow sense) refers to the financing of credit currency. The reason why people want to create a new concept other than "credit" to refer to the financing of credit currency is to summarize a new economic phenomenon; The two economic processes of credit and currency circulation have been closely combined. Bank credit can create and reduce money, which is the most obvious financial feature. Bank credit is considered as the core of finance.
5. Looking further at the existing definition of "finance", we can find that these different expressions of "finance" can be roughly divided into "financial intermediary", "financial resources", "financial industry", "financial instruments" and "financial media" according to their perspectives and priorities. The influence is the most profound, and the definitions of finance in dictionaries and textbooks basically come from this. Other main viewpoints mainly focus on academic research in recent years, while others are basically extensions or expansions based on the "financial intermediation theory".
6. Loan is a form of credit activity in which banks or other financial institutions lend monetary funds at a certain interest rate and must return them. Loans in a broad sense refer to loans, discounts, overdrafts and other borrowing funds. Banks put concentrated money and monetary funds out through loans, which can meet the needs of social expansion and reproduction and promote economic development. At the same time, banks can also obtain loan interest income and increase their own accumulation.