Five pieces of internship experience of financial management major. One
Graduation practice is the most realistic simulation experiment for college students before they go to society after completing all the courses. For our students majoring in financial management, they usually pay attention to theoretical study and lack practical exercise, so internship is particularly important. After the final exam, the teacher of management department led our junior students majoring in financial management to practice. The purpose of this practical practice is to improve our practical application level through a series of practical training, such as writing accounting entries, filling in various vouchers, bookkeeping, statements, etc., so that we can really practice the basic procedures and specific methods of financial accounting, and then strengthen our understanding of the professional theoretical knowledge we have learned before, improve our practical ability and improve the level of using basic accounting skills. In this internship, we adhere to the principle of hands-on, and systematically master the accounting skills and methods of filling in and reviewing original vouchers and accounting vouchers, registering account books and preparing statements. Moreover, we have a more systematic and complete understanding of the theory we have learned. Through this internship, we have combined accounting theory with accounting practice and gained a lot.
first, solid theoretical knowledge is the premise.
before the internship, we always thought that after three years of study, our knowledge of accounting theory had been solid, so long as we mastered the rules, there would be no problem. However, during the internship, we found that what we usually learn is far from enough, and there are many mistakes in details. In addition, according to the relevant internship data, we are often blocked in filling in the original vouchers, keeping accounts, and compiling various accounts. Recalling the reasons, most of them are because the theoretical knowledge is not solid at ordinary times and cannot stand the test of actual combat. This is also an important lesson we have learned during this internship.
second, integrating theory with practice is the key.
Through this internship, we also found that it is far from enough for us to have skilled theoretical knowledge. As we have studied for such a long time, we can say that we have basically mastered the basic professional knowledge, basic theory, basic methods and structural system of accounting. However, it is still very difficult in this internship, which is because we realize that if accounting theory leaves the practice process, it will be zero, and the practical operation and practicality are very important for accountants. Leaving the practice link theory is just an armchair strategist.
third, enough patience and care are the guarantee.
Accounting is a tedious job, which we deeply realized during this internship. In the beginning of the internship process, I was bored and bored with the boring accounts and figures all day, so that simply filling in vouchers and bookkeeping would be unfair. The more mistakes you make, the more impetuous you are, and the more mistakes you make, forming a vicious circle. Later, after we realized this deficiency, we filled in carefully, which not only accelerated the speed, but also improved the efficiency, and played a multiplier effect. Therefore, in accounting work, we should avoid being careless, careless and impetuous. In fact, doing everything is the same, and you need to have a normal heart.
Through this internship, my practical ability has been enhanced. My attitude towards my own behavior has also improved. Only one month's internship at school will benefit me for life
The internship experience of financial management major is 5 articles. 2
The one-week financial management training is over, and this week's internship makes me deeply feel the great difference between theory and practice. I thought I had learned the course of financial management well, but when I simulated it in a real working environment, I felt powerless. A lot of data, business and analysis are totally unexpected. Although some of them can be solved by using the theoretical knowledge learned, they are not as simple and smooth as imagined in many cases. The whole training includes the following parts:
1. Financial analysis report: In the financial analysis report, it includes three aspects: horizontal analysis, vertical analysis and financial efficiency index analysis. Horizontal analysis is to analyze the historical data of statements for two consecutive years, compare the horizontal data, and analyze the changes of enterprise management through the difference amount and difference rate. Vertical analysis is to analyze the historical data of statements for two consecutive years, see the influence of each project on total assets through vertical relative indicators, and then compare the differences between the two years' data through the differences to get the differences and trends of enterprise operating conditions. Financial efficiency indicators, through the analysis of the solvency, operational capacity, profitability and growth capacity of the enterprise for two years, get the ability of the enterprise in all aspects. Although there are some misunderstandings in these indicators, we can also learn a lot about the actual situation of the enterprise to a certain extent.
2. Budget statement: Budget statement is a part of comprehensive budget management. According to the empirical data (sales volume and unit price), the total sales amount is calculated first, and the first plan is estimated. Then, with the idea of determining production by sales, the inventory is thrown out, the production quantity and the quantity to be purchased are calculated, and the expense schedule is obtained; Then calculate the estimated direct labor, estimated manufacturing cost, estimated sales and management cost in turn, so as to fill in the cash budget table. Through the above work, we can calculate the expected balance sheet and income statement.
3. Fund raising management: According to the requirements of experimental data, we can fill in the repayment schedule according to the estimated loan and repayment amount and time of the enterprise: the total demand for funds minus profit retention and depreciation (non-cash cost) will require external financing, just as the company borrows from the bank.
4. Financial feasibility analysis report of investment: This report assumes that the enterprise will invest in a new production line and gain profits from production and operation in the next five years. Similarly, we use the idea of sales and fixed production, first estimate the cash income estimate table according to the sales volume, then estimate the direct materials, direct labor, manufacturing expenses, sales and management expenses, and then get the cash flow estimate table. Finally, according to the above data, we can calculate the financial indicators such as net present value, profit index, internal rate of return and investment payback period. Then through the data of these financial indicators, it is analyzed whether this investment is feasible.
in my opinion, the first part must accurately grasp the whole trend from the overall situation, and finally find out the factors that lead to the change through careful analysis layer by layer. For example, the company's liabilities at the end of the period increased by 14.94% compared with the beginning, mainly due to the increase of current liabilities, and its increase was due to the sharp increase in short-term loans. Only in this way can we improve it pertinently. Besides, I found that I was not proficient in the basic methods and skills of enterprise financial statement analysis. Like DuPont analysis, the improved DuPont analysis is not clear, so I feel very vague about the numbers in the process of doing it, and I am not fully sure. The second part is not difficult. The most important thing is to be careful and patient. Although there is a lot of the same repetitive work in financial management, there is no room for carelessness, because a small mistake will also cause great financial losses.
Through this internship, we not only got familiar with the knowledge and problems involved in financial management, but also mastered how to use modern computer-aided tools to analyze and calculate the problems encountered, laying a good foundation for practical work. While achieving practical results, I also found some shortcomings in my internship. Summed up the following points: Although we only participated in the internship for a short week, we learned a lot of knowledge that we could not learn in class and benefited a lot. In financial management, it is far from enough to just learn knowledge from books, and work experience is extremely important. All kinds of problems in the actual work process can not be answered by books, it needs flexible application ability and applies what you have learned to practice. It can be said that learning without practice is very narrow and is not conducive to financial management. Secondly, as a future person, we should have a strict working attitude. Financial management is a very precise job, which requires accurate accounting of every index, remembering every tax law and using every formula correctly. Furthermore, we should have a hard-working spirit, a peaceful mind and a positive mind to deal with daily problems in interpersonal communication.
5 articles on the internship experience of financial management major
1. Purpose and significance of the internship of financial management major
With the rapid development of internationalization and the intensification of competition among enterprises, enterprises have higher requirements for the comprehensive quality of financial management talents; At the same time, in order to strengthen practical teaching and improve practical operation ability, the school carried out this internship.
Practice is the main way to cultivate our students' ability and improve their quality, which will lay the foundation for us to go to society and work in the future; At the same time, it also tests our ability to integrate theory with practice. This internship is to enhance the understanding of financial management, better grasp the basic methods and skills of enterprise financial activities, use the learned theoretical knowledge for analysis and research to solve the problems that may be encountered in practical work, exercise our hands-on ability and cultivate social work ability, and lay a solid foundation for adapting to enterprise financial positions in the future.
The internship topics include financial management objectives, budgeting, credit policy, dividend policy, project investment decision, financial forecast, fund management, securities investment, financial analysis, and finally comprehensive financial case analysis. Only ten questions almost cover our financial management book and financial analysis book. Through the course practice, we can understand the basic content of financial management more intuitively, and understand the relationship between various financial activities and other economic activities: master various business methods of financial management, and learn to use the knowledge and skills of financial management to serve business strategy and empirical decision-making; We deepen our understanding of the specialty, broaden our knowledge and improve our practical ability to analyze and solve problems; Cultivate a practical work style, a down-to-earth work attitude, and establish a good professional ethics and organizational discipline concept.
Second, the content of practical training for financial management majors
Usually, what we learn in class is theoretical knowledge, and the school specially left us three weeks at the end of the semester for practical training for financial management majors. This is a good platform for us to combine practice with theory.
1. financial management objectives
financial management objectives can be said to be the most basic but also the most important content in financial management, because all activities are carried out with the objectives set by enterprises. At present, there are many kinds of opinions about goals. The one given in the book has three goals: profitability, earnings per share and enterprise value.
these goals are not true. I think that the financial management goals of each company should be tailored to local conditions, not stick to the prescribed goals, and be flexible in time, which is conducive to the sustainable development of enterprises. These three goals also have advantages and disadvantages, such as: the time value and risk factors of funds are not considered in profitability; Earnings per share failed to reflect the risks faced by capital investment; Enterprise value is not so applicable to unlisted companies. Through the study of advantages and disadvantages, it is more obvious that financial management objectives should be flexible in time to cope with the ever-changing market.
2. Budgeting
Budgeting refers to the overall arrangement of an enterprise's business activities in a predetermined period, which is prepared, reviewed and approved according to certain procedures in order to achieve its strategic planning and business objectives in the predetermined period. The budget required by the topic includes: sales budget, production budget, direct material budget, direct labor budget, cash budget, expected income statement and expected balance sheet. The first four are daily business budgets, and the last three are financial budgets.
the sales budget is the starting point of all budgets. The preparation of the sales budget is also very simple, and it can be easily completed according to the information given in the topic. It should be noted that 4% of the sales in this period should be transferred to the next period. That is to say, the current estimated income is 4% of the previous sales income plus 6% of the current sales income. On the basis of sales budget, production budget, direct material budget and direct labor budget can be made. The results of these budget tables are interlocking, so we should calculate them carefully when compiling them. There is an implicit condition when compiling these tables that I have been looking for for a long time, that is, after compiling the first quarter, I can't find the opening inventory of the second quarter in the title. After asking my classmates, I suddenly realized that the inventory at the beginning of the current period is equal to the inventory at the end of the previous period.
make a financial budget on the basis of daily business. The preparation of financial budget is also very simple, but there is one place that needs extra attention, that is, the cash balance offset by income and expenditure in the first quarter in the cash budget is -7474, while the minimum cash inventory balance according to the meaning is 8. At this time, it is necessary to borrow from the bank, and the loan amount is 16,. Because the minimum inventory balance is always above 8, it is necessary to add two 8, instead of just making the balance not negative.
3. Credit policy
Credit policy, in other words, accounts receivable policy. Accounts receivable are very important in enterprise financial system. Because in order to maintain good purchase and sale between enterprises, there must be accounts receivable. However, if we blindly sell on credit, the accounts receivable will be too high, which is likely to lead to high bad debts. So a good credit policy can help enterprises avoid unnecessary losses.
this question has two paragraphs. The first piece of information is to judge whether its credit policy is successful. By calculating the credit cost after income of the two schemes, it is found that the credit cost after income has decreased by 2.525 million yuan after adopting a loose credit policy, so it is unsuccessful. In fact, the core of credit policy judgment is its income before and after credit. The income before credit is the annual credit sales MINUS the variable cost, and the cash discount will be deducted if there is a cash discount. The sum of the income before credit minus the bad debt loss, the collection fee and the opportunity cost is the income after credit. Through the list, the income after credit can be compared, and then the most beneficial scheme can be selected.
five articles and four articles on the internship experience of financial management major
At the beginning of this semester, our major first conducted a comprehensive training on financial management of simulated enterprises for nearly two weeks. After two weeks, we will also conduct manual simulation training. I believe that manual simulation will also play a great role for us.
These two weeks of training, although it seems to me that it is relatively easier than manual simulation training, still left me with rich experience and deep understanding.
the first stage:
the first three days are a four-cycle group competition. The purpose of this training is for us to play the role of CEO of an enterprise. This is my first real training, with a fresh and a little nervous mood, I started the first day of training. There will be a set of relatively complete financial data of a simulated enterprise on the computer. We need to buy and sell all kinds of raw materials, whether to increase production lines and factories, and how to deal with all kinds of management expenses and sales expenses.