1. Basic situation of enterprises

There are 9 enterprises surveyed this time. Qinghai Tibetan Sheep Carpet (Group) Co., Ltd. is a private enterprise with self-operated import and export rights and foreign trade circulation import and export rights. It currently has 8 Tibetan carpet production companies with independent accounting (the provincial company is Qinghai Plateau Tibetan Sheep Carpet Co., Ltd. and Qinghai Haihu Tibetan Carpet Co., Ltd., and the remaining six companies are enterprises outside the province). At the same time, the company has four export companies in Shanghai and Tianjin in China, Osaka in Japan, and Hamburg in Germany. Qinghai Haiyuan Industry and Trade Co., Ltd. is a private joint-stock enterprise that mainly produces woven carpets and also operates handmade carpets, and has import and export rights for foreign trade circulation; Qinghai Meiya Ecological Development Co., Ltd. is a company that produces handmade carpets and has import and export rights for foreign trade circulation. Foreign-invested enterprises with operating rights; Huangzhong County Duoba Ethnic Carpet Factory and Xunhua County Jinyang Carpet Factory are two private enterprises that mainly produce silk wool Tibetan carpets and antique Tibetan carpets. Currently, Jinyang Carpet Factory is suspended. Status; Ledu National Carpet Factory and Ledu Haihu Carpet Factory are two collective enterprises commissioned to process handmade carpets.

2. Development status and characteristics of the Tibetan carpet industry

(1) Tibetan carpet enterprises led by non-public ownership have expanded their production scale and accelerated their development speed

2004 In 2003, the total assets of Tibetan carpet enterprises were 105.96 million yuan, an increase of 9.71% compared with 2003, of which the assets of non-public enterprises accounted for 99%. The total paid-in capital of Tibetan carpet enterprises is 27.4 million yuan, of which: state capital is 157,000 yuan, accounting for 0.6; collective capital is 300,000 yuan, accounting for 1.1; legal person capital is 7.25 million yuan, accounting for 26.4; individual capital is 17.61 million yuan, accounting for 64.3; Foreign capital was 2.0878 million yuan, accounting for 7.6%.

In 2004, enterprises in the province produced 150,000 square meters of Tibetan carpets, an increase of 25% over 2003. The production capacity this year is expected to reach 210,000 square meters; the company has completed a total industrial output value of 121.68 million at current prices. Yuan, an increase of 27.3 compared with 2003. Qinghai Plateau Tibetan Sheep Carpet Co., Ltd., Qinghai Haihu Tibetan Carpet Co., Ltd. and Qinghai Haiyuan Industry and Trade Co., Ltd. accounted for 74% and 94% of the total output and output value respectively. In terms of product composition, machine-made blankets accounted for 38% and handmade blankets accounted for 62%. Among all product output, exports account for 63%, of which the export rate of handmade blankets is as high as 98%. The products are sold well in more than 20 countries and regions including Europe, America, and Japan.

From January to April this year, the company produced 41,800 square meters of Tibetan carpets, an increase of 40.3% over the same period last year; the total industrial output value at current prices was 39.21 million yuan, an increase of 15.2% over the same period last year.

(2) The rapid growth of foreign exchange earnings from exports has played a positive role in promoting excellent national culture

Qinghai Province is one of the five largest pastoral areas in the country and has rich livestock product resources and carpet production. With a long history, it is one of the birthplaces of Tibetan carpets, and "Xining Dabai Mao" is recognized by the world carpet industry as the best raw material for weaving carpets. Over the years, due to historical and environmental reasons, Tibetan carpets originated in Qinghai but have not developed much here. On the contrary, countries such as Nepal, India, and Pakistan have supported the development of Chinese Tibetan carpets as domestic pillar industries. , Nepal’s annual export of Tibetan carpets reached US$160 million at its peak. The years from 1986 to 1992 were the years when Qinghai's Tibetan carpet industry developed rapidly. However, as time went by, the production concept of determining sales based on production seriously hindered the development of the Tibetan carpet industry. Product production was out of touch with the demand of the international market. Qinghai's Tibetan carpet industry The Tibetan carpet industry is facing a reshuffle. Since 2000, with the strong support of the provincial party committee, provincial government and relevant departments, the original resources of Qinghai's Tibetan carpet industry have been reintegrated, and Tibetan carpet production has begun to enter the road of industrialization and entered the international market. In 2004, Qinghai Zangyang Carpet (Group) Co., Ltd. achieved export earnings of US$14.21 million; Qinghai Haihu Tibetan Carpet Co., Ltd. achieved export earnings of US$2.48 million; Qinghai Meiya Ecological Development Co., Ltd. achieved export earnings of US$371,700, a total of *** Achieved export earnings of US$17.0617 million, an increase of 37.97% over 2003.

It can be seen that Zangyang Carpet (Group) Co., Ltd. basically represents the overall export level of Qinghai's carpet industry. As far as the country is concerned, there are 360 ??carpet companies in the country. The export volume of Zangyang Group accounts for 10% of the country's similar products and 3% of the country's total carpet exports. There are 6 carpet export companies across the country with an annual export volume of more than 10 million U.S. dollars, and 20 with an annual export volume of more than 5 million U.S. dollars. Zangyang Group has joined this list. As far as the international market is concerned, the Tibetan carpet export volume of the Tibetan Sheep Group accounted for 12.5% ??of Nepal's total in 2001, which increased to 16.4% in 2003. Nowadays, the combination of traditional ethnic handicrafts and modern technology has allowed Tibetan carpets, which were originally very characteristic of Qinghai, to travel across the ocean, allowing more people to know, understand, and appreciate this traditional handicraft.

(3) The continuous improvement of economic benefits has opened up a new way for farmers and herdsmen to increase their income

In 2004, the sales output value of enterprises in the province was 151.44 million yuan, an increase of 32.6% over 2003. , the production and sales rate was as high as 124.5; the sales revenue was 145.54 million yuan, an increase of 40.9% over 2003; the total profit and tax after balancing profits and losses was 9.067 million yuan, an increase of 33.5% over 2003; the overall labor productivity increased from 7365 yuan/person in 2003 to 9047 yuan/person; the total annual income of employees is about 58 million yuan. Judging from the production practice of Tibetan blankets, 100 pure wool Tibetan blankets require 6 kilograms of Xining Dabai wool per square meter. If the Tibetan blanket with a low number of threads is produced, the wool consumption will be even greater. Calculated in terms of foreign exchange earnings from exports, Tibetan carpet exports earn 15 million U.S. dollars, which requires 2,250 tons of Xining Dabai Mao. Based on the current market price, it can increase the income of herdsmen by 23.625 million yuan.

(4) Opening up a new field to alleviate employment pressure

According to relevant information, for every additional US$1 million in foreign exchange earned from Tibetan carpet exports, 1,600 employees are needed. In recent years, the country has implemented major ecological construction projects such as resting natural grasslands for grazing and converting farmland into forests. The surplus labor force in rural pastoral areas has increased, and there is an urgent need to open up new employment areas. Due to the reform of state-owned enterprises in the city, some laid-off workers are in urgent need of resettlement. The Tibetan carpet industry is a labor-intensive industry, and the development of the Tibetan carpet industry can effectively alleviate this contradiction. The survey shows that in 2004, there were 13,400 employees in enterprises in the province, an increase of 10.74% over 2003, of which 12,200 were migrant workers, accounting for 91% of the total number of employees, an increase of 10.91% over 2003. Because the Tibetan carpet industry has the advantage of leaving the soil without leaving the hometown and the characteristics of a combination of concentrated and decentralized productivity layout, it has become an effective form and effective way to help farmers and herdsmen get rid of poverty and increase their income, solve the problem of local transfer of surplus labor in rural pastoral areas, and save the cost of labor transfer to other places. way. At present, Qinghai Plateau Tibetan Sheep Carpet Co., Ltd. has built or is building 164 Tibetan carpet semi-finished products processing workshops mainly for farmers (of which 42 are under construction, which can create 4,000 jobs after completion), involving Haidong, In the three counties under the jurisdiction of Haibei, Hainan, Huangnan and Xining, the production and marketing model of "corporate farmers" has gradually improved, which has played a positive role in promoting agriculture through industry and realizing the transformation of agriculture into industry.

To sum up, 2004 was a harvest year for the Tibetan carpet industry in Qinghai Province, achieving high growth in both production and efficiency. The Tibetan carpet industry has gradually become an important part of Qinghai Province's characteristic economy. This not only injects a fresh force into Qinghai Province's economic growth, but also opens up a new way for Qinghai Province's farmers and herdsmen to find employment and increase income. In terms of quality and craftsmanship, the production level of Tibetan carpets in Qinghai can basically represent the overall situation of Tibetan carpets in China. Although there is still a gap between Qinghai Tibetan carpets and Nepal in terms of output, they have advantages in terms of quality and variety, and their production technology and pattern design are already at the world's leading level. These achievements are mainly due to the following factors:

1. The macro-environment for the operation of the industrial economy has been further improved. In recent years, the Provincial Party Committee and the Provincial Government have attached great importance to the development of the industrial economy, and the strategic status of "an industrially powerful province" has been unprecedentedly improved. In addition, the country continues to implement the Western Development Strategy and adheres to the policy of expanding domestic demand, which provides a good macro environment for the stable operation of the industrial economy.

2. The government has set up a stage and enterprises have played a role in promoting the development of the Tibetan carpet industry.

In 2003, the Qinghai Provincial Government held a special meeting to clarify the support policies for the development of the Tibetan carpet industry. The Qinghai Tibetan Carpet International Exhibition was successfully held in 2004 and will be held on June 25 this year to expand opening up, create a characteristic economy, and promote carpets. Famous and high-quality products, establishing corporate image, strengthening international exchanges, and promoting the development of the carpet industry have set up a big stage to showcase the heroic demeanor. In the past two years, while vigorously supporting the development of Tibetan sheep and other leading Tibetan carpet enterprises, it has also combined poverty alleviation work to guide leading Tibetan carpet enterprises and farmers and herdsmen to form a unified supply of raw and auxiliary materials and purchase of semi-finished products, unified market development, unified management, and unified processing. The "three unifications and one decentralization" production model with workshops scattered in different villages encourages farmers and herdsmen to invest in the Tibetan carpet industry. In the face of the international market, developing local specialty industries and developing competitive specialty products is the direction of Qinghai Province's economic development. The Tibetan carpet industry has been identified as Qinghai Province's key support due to its rich cultural heritage and good social and economic benefits. It is one of the characteristic industries and has received strong support from policies and other aspects, and has a good industrial development environment.

3. While promoting enterprise reform, major breakthroughs have been made in the development of private enterprises and small and medium-sized enterprises. On the basis of further promoting the standardized restructuring of state-owned small and medium-sized enterprises, we will support the development of private enterprises through various forms such as staged shareholding and guarantees. Actively explore and broaden financing channels for small and medium-sized enterprises, help enterprises introduce advanced technologies for capacity expansion and transformation, and significantly increase production capacity. After the reorganization and integration of the Tibetan carpet industry, its production and operation have made great progress in recent years, and new breakthroughs have been made in new product development and production scale. Led by Qinghai Plateau Tibetan Sheep Carpet Co., Ltd. and Qinghai Haihu Tibetan Carpet Co., Ltd. of Qinghai Tibetan Sheep Carpet (Group) Co., Ltd., as well as Qinghai Haiyuan Carpet Co., Ltd. and Meiya Ecological Development Co., Ltd., they have formed a collection of wool washing, An export-oriented enterprise that integrates production, research, supply and sales of spinning and dyeing yarn, carpet weaving, pattern design, and product research and development.

3. Evaluation of the development status of enterprises

Among the 9 enterprises surveyed, 78 are optimistic about the development prospects of the Tibetan carpet industry in Qinghai Province; 67 Enterprises expressed satisfaction and basic satisfaction with the development status and operating benefits of the enterprise; 89 enterprises expressed satisfaction and basic satisfaction with the government's policy of encouraging and developing the Tibetan carpet industry; 77 enterprises expressed satisfaction with the government's encouragement and development of the Tibetan carpet industry. Whether the policy has been implemented in practice gave an affirmative answer.

IV. Existing problems

(1) The output value of new products dropped in 2004, and the total profits and taxes fell from January to April this year

According to the survey, in September 2004 The output value of new products completed by each enterprise was 8.47 million yuan. Due to the sharp decline in the output value of new products of Haiyuan Industrial and Trading Company, the completed value dropped by 2.3 percentage points compared with 2003. From January to April this year, nine companies achieved a total profit and tax of 148,500 yuan, a decrease of 1.848 million yuan or 92.6% compared with the same period last year. The companies with a larger decrease were Qinghai Plateau Company and Qinghai Haiyuan Company, which had a net loss. They are Qinghai Zangyang Company and Qinghai Meiya Company.

(2) Lack of professional and technical talents

Among the employees of the surveyed enterprises, only 7.6% have a college degree or above, while those with a junior high school education or below The proportion is as high as 63.4. The proportion of professional and technical personnel among all employees is only 3.2.

(3) Insufficient capital investment and production and processing capacity

In recent years, the provincial government has continued to increase its support for the Tibetan carpet industry. The province’s Tibetan carpet industry has invested more than 9 million yuan. Yuan is used for workshop construction, personnel training, market development, etc. However, due to the continuous growth of market demand, capital investment is obviously insufficient. For example, the existing carpet workshops in the province, especially the product processing and finishing capabilities, cannot meet the rapidly growing demand. Semi-finished product production volume needs. At the same time, due to the impact of the national credit tightening policy, the financial sector has further increased its efforts to compress the scale of credit and control the amount of money issued, thus exacerbating the serious shortage of corporate liquidity.

During the survey, factory directors (managers) of enterprises such as Haiyuan, Meiya, and Xunhua Jinyang reported that loan and financing difficulties have seriously restricted the development of small private enterprises. They hope that the government can further coordinate the relationship between banks and enterprises and implement poverty alleviation funds. Appropriate tilt will be given to small businesses, and certain financial assistance will be provided when enterprises expand production, technological transformation, personnel training, and develop collaborative processing points for hand-woven carpets.

(4) Production management is imperfect, and technical training and other supporting systems are lagging behind.

First, the mixed acquisition and production of raw materials of different qualities and types prevents the quality of raw materials from being guaranteed. This reduces the utilization rate of high-quality wool and increases the cost of raw materials; secondly, the technical training for carpet farmers and mid-production tracking services are not in place, which affects the improvement of Tibetan carpet quality.

V. Build an industrial system to achieve sustainable development of the Tibetan carpet industry in Qinghai Province

Qinghai Province develops the Tibetan carpet industry with raw material resources, labor resources, scientific research innovation and policy support, etc. At the same time, Qinghai has profound national cultural heritage and the world-famous Kumbum Monastery, the holy land of Tibetan Buddhism, which can provide an inexhaustible source for continuously improving the cultural added value and artistic level of Tibetan carpets. However, modern industry is a complex organic system. The internal elements and external supporting conditions of the system interact with each other and together constitute a complete social production system. The development practice of modern industrial economy has proved that industrial agglomeration is the basic factor to improve industrial competitiveness. Through the integration of superior resources within the industrial system and the improvement of specialization, production costs can be reduced, production efficiency can be improved, innovation speed can be accelerated, and innovation capabilities can be achieved. And significant advantages such as enhanced industrial attractiveness and expansion capabilities, thereby improving the economic competitiveness of the entire region (industry). Therefore, in today's process of global economic integration, the economic competitiveness of a country or region depends critically on the competitiveness of its industrial clusters. Industrial clusters have become the source of a country or region's competitive advantage. As a characteristic and advantageous industry that Qinghai Province strives to cultivate and support, the Tibetan carpet industry has good development momentum and market prospects. To achieve sustainable development of the Tibetan carpet industry in Qinghai Province, we must respect the laws of industrial development, improve the industrial chain, and build an industrial system. , in order to cultivate its own internal mechanism for sustainable development.

(1) Construction of an industrial sustainable development system

According to the regional layout, professional management, market linkage, social collaboration of modern industrial growth and the laws within the industrial system The logical relationship between external factors and the construction of three support systems for the sustainable development system of the Tibetan carpet industry (see table below)

System framework for the sustainable development of the Tibetan carpet industry in Qinghai Province

Industry Survival support system, industrial development support system, industrial environment support system

Production factors subsystem, demand status subsystem, operation and management subsystem, related industry subsystem, industry policy subsystem, financial support subsystem, technical support subsystem, intellectual support subsystem Competitive environment subsystem Social environment subsystem Ecological environment subsystem

1. Industrial survival support system. This system includes four subsystems: production factors, demand conditions, operation management, and related industries, which are the four elements that determine the survival of the industry. According to the argument of industrial economics, the primary condition for the survival of an industry lies in the availability of key production factors (such as raw materials, labor, etc.), because the existence and combination of industrial production factors not only determines the development cost of the industry, but also affects the industry. The competitiveness is an indispensable basic element for the survival and development of the industry; the market demand situation is the fundamental factor that determines the survival of the industry and the length of the life cycle of the products and services provided, and is also the key factor that determines the competitiveness of the industrial market; The competition in modern industries is becoming increasingly fierce. The degree of specialization of production within the industry has increased and the internal division of labor has become more refined. The correlation between related industries outside the industry has increased, and the multiplier effect is obvious. Therefore, in addition to having a certain resource base and market demand, it is also necessary to have scientific knowledge. Only business management and research and coordination of related industries can enable the Tibetan carpet industry in Qinghai Province to survive in the fierce market competition.

2. Industrial development support system.

Enterprise leaders should encourage employees to study and improve their professional skills, reward those employees who study business, think about problems, and make contributions to the enterprise through self-study, and create an environment for talents to develop their talents.

5. Use international rules to protect brands. Origin marking plays an important role in international trade. Countries around the world regard it as an important means of safeguarding national economic interests and an important manifestation of technical barriers. Qinghai Tibetan carpets enjoy a high reputation at home and abroad, and the active implementation of the origin mark certification of famous and high-quality special products will be extremely beneficial to Qinghai Tibetan carpets' long-term GSP tariff treatment and effective protection of local brands after China's accession to the WTO.

6. Actively explore investment channels. It is necessary to make full use of various funds such as poverty alleviation funds, industry funds and social funds to diversify investment entities and provide financial support for making the Tibetan carpet industry bigger and stronger.