bad debt or loan

cash flow statements

Clear ownership and clear property rights.

debt-to-equity

Equity diversification

scale economy

Emerging economies

Exchange rate mechanism

Funds and financing financing financing

Global financial architecture Global financial system

Global integration, global integration, globalization

be listed

(Economy) is growing rapidly.

A millionaire with "two commas"

Hedging hedging

housing mortgage loan

holding company

holding company

Initial issuance of original shares

Initial public offering initial public offering

innovating enterprise

Knowledge capital

Inter-bank loan

Online customers

Payback period of investment

Share stock

Shopping mall mouse, a young man who loves shopping.

Means of production, factors of production

Social pooling of medical expenses for major diseases

Social pooling of medical expenses for serious illness

Mergers and acquisitions

Mobile banking Mobile banking

Emotional popularity

Potato networm

No store sales direct-selling

issue a new share

online bank

Online finance online finance

Online customer (bank's online customer)

Book income

tangible

Project fund system

multilevel marketing

reorganized assets

Regional Currency Freezing Regional Currency Groups

Standardized management

Sell and realize

the stock option

smart card

Big sale

Idle production capacity

Strong growth strong growth momentum

Switch to trade

Take ... public.

Excavate idle assets and revitalize existing assets

Transaction (bank) transaction

Treasury transfer payment

Financial transfer payment

venture capital

virtual bank

Telegraphic transfer electronic transfer

Comparison table of Chinese-English economic and financial terms d

D

White strip issue

certification of deposit

Withdraw a large amount of cash.

extensive landslide

Single bank integration system.

Bad debts (see "bad debts")

Loan loss reserve

Idle loan

Loans precipitate non-performing loans

Loan classification

Credit control of loan limit management; Set a credit ceiling

Credit restraint mechanism in loan restraint mechanism

Acting Ministry of Finance as financial agent

Acting as an agent for financial institutions to issue loans to other institutions.

Loans with hats and ear tags

The reverse mechanism reverses the transmission of monetary easing pressure.

ethical risk

Regional disparity

primary industry

secondary industry

Service industry and tertiary industry; service sector

Deferred assets

Insufficient orders

time deposit

Directionally raise funds from target sources

Host country (see "home country")

independent accounting

treasury bill

Hedging operation; hedging

Claims on non-financial sectors

diverse/multiple forms of ownership

Comparison table of Chinese and English economic and financial terms

E

Hyperinflation hyperinflation

secondary market

F

Issue currency versus issue currency

Total number of shares issued.

Statutory reserve statutory reserve; Reserve requirements

Institutional unit

Institutional shareholders in corporate shareholders

rule of law

investment in real estate

Loosen monetary policy by loosening monetary policy.

Off-site monitoring (or monitoring)

Non-bank financial institutions

nonprofit organization

Distribution of central and local taxes; Tax distribution system

The separation of financial business (service) is carried out separately; Divide the business scope according to the types of financial institutions.

Risk exposure (risk exposure)

risk management

risk awareness

Risk-weighted capital ratio

Risk-based capital standard

Service income and public service charges; User fees

aid the poor

negative growth

Double budget; Capital and regular budget accounts

Comparison table of Chinese and English economic and financial terms

G

Reform experiment

Leverage ratio

leveraged buyout

Raise high-interest funds by offering high interest.

Non-institutional unit

Fundamental reversal

Open market operation

Private deposit of public funds into personal accounts.

public utilities

State-owned sector in public ownership economy; public sector

public ownership

Profit-cost ratio of industrial cost

Industrial added value

Supply exceeds demand; Oversupply

encourage

Joint stock cooperative enterprise

joint venture

share-holding bank

Fixed assets loan

tariffs

reduce tariff

Preferential tariff incentives; Preferential tariff treatment

Standardize behavior ... behavior

scale economy

National interests and people's lives

Other government expenditures from the state to individuals.

country risk

International division of labor

Trade payment balance

wholly state-owned commercial bank

State sector

state-owned enterprise

State ownership

loss of state assets

Government securities repurchase

The main underwriter of government securities.

Excessive competition, excessive competition

overexpansion

Signs of overheating

Comparison table of Chinese and English economic and financial terms

H

Reasonable expectations

Core capital

joint venture

dividend

The macroeconomic performance is good and the macroeconomic operation is good.

Macroeconomic fundamentals

Macro-control and macroeconomic management (or adjustment)

Macro-control objectives

Bad debts

Loan service office

Unit export cost; Local currency cost of export income

Floating in-transit fund exchange

Beneficiary's bank remittance prepayment

Unified exchange rate

current deposit

Exchange rate misalignment

Mixed ownership and diversified (mixed) ownership

Monetary policy stance

Debts owed to suppliers

Comparison table of Chinese-English economic and financial terms j

J

Infrastructure capital construction investment

Basic economic factors economic fundamentals

Basic moderate scalability

benchmark interest rate

Non-profit institutional deposits of government agencies and groups

Opportunity cost

overwhelm

A large inventory with a serious backlog; Overstock

Run a bank to squeeze deposits

Misappropriation and occupation of unnecessary diversified (financial) resources (from design purposes)

Investment in technology upgrading

technology-intensive product

Cities under separate state planning

planned economy

Collective sector of collective economy

Intensify structural adjustment

processing trade

Accelerated trend

Strengthening tax collection and management and improving tax management level

Weighted average price

Price liberalization

Price formation mechanism

reduce losses

Simplify procedures and reduce red tape; simplify the procedures

Active trading

Deposit reserve to deposit reserve

malformation

Structural imbalance

Structural contradictions are prominent and structural imbalances are sharp.

Structural improvement (optimization)

foreign exchange trading

Financial fragility

financial turmoil

financial turmoil

financial panic

Financial crisis, financial crisis.

Financial repression

financial derivatives

Financial fraud financial fraud

monetary tightening

Austerity policy; Tight financial policy

Current account convertibility

special economic zone

Economic reform of the economic system

The main source of economic growth has changed (from investment expansion to efficiency improvement)

Economic slowdown; Economic growth slowed down.

economic sanctions

Management autonomy

Economic recovery, business activity recovery

overseas investment

intensifying competition

Local (isolated) financial turmoil

Chinese-English economic and financial terms comparison table K-L

K

Operate RMB business

Sustainable economic growth

variable cost

convertible currency

Controlling cash injection and controlling currency issuance

Deduct the actual price factor; After adjustment for inflation

Inventory product inventory

Cross-border banking business

Cross-year procurement

accounting standards

L

Processing imported materials for export

Offshore Bank offshore bank

Straighten out the foreign trade system and foreign trade registration

The role of interest rate leverage in resource allocation

Profit-driven

Interest recovery rate

Inter-bank settlement of inter-bank clearing

Franchise (merchant), chain enterprise; Chain enterprise

virtuous cycle

The income gap with increasing polarization; Polarization of income distribution

retail price index

liquidity ratio

Current asset turnover rate/current asset speed

Working capital lending

Distribution system of circulation system

distribution network

Lease purchase (the lessee can purchase the leased property at the expiration of the lease)

Monopoly industry (department)

Illegal fund-raising

Illegal (illegal) charges

Indiscriminate apportionment of unjust (arbitrary) taxes

Chinese-English economic and financial terms comparison table M-P

M

buyer's market

seller's market

Sell the repurchased securities that match the repurchase transaction.

trade balance

Non-institutionalized credit of folk credit

The first two years of profit are exempt from income tax, and the next three years are exempt from 50% tax.

Explicit subsidy of Ming department

Dominant loss

brand name products

Home country (see "host country")

ordinary

Internal control internal control

Internal audit internal audit

Mainland and Hong Kong Mainland and Hong Kong

domestic debt

Turn losses into profits, so that loss-making enterprises turn losses into profits

Distorted allocation of financial resources

Expenditure on agricultural and sideline products procurement is used for agricultural procurement.

Rural credit cooperative rural credit cooperative

P

Bubble effect

Bubble economy

Cultivate new economic growth points and tap new economic growth points

One-sided pursuit of development speed, extreme pursuit of growth

balanced development

Bottleneck (restriction)

Steady recovery

Initial (start-up) working capital

A broad-based recovery has generally picked up.

coordinated reforms

Equal amount of RMB funds and local currency funds …

Q-R Chinese-English economic and financial terms table

Q

Enterprises run social enterprises with buried social responsibilities.

Company group strategy

Company merger and reorganization

Enterprise management led by enterprises

business income tax

Enterprise profitability of enterprise income

Enterprise funds illegally flow into the stock market.

owing taxes

Overdue interest

Strengthen tax collection and management and strengthen tax management

Litigation for enforcement of judgment

Start-up factor carry-over effect

Delete some applications

Clean up and recover loans

Liquidation (bankruptcy)

preferential policy

Differential treatment

Trend strengthening

globalization

Return on equity

Lack of endurance

rare

The loan scale of revolving credit limit

per capita GDP (gross domestic product)

Per capita income

The pressure of RMB appreciation on RMB (exchange rate)

subscribed capital

soft loan

Soft budget constraint

"Soft landing"

Chinese-English economic and financial terms comparison table W-X

W

outside audit

foreign direct investment (FDI)

foreign exchange reserves

foreignexchangeswap

RMB counter part of foreign exchange reserves; Rmb equivalent of official foreign exchange reserves

export-oriented economy

foreign debt

full foreign-owned enterprises

Perfecting the modern enterprise system and perfecting the modern enterprise system

tax payment receipt

crooked deal

Entrusted deposit

Steady growth, steady growth

A sound banking system

Make progress while ensuring stability

Paperless transaction bookkeeping transaction

Price monitoring

X

Absorbing fluidity

Scarce economy in scarce economy

Money laundering

Dispatching fund allocation in banks in the system

systematic financial crises

Laid-off workers among laid-off workers

downstream company

spot checking

Cash retention (in the hands of residents) Cash held outside the banking system.

Township enterprises and rural enterprises (TVES)

Consumer price index

consumption tax

Eliminate the fiscal deficit to balance the budget; Eliminate the fiscal deficit

Return the sales revenue to the banking system.

Flat sales

Agreed amount of foreign investment promised amount of foreign investment

New economic growth point new economic growth point

New projects; Newly started project

New loans and incremental credit; Increment of loans; Credit growth; credit expansion

New job; New job opportunities

Credit scale assessment reviews the compliance of credit qualifications.

Distorted signal with distorted signal

trust (and investment) company

Information Asymmetry

Information feedback (information)

information sharing system

information disclosure

Credit expansion

credit rating

Surname "Zi" or "She" related to socialism or capitalism; Socialist or capitalist

administrative measure

Demand expansion; Excess demand

False deposit whitewashes deposit.

Reduce redundant employees to get rid of redundant labor.

rent-seeking

Quick rebound

Chinese-English economic and financial terms comparison table Y-Z

Y

pension fund

Universal application across the board; Non-discretionary implementation

primary market

interest receivable

bank outlets

profitability

Business tax business tax

Hard loan (commercial loan)

Land use approval for granting land use rights

Managed floating exchange rate

Portfolio investment

floating capital

A marketable product with a market.

Effective supply effective supply

Triggering a new round of economic expansion.

Overdue loans overdue loan; Overdue loan

In line with international practice, in line with international practice.

Connect with the international market

Extrabudgetary expenditure (income)

Pre-adjustment

Calculated monthly; mensual

Z

central bank loan

Reserve positions of international financial institutions

Deposit in the central bank of the People's Bank of China.

In-transit funds

Increase agricultural input and investment.

Slow growth; Growth momentum slowed down.

Measures to increase income and control expenditure

increase steadily

value-added tax

Higher than expected growth rate; Excessive growth

Off balance sheet account

depreciate

Correct austerity; merge

policy instrument

Policy-related business

policy banks

Policy mix

government intervention

Securities transaction settlement

Funds for purchasing securities from securities companies

Payment difficulty

ability to pay

The direct regulation mode is to increase the dependence on indirect policy tools.

Indirect control mode transfer function transfer function

professional ethics

Compulsory measures

Mandatory plan; management plan

Formulate and implement monetary policy to conduct monetary policy; Formulating and implementing monetary policy

lagging effect

intermediary organ

Division of financial responsibilities between central and local governments

Focus on key construction projects for eating in different stoves; Key investment projects

The trough of the business cycle

velocity of turnover

Host bank, major banks

Sovereign risk

registered capital

Step by step; Phased realization

Phase out to phase out.

Grasp the big and release the small (keep close supervision on large state-owned enterprises and let smaller enterprises participate in market competition).

A fixed sum is for a fixed purpose.

on-lending

Transition economy in transition economy

turn round

turning point

Quasi-fiscal deficit

Quasi-currency quasi-currency

Insufficient capital

capital adequacy ratio

Return on capital

Capital account convertibility

Insolvency; go bankrupt

Balance sheet

Asset-liability ratio Debt/asset ratio; Asset-liability ratio

Concentration of assets

Asset contribution coefficient

return on asset

Asset quality asset quality

property; assets

Financing cost; Cost of capital; financing cost

Full funding (project)

Sufficient funds

fund utilization rate

Financing gap

Extracorporeal circulation of funds

The funds are occupied.

Self-financing project

Self-owned equity fund

Comprehensive national strength (usually measured by GDP)

Overall efficiency index

Comprehensive adjustment (tightening); long-distance transport

Total contract price

Total transaction amount

total cost

Lender of last resort