What does bidding mean? Please make it easier to understand. It's better to have a simple example. .
A certain family has a daughter (tender), it’s time to get married (it meets the bidding conditions), find someone to organize it (tendering agency), find a venue, set up a stage (tendering platform), and use a loudspeaker Make a shout out (tender announcement), throw the hydrangea in public (tender method), several judges serve as witnesses (tender evaluation committee), the girl will throw it to whomever she thinks is better (owner inspection), whether she can grab it, leave it to fate (evaluation process) ). Find the object, go to the Civil Affairs Bureau to get the marriage certificate (supervision and bid winning notice), and treat everyone to a wedding banquet.
Bidding is an activity where you dress neatly and carry a bag to wait for the hydrangeas at a designated time. Bidding Bidding What does winning the bid mean? Please explain in simple terms
Invitation to Tender means that the tenderer (buyer) issues a tender notice, stating the name, specifications, quantity and other conditions of the purchased goods, and inviting bidders (sellers) The act of bidding according to a certain procedure at a specified time and place. Submission of Tender is a concept corresponding to bidding. It means that the bidder actively applies at the invitation of the bidder or the bidder meets the minimum qualification requirements of the bidder, and submits a bid to the bidder within the specified time in accordance with the requirements and conditions of the bid. The act of submitting bids in an effort to win the bid. The tenderer shall issue a bid winning notice to the winning bidder and at the same time notify all unsuccessful bidders of the winning bid results. The bid winning notice shall have legal effect on the tenderer and the winning bidder. After the bid-winning notice is issued, if the tenderee changes the bid-winning result, or if the winning bidder abandons the bid-winning project, he shall bear legal liability in accordance with the law.
Please accept it, thank you! What does financial swap transaction mean? To put it more plainly, it is best to give a simple example
Phew~ This is a very tiring question. I Let me explain it to you slowly ~ Construction module tools are the simplest and most basic financial derivatives, including: financial forward contracts, financial futures, financial options, and financial swaps. People generally use their structural characteristics to develop and design more financial derivatives with complex characteristics by combining them with each other or with basic financial instruments. (You should know the basic financial instruments, which are bonds, stocks, bank time deposit certificates, etc., including financial derivatives). The designed financial derivatives with complex characteristics are called structured financial derivatives, or structured products, such as various structured notes traded on stock exchanges, as well as various banks’ common products in our daily lives. Structured financial products, etc., are all relatively typical products. lintel ぞ folding 靼 carving temple 瑑 phantom 靼 quasi-sash hook 殮 service 猓迿ash 乇 miasma waiter 饣蛘嚚 ⒎ Zheng qie 揖斖caudle drinking 盍 haha ??~
1. Concept
Two separate borrowers, obtaining loans from different or the same financial institution. With the help of an intermediary agency, the two parties agreed to pay loan interest to each other, allowing both parties to obtain loans with more favorable terms than the original conditions. In other words, there is a free lunch in the market.
Prerequisites for interest rate swaps: interest rate marketization, market-based benchmark interest rates, investment banks
2. Brief cases
(1) Banks
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Bank B. Loan conditions:
Bank's loan interest rate:
Corporate credit rating fixed interest rate floating interest rate notes
AAA 7 6 (market benchmark interest rate) two interest rates for banks The expected returns are the same and the expected financing costs for the enterprise are the same
BBB 8 6＋0.25
CCC 9 6＋0.5
(2) Borrower, Intermediary agency
Company H, a AAA-level enterprise, borrowed 50 million from Bank B. Fixed loan interest rate 7;
Company L, a CCC-level enterprise, borrowed 50 million from Bank B.
The floating loan interest rate is 6.5;
The intermediary agency: M Investment Bank charges a fee of 0.1 from both parties based on the loan amount.
(3) Swap process
Under the coordination of the intermediary agency, the two parties agreed:
Company L will bear 1.75 of Company H, and then the two parties will exchange interest Payment obligation, that is, paying interest to each other. Each interest payment is guaranteed by the intermediary company and transferred to the other party. At the same time, the intermediary agency charges a one-time service fee of 0.1.
(4) Swap results (assuming the market interest rate has not changed)
1. Company H pays floating interest rate and intermediary service fee: 7-1.75+0.1=5.25+0.1 ＝5.35
(If you borrowed a floating-rate loan, you paid 6)
2. Company L pays a fixed interest rate and intermediary service fee: 6.5＋1.75＋0.1＝8.25＋0.1 =8.35
(If you borrowed a fixed-rate loan at the beginning, you would have to pay 9)
Each party obtained a loan with 0.65 lower terms than the original loan.
3. If the market interest rate has not changed,
the bank should have received:
Interest (floating) to be charged from Company L = 6.5
The interest to be collected from Company H (solid) = 7
Total ***13.5
Now get: 6.5＋5.25＋1.75＝13.5
Therefore, the bank’s interest income is not less.
(5) Source of free cakes
The total free cakes are 1.5. Among them: H company 0.65, L company 0.65, intermediary company 0.2.
It is brought about by companies with high credit ratings selling credit.
Specific calculation: 1.5=(9-7)-(6.5-6)
(6) Looking back at the determination of Company L’s expenses
Intermediary company After the expenses are confirmed, if the remaining free cake is divided equally between both parties, how to determine the portion that Company L will bear?
Among the 1.5 free cakes, it has been determined that 0.2 will be given to the intermediary company. There is still 1.3 left, and both sides require 0.65 each.
From the perspective of Company H, it is required to exchange the fixed interest rate for a floating interest rate and get a benefit of 0.65, which means that it needs to obtain a loan with a floating interest rate of 6-0.65=5.35. Then the portion of X shared by Company L should be:
7—X＋0.1＝5.35
In the real market, free cake does exist. There are different opinions on the reason for its existence, but there is no generally accepted reason.
This is just a simple example to illustrate the basic principles of interest rate swaps. Actual transactions and operations are much more complicated. What does object mean in Russian? It is best to give a simple example to make it easier to understand.
In translation, "object" and "object" are the same word. "Object" is the object directed by an action, the object reached. For example, we say: "The revolutionary object is - - -". For another example, "looking for objects" is also looking for "objects", looking for objects within the reach of love. Of course, "finding objects" may not necessarily be translated in such a literal way, it can be translated as "finding friends". We say "the object studied in physics is - - -" or "the object studied in political economy is - - -". This "object" and "object" are the same word. What is direct current and alternating current? Let’s make it easy to understand. Let’s give a simple example. Thank you
Alternating current and direct current are relative to their output waveforms. Direct current is because of the size and direction of the current. It will not change with time, and its output waveform is a straight line, while AC current will change with time because of the size and direction of the current. Its output waveform is a sinusoidal curve, and three-phase AC current has three curves.
The power supply of the computers we use every day is AC, and when it reaches the motherboard, it is DC. That is because the power supply inside the chassis has a special circuit to convert AC into DC, that is, a rectifier circuit.
Daily batteries are DC power, and most of the electricity used in daily life is AC power. What does the actual verb mean in English! Please make it easier to understand, or give a few examples...
Substantive verbs refer to words that express actions, such as: work study, hit
~Manual translation, respect labor , welcome to ask questions, thank you for adopting! ~ What is a securities account? It’s troublesome to explain it in an easy-to-understand and satisfying manner. Please give it a thumbs up
A securities account is set up by a securities registration and clearing institution for investors to accurately record the type, name, and number of securities held by investors. The account book containing the quantity and corresponding rights and changes is an important document for identifying the identity of the shareholder and has the legal effect of proving the identity of the shareholder. It is also a prerequisite for investors to conduct securities transactions. When opening a stock account, there is a capital account and a third-party custody account. What does auction, bidding, tendering, and winning a bid mean? Please explain it in a simple and clear way.
Auction usually refers to direct bidding in a large auction hall, and price is the only competitive factor. For example, if there is a project to buy computers, and the total amount falls within the scope of the bidding, these computers must be purchased through the bidding process. The specific amount can be arbitrarily checked on Baidu because there are projects and *** purchases with different amounts. The meaning of bidding is that the buyer entrusts a bidding agency (intermediary company) to do publicity (including bidding announcements, bidding files, etc.) to attract sellers to participate in the bidding. The bidder is the seller. After seeing the bidding announcement, he feels that he is qualified. According to the requirements in the bidding announcement, go and register to participate in the bidding (after registration, purchase the bidding file, prepare the bidding file according to the requirements on the bidding file, and submit the prepared bidding file to the bid opening site according to the bidding opening time on the bidding file), that is It is said that bidding means that each bidder has quoted a price, but it is sealed, and they compete without knowing each other's quotations. On the day of the bid opening, a relatively simple bid opening ceremony will be held. At the bid opening ceremony, the prices of all bidders will be reported. Then it will enter the expert review stage to review whether the bid files of all bidders respond to the requirements of the bidding files (that is, whether they comply with the terms, terms, formats, etc. of the bidding files). After confirming compliance, we will make a comparison based on the price, technology, reputation, financial situation, performance, service, etc. of each bidder in the bidding file, and the comparative factors mentioned in the bidding file. To see who is the best, we will recommend it as a candidate for winning the bid. people. After the successful bidder is recommended, there will be a publicity period and it will be announced online. During this publicity period, if no one questions it, the winning candidate will become the successful bidder. The general process is like this, because there are five bidding methods and several bid evaluation methods, and it is difficult to summarize them all. You can also go online and look at *** Procurement Network, Tendering and Bidding Supervision Network, and you can find it by searching on Baidu. The seller is the bidder and the buyer is the bidder. What does it mean to eat bubbles in air cargo? It’s best to tell it in an easy-to-understand way! Thank you
If the actual weight of your cargo is 100KG, but calculated by volume (one kilogram per 6,000 cubic centimeters) is 130KG, but when your freight forwarder hands it over to the airline, it is calculated as 100KG and the airline After settlement, the remaining 30KG is not settled, and the agent himself takes the profit. This is called eating.