Hello, personal loans are all kinds of loans. Compared with corporate credit, personal loans are slightly simpler. The risk management exam is about eight kinds of risks, the understanding of risks, how to distinguish and how to control them, but its content is relatively concentrated, unlike personal loans, which professional subject can give the above suggestions in combination with the actual situation.
I hope I can help you and adopt it.
Second, the bank qualification examination
If it is recommended to apply for classes, the probability of passing at one time is relatively high.
In Xi 'an, the financial training department of Xi Jiaotong University enjoys a high reputation in the training of banking qualification. You can refer to it
029-68987 157 is the telephone number of the Financial Training Department of Xi Jiaotong University.
The examination subjects of the bank qualification examination are:
Candidates can apply for any subject of their choice, such as public foundation, personal finance, risk management, personal loans, corporate credit, etc.
At the same time, passing the "public * * * basic" examination and obtaining a certificate is a necessary prerequisite for obtaining a professional certificate.
Three. Banking Qualification Examination: Principles of Personal Loan Management
Section 1 Principles of Personal Loan Management
First, the whole process management principles
The whole process of loan management emphasizes that effective credit risk management runs through every link of the loan life cycle.
Credit management can not be roughly divided into three links: pre-loan management, in-loan management and post-loan management. Lenders should proceed from the idea of strengthening the whole process management of loans, decompose all links in the process management of loans, implement the responsibilities of each link to specific departments and posts according to the principle of effective checks and balances, and establish a clear accountability mechanism.
Second, the principle of applying for loans in good faith.
Credit application mainly includes two meanings: first, the borrower abides by the principle of honesty and trustworthiness, provides loan application materials in the specific way and content required by the lender, and promises that the materials provided are true, complete and effective; Second, the borrower should prove that his credit record is good, and the loan purpose and repayment source are clear and legal.
The loan applicant shall adhere to the principle of honesty and trustworthiness and provide the lender with true, complete and effective loan application materials.
Third, the principle of agreement commitment.
The principle of agreement commitment requires that banking financial institutions, as lenders, should sign complete loan contracts and other agreement documents with borrowers and other relevant parties, standardize the relevant behaviors of all parties, clarify the rights and obligations of all parties, adjust the legal relations of all parties, and clarify the legal responsibilities of all parties.
On the one hand, the principle of agreement commitment requires the lender to clearly stipulate its rights and obligations in the contract and other agreement documents, on the other hand, it requires the customer to sign a commitment to a series of matters and rely on the law to restrain the customer's behavior.
Fourth, the principle of separate control of loans and loans.
Separate control of lending means that banking financial institutions manage and control loan approval and loan issuance as two independent business links to reduce the operational risk of credit business. The essence of loan separation control is that loan approval is not equal to lending.
The lender shall set up an independent loan issuing department or post, which shall be responsible for reviewing all loan preconditions and confirming the use of loan funds. If the payment is entrusted to the lender, the lender shall examine whether the payment application information is consistent with the business contract; If the borrower pays independently, the lender shall confirm the loan payment elements submitted by the borrower.
Five, the principle of real loan and real payment
Real loan payment refers to the process that banking financial institutions pay the loan funds to the borrower's transaction object according to the borrower's effective loan demand, mainly through the way of entrusted payment by the lender. The key to the principle of real loan and real payment is to let the borrower use the loan funds according to the purpose agreed in the loan contract and reduce the risk of loan misappropriation.
The actual payment of the loan provides the starting point and basis for the whole process management and agreement commitment, and helps the lender to guard against credit risk and legal risk.
Principles of post-loan management of intransitive verbs
Post-loan management refers to the credit risk management of commercial banks after loan issuance. The main contents of post-loan management principles are: supervising the use of loan funds according to their purposes; Monitor the borrower's account; It is emphasized that the relevant provisions of the loan contract are instructive and binding on post-loan management; According to the regulatory requirements, clarify the legal responsibility of the lender for post-loan management.
Provisions on the administration of loan interest rates
Chapter I General Provisions
Article 1 In order to correctly implement the national interest rate policy, standardize and strengthen the interest rate management of China Development Bank (hereinafter referred to as the Development Bank), these Measures are formulated in accordance with the relevant national financial policies and regulations and the provisions of the People's Bank of China on the management of RMB interest rate.
Article 2 The term RMB deposit and loan interest rate management as mentioned in these Measures refers to the determination, implementation, adjustment, supervision and inspection of RMB deposit and loan interest rates of development banks.
Article 3 The legal interest rate mentioned in these Measures refers to the deposit and loan interest rate announced by the People's Bank of China.
Chapter II Responsibilities and Division of Labor of Interest Rate Management
Article 4 The Comprehensive Planning Bureau of the head office of the Development Bank is the functional department of the Development Bank in charge of RMB deposit and loan interest rates, and performs the following interest rate management duties:
(1) Formulate the bank's interest rate management system and measures according to the national interest rate policies and regulations.
(two) according to the statutory interest rate and the relevant interest rate regulations formulated by the People's Bank of China, put forward the types, grades, levels and floating ranges of the deposit and loan interest rates of the Development Bank and the implementation opinions of the interest settlement regulations; According to the relevant interest rate adjustment documents or policies of the People's Bank of China, put forward the interest rate adjustment plan of Development Bank in time.
(3) Publicize, carry out and implement the national interest rate policy, timely forward the interest rate documents of the People's Bank of China, be responsible for organizing and implementing the interest rate management of the Development Bank, and coordinate and handle relevant issues in the implementation of interest rates.
(4) Supervise and inspect the implementation of the national interest rate policy and the Bank's interest rate management system by branches, and guide the interest rate management of branches. Responsible for reporting and reflecting the situation and problems in the process of interest rate implementation to the People's Bank of China.
Article 5 The planning department of a branch is the functional department of interest rate work of the branch, and is responsible for performing the following interest rate management duties according to the requirements of the Head Office:
(1) Organize and implement the national interest rate policy and relevant interest rate management regulations of the Head Office within the jurisdiction of the branch.
(2) Publicize the national interest rate policy, send the interest rate documents of the Head Office in time, and be responsible for the coordination of relevant matters in the implementation of interest rates within its jurisdiction.
(3) Supervise and inspect the implementation of interest rate policies within its jurisdiction. Timely report and reflect the situation and problems in the process of interest rate implementation to the head office.
Article 6 The Finance and Accounting Bureau of the Head Office shall be responsible for formulating and organizing the implementation of the accounting regulations for interest calculation and settlement of the Development Bank according to the relevant interest rate documents of the People's Bank of China and the Development Bank.
Article 7 The Legal Affairs Bureau of the Head Office is responsible for determining the interest rate clauses of the relevant contract texts of the Development Bank according to the provisions of the interest rate documents of the Development Bank.
Article 8 The Credit Management Bureau of the Head Office is responsible for checking whether the loan interest rate, extension interest rate, penalty interest and other clauses in the loan contract text of the Development Bank are compliant and correct according to the provisions of the interest rate document of the Development Bank; Examine and approve interest rate reduction and prepayment items reported by branches.
Article 9 The credit department of a branch shall specifically implement the relevant interest rate policy of the Development Bank, and be responsible for signing a loan contract with the borrower at the interest rate stipulated in the interest rate document of the Development Bank. The contract shall specify the penalty clauses such as loan type, interest rate grade, overdue loan and misappropriation loan according to relevant regulations; The default interest or loan extension that needs to be collected shall be notified to the accounting department in time; Responsible for conveying the new interest rate table of the bank to all borrowers after interest rate adjustment; Responsible for notifying the corresponding borrower after the implementation of the new interest rate for each loan.
Article 10 The Finance and Accounting Bureau, the Legal Affairs Bureau and the Credit Management Bureau of the Head Office shall issue relevant interest rate documents and regulations in the system, which shall be countersigned by the Comprehensive Planning Bureau.
Eleventh development bank deposit and loan interest rates by the comprehensive planning bureau is responsible for the interpretation of; The relevant interest rate regulations formulated by the Financial Accounting Bureau, the Legal Affairs Bureau and the Credit Management Bureau of the Head Office shall be interpreted by all departments.
Article 12 The Comprehensive Planning Bureau of the Head Office shall be equipped with a full-time interest rate manager, and the planning departments of all branches shall designate special persons to manage interest rates.
Chapter III Deposit Interest Rate and Interest Settlement
Thirteenth development bank unit deposits according to demand deposits and time deposits to implement two kinds of interest rates. The term and grade of time deposit interest rate shall be subject to the relevant provisions of the Measures for the Administration of RMB Unit Deposits of the People's Bank of China.
Fourteenth development bank demand deposits are settled quarterly, and the 20th of the last month of each quarter is the settlement date.
Fifteenth unit demand deposits shall bear interest according to the settlement date or the interest rate announced on the settlement date, and shall not bear interest when the interest rate is adjusted.
Article 16 The unit time deposit shall bear interest at the interest rate announced on the deposit date, and the interest shall be settled with the principal. In case of interest rate adjustment, interest will not be calculated by stages. If all unit time deposits are withdrawn in advance, the interest will be calculated and settled according to the deposit interest rate listed on the withdrawal date; For the part withdrawn in advance, the interest shall be calculated according to the deposit interest rate listed on the withdrawal date, and the rest shall be calculated according to the original interest rate. Unit time deposits are not withdrawn at maturity, and the overdue part bears interest according to the deposit interest rate listed on the withdrawal date.
Article 17. Margin deposits shall bear interest at the unit deposit rate.
Article 18 All financial deposits transferred to the People's Bank do not bear interest; The unpaid part shall bear interest at the unit deposit rate.
Chapter IV Loan Interest Rate and Interest Settlement
Article 19 Development Bank loans are subject to different interest rates according to short-term loans (with a term below 1 year, inclusive) and medium-and long-term loans (with a term above 1 year).
Twentieth short-term loans (including equipment reserve loans and other short-term loans) shall bear interest at the legal loan interest rate of the corresponding grade on the effective date of the loan contract. During the loan contract period, in case of interest rate adjustment, interest will not be calculated in installments. Short-term loans are settled quarterly, and the settlement date is the 20th of the last month of each quarter. For the interest that cannot be paid on schedule during the loan period, compound interest shall be calculated according to the loan contract interest rate; After loans overdue, compound interest shall be calculated at the penalty interest rate. When the last loan is paid off, the profit will be paid off with the principal.
Twenty-first medium and long-term loans (including fixed assets soft loans, hard loans and special loans) interest rates are fixed for one year. The loan (including all the funds allocated by installments within 65,438+0 years from the effective date of the loan contract) shall bear interest at the legal loan interest rate of the corresponding grade on the effective date of the loan contract, and the interest rate for the next year shall be determined every 65,438+0 years (the first loan shall be paid by installments).
Twenty-second special loan interest rate according to the statutory loan interest rate stipulated by the people's Bank of China.
Twenty-third soft loan interest rates set up different grades according to the needs of different industries. The interest rate level of soft loans is proposed by the development bank and promulgated for implementation after being approved by the People's Bank of China.
Twenty-fourth medium and long-term loans shall be settled quarterly, and the 20th day at the end of each quarter shall be the settlement date. For the interest that cannot be paid on schedule during the loan period, compound interest shall be calculated according to the loan contract interest rate; After loans overdue, compound interest shall be calculated at the penalty interest rate.
Twenty-fifth loan extension, the cumulative term calculation, when the cumulative term reaches the new interest rate term level, from the extension date, according to the same level of interest rate listed on the extension date; If the new term grade cannot be reached, the interest will be calculated at the original grade interest rate on the extension date.
Twenty-sixth overdue loans or misappropriation of loans, from the date of overdue or misappropriation, interest will be calculated at the default interest rate until the principal and interest are fully paid off. In case of adjustment of the default interest rate, interest will be calculated in stages. Interest that cannot be paid on schedule during loans overdue or misappropriation shall be compounded quarterly at the penalty interest rate. Just like loans overdue's misappropriation, we should choose carefully and not combine.
Twenty-seventh loan interest rates are subject to floating management. According to the relevant regulations of the People's Bank of China, the medium and long-term loan interest rate of the Development Bank may not go up, but it may go down, and the maximum downward rate shall be implemented according to the regulations of the People's Bank of China. The interest rate standard for downward floating loans of development banks to related industries and borrowing enterprises shall be formulated separately by the head office. The Head Office is responsible for approving the items and levels of medium and long-term loans and equipment reserve loan interest rates approved by the Head Office, and the approval procedures are synchronized with the loan project approval process; The items and levels of interest rates for equipment reserve loans within the limits authorized by the branches shall be applied by the branches and reported to the Credit Bureau of the Head Office for countersigning, and shall be examined and approved by the Comprehensive Planning Bureau.
Twenty-eighth provisions on repaying loans in advance and collecting interest. In violation of the relevant provisions of the loan contract, the development bank requires the borrower to repay in advance, and the loan interest is calculated at the loan contract interest rate until the prepayment date. If the borrower voluntarily requests early repayment, with the consent of the Development Bank, in addition to paying the interest calculated according to the loan contract interest rate to the date of early repayment, it shall also compensate the Development Bank for the losses caused by early repayment.
Chapter V Supplementary Provisions
Article 29 The Head Office shall regularly check the implementation of interest rates. For those institutions and responsible persons who violate the national interest rate policy, raise or lower the deposit and loan interest rates without authorization, and violate these measures, resulting in adverse effects and losses, the Head Office will give economic penalties and administrative sanctions according to the seriousness of the case.
Thirtieth these measures are not specified, and the people's Bank of China has the corresponding provisions, according to the provisions of the people's Bank of China.
Article 31 The Comprehensive Planning Bureau of the Head Office shall be responsible for the interpretation of these Measures.
Article 32 These Measures shall be implemented as of the date of promulgation, and the original Interim Provisions on Interest Rate Management of China Development Bank (CDB Fa [1996] No.47) shall be abolished at the same time.