To effectively control overdue loans, in short, we need to do the following three things:

I. Pre-lending investigation

The basic contents of pre-loan investigation mainly include:

(1) Basic information: Mainly whether the qualifications and basic conditions of the borrower as a loan subject meet the requirements.

(2) Operating conditions: mainly the borrower's production, sales, benefits and development prospects in recent years.

(3) Financial status: mainly the current situation and changes of the borrower's assets and liabilities, capital structure, profitability and cash flow in recent years.

(4) Credit status: mainly refers to whether the borrower has defaulted on the loan principal and interest of financial institutions and bad credit records.

(5) Operator's quality: mainly the knowledge, experience, performance, moral character and management ability of the legal representative and main leaders.

(6) Guarantee: mainly refers to the ownership, value and realization difficulty of the collateral, and the guarantee qualification and ability of the guarantor.

Second, the loan review

1. The main contents of the review include:

(1) Whether the subject qualification of the borrower is legal and whether it has the ability to bear civil liabilities.

(2) Whether the borrower meets the basic loan conditions.

(3) Whether the production and operation, financial status, credit standing, development prospect and internal management of the borrower are good.

(4) Whether the purpose of the loan is in compliance, and whether the amount, term and interest rate are in compliance.

(5) the authenticity of the official seal of the legal person, the seal of the legal representative or authorized agent and the signature sample.

(6) Check the reliability of the mortgaged property or the qualification and ability of the guarantor.

2. Lending approval

On the basis of loan investigation and review opinions, examine and approve loans according to the authorized authority, and decide whether to lend, whether to lend more or not, and the loan method, term and interest rate.

Three. Post-loan inspection

1. Establish loan accounts and loan business management files.

2. The main contents of post-loan inspection

(1) Regularly check the borrower's production and operation, credit standing, solvency and loan use.

(2) Pay attention to the loan purpose, the change of solvency and the performance of the loan contract.

(3) Check the current situation and value changes of the mortgaged property and the changes of the guarantor's solvency.

3. Post-loan management

(1) A week before the loan expires, a notice (telephone prompt) will be issued to remind the borrower to repay the loan.

(2) Send a written dunning notice to the borrower every month for overdue loans, and obtain a receipt.

(3) If loans overdue has been in for more than three months, it shall claim compensation from the borrower according to law.

What is overdue rate, how to calculate overdue rate, and the calculation formula of loans overdue rate.

The overdue loan ratio refers to the proportion of overdue loans to all loans, which is used to reflect the repayment of loans on schedule, and is a procedure to reflect the use efficiency and asset risk of loans from the perspective of whether loans are repaid on schedule. Monitoring the proportion of overdue loans is mainly to promote banks to properly handle overdue loans as soon as possible. The calculation formula of overdue loan ratio can be calculated according to the ending balance and average balance, and the formula is as follows: ending overdue loan ratio = ending overdue loan balance/ending total loan balance; Average overdue loan ratio = average balance of full-term overdue loans/average balance of full-term loans.

The consequences of loans overdue

1. Penalty interest: When signing a loan contract, some relevant regulations are generally made for loans overdue. Overdue will generally result in penalty interest. The amount of penalty interest and the interest generated are different for different financial institutions, but as an expense that should not be spent, it is better not to generate it.

Second, the credit stain: this should not be underestimated. Once in loans overdue, the bank will report your overdue records to the central bank's credit information system. Once the record is generated, it will leave a stain on your personal credit report. This small stain will form a great resistance to your future loan or credit card application, so the borrower must not lose big because of small.

Third, you can't enjoy the preferential interest rate of the loan: We all know that when you apply for a loan from a bank, the loan interest rate will fluctuate to varying degrees, and high-quality customers can usually get the lowest loan interest rate. Users with loans overdue records can't enjoy preferential interest rates even if they can get a loan application.

Fourth, if it is overdue, it will have different effects on your credit investigation according to the length of time. Credit information that is seriously overdue (more than 90 days) will become a black account, and you cannot apply for any loan business before it is paid off. If it is overdue, there will be additional expenses such as liquidated damages and overdue interest. It is also common that the interest is greater than the principal after long-term overdue, so please be cautious.

How many days in loans overdue?

Loans overdue is one day overdue, with a cumulative overdue of more than 90 days.

And according to different banks, the regulations are different. Even if a simple bank has been in loans overdue for more than one day, generally speaking, the level in loans overdue is within 30 days 1, within 30-60 days, within 2,60-90 days, and so on, 4,5, and generally speaking, those overdue within 30 days are mild, not serious!

According to China Bank Card Industry Self-discipline Convention, if the payment is overdue for 3 days and the repayment difference is less than 10 yuan, no penalty interest will be charged. This delay also reflects the bank's concession, because the previous repayment is one or two days late, or there is still a fraction left unpaid, which may lead to the full penalty interest, leading to overdue personal repayment. According to the usual practice, banks provide time-sensitive services to cardholders, remind them of repayment by SMS or email at least three days before the due repayment date, and provide a repayment period of at least three days. In other words, if the cardholder pays back the money within 3 days after the stipulated repayment date, the bank shall consider it as full repayment in the same period, and no penalty interest is allowed. Note: 3 days refers to natural days, not working days.

The bank also provides tolerance service for cardholders, that is, the cardholder's current repayment is insufficient, and the unpaid amount is less than or equal to a certain amount (at least equivalent to RMB 10 yuan), which shall be regarded as the cardholder's full repayment.

If the cardholder fails to repay in full after the due repayment date and the minimum repayment amount is not selected, the bank generally takes the following measures:

1. Call or send a reminder letter to those whose credit cards have expired.

2. Those who are overdue for more than 6 times and fail to repay once will be blacklisted by the personal credit information system of the People's Bank of China. The bank will freeze the credit card account of the unpaid person and add the unpaid person to the blacklist. The record of arrears may be fed back to the personal credit information system of the People's Bank of China, which will affect the cardholder's personal credit record and lead to the cardholder's unpredictable application for housing mortgage loan.

3. If the overdue amount of the credit card is large (principal 10000 yuan or more), and it is overdue for more than three months, and the bank still fails to repay the loan twice, it is a malicious overdraft of the credit card and constitutes a credit card crime.

What is the overdue rate and how to calculate it?

The overdue rate is the overdue loan rate, which refers to the proportion of overdue loan balance to the current loan balance. The overdue loan ratio is used to reflect the repayment of loans on schedule, and to reflect the efficiency of loan and asset risk procedures from the perspective of whether they are repaid on schedule. Calculation formula of overdue loan ratio:

1, ending overdue loan ratio = ending overdue loan balance/ending total loan balance.

2. Average overdue loan ratio = average balance of overdue loans in full term (actual overdue amount)/average balance of loans in full term.

Usually, the main reasons of loans overdue are: delay in construction period, shutdown, unavailability after completion, low economic benefit after commissioning, inability to repay, great loss and refusal to return. Under normal circumstances, the proportion of overdue loans shall not exceed 8%. The lower the ratio, the better the recovery of loan principal, the better the efficiency of capital use and the lower the asset risk, and vice versa.

Extended data

The biggest feature of overdue loan data is absolute objectivity. Once the lender fails to repay the principal and interest on time, the loan becomes overdue. Loans overdue is an objective fact. As long as it happens, it will appear on the bank's financial statements and be counted as overdue loans, which will eliminate the subjectivity of overdue loans to the greatest extent.

This feature of overdue loans provides the most objective indicator for us to observe the changing trend of non-performing loans in banks. Overdue loans are a harbinger of non-performing loans, and the changing characteristics and trends of overdue loans are the observation window for predicting non-performing loans. Some banks with more non-performing loans than at the beginning of the year have also increased their overdue loans in the same period, and will face greater asset quality pressure in the future.

If an enterprise fails to repay a loan due, it will have a bad influence on the credit of the enterprise, and then affect the refinancing of the enterprise in the whole bank credit system.