During the first five-year plan period, Xinjiang completed the total industrial and agricultural output value plan two years ahead of schedule. 1957, the total industrial and agricultural output value reached 65.438+0.36 billion yuan, exceeding the planned 65.438+0.86 billion yuan, an increase of 63.10.5% compared with 1952, with an average annual increase of 654.38+0.3%. Great achievements have been made in all sectors of the national economy.
(1) industry. 1957, the industrial output value reached 445 million yuan, exceeding the planned 65.438+52 million yuan, an increase of 654.38+0.58% compared with 1952, with an average annual increase of 20.94%, and the proportion of industrial output value in the total industrial and agricultural output value increased to 43%. At the same time of socialist transformation of private industries, the original enterprises have been completely rectified, consolidated and improved, and the production capacity of enterprises has been further expanded. 169 enterprises have been built or continued in petroleum, nonferrous metals, electric power, coal, forestry, building materials, silk reeling, printing and dyeing, animal products processing and agricultural and sideline products processing, and the public-private joint ventures (excluding handicrafts) after the reform during the first five-year plan period have greatly strengthened the power construction. In 1957, the total installed capacity increased to 247 units, more than 49,000 kilowatts, an increase of nearly 9 times compared with 1952. By the end of the first five-year plan, 3 cities and 28 counties in Xinjiang had been electrified, generating 80 million kWh of electricity, which basically met the electricity demand of major towns and changed the backward appearance of these towns lighting by oil lamps and candles. During the First Five-Year Plan period, there were 9 local coal mines and 33 small coal mines in China, and the output of raw coal increased to1177,000 tons, which basically ensured the coal consumption for industrial production and urban residents in the whole region.
During the first five-year plan period, Xinjiang's petroleum industry began to take off. Sino-Soviet Petroleum Joint-stock Company was established in 1950, and operated by China in 1955. It was renamed Xinjiang Petroleum Company, which promoted the development of Xinjiang petroleum industry. In the past five years, large-scale geophysical exploration has been carried out and some oil-bearing structures have been discovered, 45 of which have been investigated in detail. Especially, the discovery of Karamay oil field in 1955 made Xinjiang one of the important oil bases in northwest China. 1957, the oil production capacity reached 247,000 tons and the crude oil output reached 95,000 tons.
The production of nonferrous metals and rare metals has also developed. The establishment of Sino-Soviet joint venture Xinjiang Nonferrous Metals Company laid the foundation for the development of Xinjiang Nonferrous Metals. During the "First Five-Year Plan" period, the state invested more than 80 million yuan to build fully mechanized and semi-mechanized mineral processing plants, initially established a base for nonferrous metals and rare metals in Xinjiang, and mined 10 kinds of ores. 1957 The ore output reached 50,000 tons, earning foreign exchange through export10.60 billion rubles.
In iron and steel production, Bayi Iron and Steel Plant built 93 cubic meters of No.3 blast furnace and transformed three converters, so that the pig iron production capacity reached 30,000 tons and the steelmaking capacity was 1.9 million tons.
Within five years, the number of machinery industrial enterprises has grown to 22, and several large factories, such as October garage (later changed to October tractor factory) and mining machinery factory, have been built. Agricultural machinery and tools produced in five years have greatly increased the cultivated land area in Xinjiang where new agricultural machinery and tools are used; The output value of metal processing increased by 5.8 times.
Forestry has also begun to be established. Within five years, seven logging companies and eight large-scale timber mills were established, with the sawing and timber-making capacity reaching 200,000 cubic meters, and the logging volume tripled.
The building materials industry focuses on developing cement production, with an annual output of 2 1.4 million tons, increasing by 1. 1 times, achieving 70% cement self-sufficiency and reversing the situation of basically importing from the mainland.
During the First Five-Year Plan period, the number of cotton spindles increased to more than 31.7000, the number of looms increased to 1.224, the cotton output reached 38.27 million meters, the printing and dyeing cloth reached 29.43 million meters, and the self-sufficiency rate of cloth reached 40%. At the same time, Hetian Silk Reeling Factory (with a production capacity of 3,200 lines) was completed, and 1957 produced 278 tons of silk.
The processing industry of agricultural and livestock products has also been developed. The processing capacity of machine-made flour was increased by 32.4 times, the processing capacity of oil was increased by 30%, and the ginning capacity was increased by nearly 200 times. More than 60% of seed cotton in Xinjiang can be processed locally. Other light industrial products, such as making fur, salt, pottery and wine, have also made great progress.
Due to the development of industry, the number of employees has increased to 47,000, an increase of 1.5 times, the level of industrial equipment and the quality of employees have also been improved, and the labor productivity of industrial enterprises owned by the whole people with independent accounting has reached 6,858 yuan, an increase of nearly 1 times. The variety of industrial products increases, the material consumption decreases, the cost decreases and the profit increases. By 1957, the local industrial system had paid the profit and depreciation fund of 3801.4 million yuan.
(2) agriculture. During the first five-year plan period, the land reform movement was successfully completed, which liberated the rural productive forces, completed the socialist transformation of agriculture and the cooperative movement, and changed the production relations in rural areas. During this period, the state increased investment in agricultural capital construction, built a number of water conservancy projects, increased loans and material support, and made great achievements in agricultural production. 1957 The agricultural output value reached 590 million yuan, exceeding the planned task. At the beginning of the first five-year plan, the main measure to develop agriculture was to expand the area of cultivated land. The initial policy was, "while doing a good job in water conservancy construction, vigorously open up wasteland and expand cultivated land"; In the later period of the first five-year plan, the policy of "combining the expansion of cultivated land area with the increase of output per unit area" was implemented. By 1957, the cultivated land area in Xinjiang has expanded to 29.295 million mu, with a net increase of 610.48 million mu in five years, and the output of cash crops such as grain, cotton and sugar beet has greatly increased.
During the First Five-Year Plan period, in order to improve agricultural technology, the relevant departments successively introduced Ukrainian winter wheat varieties 0246 and 83 (the introduction area accounted for 16%), Baimaya corn varieties (the introduction area accounted for 26%) and excellent cotton varieties from the Soviet Union. Cotton planting expanded from southern Xinjiang to northern Xinjiang, which opened up a new cotton base in Manas River basin, breaking the conclusion that northern Xinjiang could not grow cotton. Within five years, the new animal farm tools 1 14000 pieces will be popularized, and the novelty of farm tools will reach 40%. With the demonstration and help of the Production and Construction Corps and state-owned farms, a number of agricultural technical backbones have been trained, so that more advanced technologies have been gradually adopted in agricultural production from drilling and close planting, intertillage weeding, pest control to harvesting and threshing, scientific farming has been widely promoted, and the original farming methods such as "two cows carrying poles" plowing, riding and sowing, and flooding irrigation have begun to change. Compared with 1952, grain output increased by 9.4%, cotton increased by 65438 0.7 times and oilseed increased by 65438 0.8 times. In animal husbandry production, a number of state-owned and public-private joint ventures have been built, and grassland construction and livestock variety improvement have been strengthened. At the end of the year, the number of livestock on hand increased by 34%.
During the first five-year plan period, Xinjiang achieved self-sufficiency in grain, and a large amount of cotton was transferred to the mainland. Cotton was transferred to the mainland in five years * * * 1.205 million tons. The total value of exported livestock products reached 200 million yuan, in exchange for a large number of building materials, equipment, cars and so on.
(3) Transportation, post and telecommunications. During the First Five-Year Plan period, Xinjiang not only mobilized all forces to support the construction of Lanzhou-Xinjiang Railway, but also vigorously carried out highway construction. Within five years, expressway 12 will be built, with a total length of 2 150 km and a simple highway of 4,979 km. By 1957, the highway mileage in Xinjiang has reached 65,438+200,000 kilometers. Except Tashkurgan Tajik Autonomous County, cars can be used in other counties. The Kashgar-Turgat Highway and the New Tibet Highway across Kunlun Mountain were completed, Bingdaban was opened, and the Urumqi-Korla Highway across Tianshan Mountain was completed, shortening the transportation mileage between southern Xinjiang and northern Xinjiang. Passenger and freight transport vehicles reached 8400, an increase of 1.3 times. In the past five years, 4,597 pairs of telephone lines have been built, Urumqi automatic telephone and international relay station have been built, and three carrier lines from Urumqi to Lanzhou have been repaired, thus improving communication conditions.
(4) Capital construction. During the First Five-Year Plan period, the policy of "focusing on new construction, focusing on productive construction, focusing on small and medium-sized self-sufficiency construction, speeding up construction and improving economic benefits" was implemented in capital construction, and the completed investment was 654.38+46.4 million yuan, 3.3 times higher than the payback period. Infrastructure investment accounts for 94.8% of newly started projects, of which large and medium-sized projects account for 4.4% and small projects account for 95.6%; Of the total investment, agricultural projects account for 565,438+0%, light industry projects account for 9% and heavy industry projects account for 40%. During the first five-year plan period, most of the 22 13 construction projects under construction were completed and put into use on schedule, and the utilization rate of fixed assets reached 82%, which was fast and effective. The infrastructure team has also grown. By 1957, the design and construction team in the whole region has grown to more than 654.38+10,000 people, and can undertake complex survey work such as industry, water conservancy, transportation and urban construction.
(5) Commercial supply and marketing and foreign trade. Due to the rapid development of industrial and agricultural production, the expansion of capital construction scale, and the change of cadres from supply system to wage system after 1952, the wages of employees have generally increased, the average consumption level of farmers and herdsmen has also greatly improved, and the pressure on business and supply and marketing departments has increased. In addition to vigorously strengthening the acquisition and supply of industrial raw materials, agricultural and sideline products and daily industrial products, Xinjiang's commercial departments also actively organize the supply of goods, so that the availability and purchasing power of social goods are generally balanced. 1957 The retail sales of social goods reached 893 million yuan, with an average growth of 19.2% in five years. The supply of various means of production and daily necessities has doubled, and the urban and rural markets are active and the supply is sufficient.
Foreign trade has also grown rapidly. In five years, the total export volume was 474 million rubles. Compared with 1952, the export volume of main commodities in 1957 increased by 65,438+08%, that of sheep increased by 7.3 times, and that of metal ores and other export materials increased significantly. In the past five years, the state-owned commercial sector earned 250 million yuan.
(6) Finance. Under the principle of "closely cooperating with production, vigorously organizing tax sources and striving to increase enterprise income", Xinjiang's fiscal revenue achieved steady growth during the First Five-Year Plan period. In the past five years, Xinjiang's fiscal revenue was 864 million yuan, with an average annual growth rate of 25. 14%, which greatly exceeded the growth rate of industry and agriculture. The total fiscal expenditure in the five years was 949 million yuan, with an average annual increase of 30.3%. The balance of payments was only 56 million yuan, which changed the situation of relying heavily on central subsidies during the recovery period.
(7) Cultural, educational, health and sports undertakings. In terms of education, the number of institutions of higher learning increased from 1 to five, and the number of students in 1957 reached 3,909, which was 1.5 times higher than that in 1952, including 2,537 ethnic minority students, which was 2. 1 times higher. Five years * * * has trained 2596 undergraduate and junior college graduates of various majors. Secondary specialized schools have grown from 1 1 to 2 1, with students 1 1733, of which ethnic minority students account for 72.49%. Over the past five years, * * * has trained 7,349 secondary graduates majoring in engineering, agriculture, medicine and teachers' colleges, thus alleviating the talent shortage caused by economic and cultural construction in this area. Among ordinary middle schools, the number of senior middle schools has increased to 2 1, with 4776 students; The number of junior high schools has increased to 96, with 56,000 students. During the First Five-Year Plan period, due to the lack of comprehensive balance between enrollment and graduates of various schools at all levels, colleges and secondary schools developed rapidly and the enrollment plan was set on the high side, resulting in the phenomenon that universities recruited some junior high school students and secondary schools recruited some primary school students, and the quality of students declined. During the first five-year plan period, the number of primary schools increased from 65,438+0,776 to 2,253, and the enrollment rate of school-age children increased by 65,438+0 times compared with that before liberation. During this period, 335,000 people became literate, which improved the cultural quality of people of all ethnic groups. In the past five years, the number of various health institutions has increased from 150 to 853, including 89 hospitals to 1 13, 4 new sanatoriums, 2 health and epidemic prevention stations to 53, 9 maternity and child care stations to 64, and the number of beds has increased from 985 to 8,358, with an average population of 65,438. During the first five-year plan period, we conscientiously implemented the policy of "prevention first" and vigorously carried out the prevention and treatment of recurrent infectious diseases, which controlled smallpox and malaria that were widely prevalent before liberation and basically put an end to sexually transmitted diseases; The patriotic health campaign has been widely and deeply carried out, which has improved the health level of people of all ethnic groups.
During the first five-year plan period, culture, journalism, publishing, broadcasting, sports and other undertakings have also made great progress.
Facts show that the construction achievements of Xinjiang in the first five-year plan period are outstanding. The successful completion of the first five-year plan has initially changed the backward face of Xinjiang and laid a good foundation for future economic development. The first five-year plan period is one of the best historical periods for Xinjiang's national economic development.